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| 6. |
- Möller, Páll H., et al.
(författare)
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Interstitial laser thermotherapy : Comparison between bare fibre and sapphire probe
- 1995
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Ingår i: Lasers in Medical Science. - 0268-8921. ; 10:3, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sapphire probe and a bare fibre were compared with respect to temperature control and distribution and light fluence in interstitial laser thermotherapy. Experiments were performed in processed liver using an Nd-YAG laser and output power levels of 1-4 W. The temperature was controlled at a distance of 10 mm using a feedback circuit with an automatic thermometry system and thermistor probes. With the sapphire probe, carbonization was rare at power levels of 1-2 W but was observed in half of the experiments at 3 W and in all experiments at 4 W. Using the bare fibre, carbonization was seen in almost all experiments. Absence of carbonization was associated with a moderate decrease in the penetration of light and excellent control of the temperature, whereas carbonization led to rapid impairment of light penetration and temperature control. In addition, the temperature gradient was smaller with the sapphire probe than with the bare fibre or when carbonization was absent. It is concluded that a diffuser tip, such as the sapphire probe, may be preferable to the bare fibre for interstitial laser thermotherapy because it gives a smaller temperature gradient and helps to avoid carbonization which results in preserved light penetration and improved temperature control.
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| 7. |
- Möller, P. H., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature control and light penetration in a feedback interstitial laser thermotherapy system
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hyperthermia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0265-6736 .- 1464-5157. ; 12:1, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the performance of a closed loop interstitial laser thermotherapy system in processed liver and to demonstrate its suitability for treating a vascularized tumour in vivo. The thermotherapy system consisted of an Nd:YAG laser and a temperature feedback circuit including an automatic thermometry system and thermistor probes. Experiments in processed liver were performed with a sapphire probe and temperature control at a distance of 10 mm. In most experiments at 1-2 W, and in half of the experiments at 3 W, there was no carbonization, a moderate change in the light penetration and excellent control of the temperature. In experiments with output powers of 4-5 W there was carbonization with rapid deterioration of light penetration and impaired control of the temperature. Carbonization affected the distribution of temperatures, which were lower below, and higher above, the laser tip in experiments with carbonization as compared to experiments without carbonization. Treatment of an adenocarcinoma implanted into rat liver was performed at 2 W with a bare fibre and without blood inflow occlusion. The feedback thermistor probe was placed 3 mm outside the margin of the tumour (largest diameter 9.5 ± 0.3 mm (mean ± SEM)). Temperature control and light penetration characteristics were similar to those found in vitro. No tumour could be demonstrated at sacrifice 6 days later. It is concluded that a closed loop feedback system can produce stable and reproducible local hyperthermia, that it performs better when carbonization is avoided and light penetration is preserved and that it has a great potential for interstitial thermotherapy of malignant tumours.
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| 9. |
- Axelson, H, et al.
(författare)
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The amino-terminal phosphorylation sites of C-MYC are frequently mutated in Burkitt's lymphoma lines but not in mouse plasmacytomas and rat immunocytomas
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 31A:12, s. 104-2099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced the region encoding the amino-terminal phosphorylation sites of C-MYC in the Ig/MYC translocation-carrying Burkitt lymphomas (BL), mouse plasmacytomas (MPC) and rat immunocytomas (RIC). Mutations affecting the Thr-58 codon or the immediate flanking region were found in seven of the 10 in vitro propagated BL lines. No mutations were found in any of the eight BL biopsies analysed. Germ-line sequences were also found in six in vivo and five in vitro passaged MPCs and in four in vivo transplanted RICs. These findings indicate that mutations in this region do not represent a general phenomena in Ig/MYC translocation-carrying tumours, but may confer growth advantage on BL cells under continuous in vitro propagation.
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- Franzén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Fractionated-irradiation and late changes in rat parotid-gland : effects on the number of acinar-cells, potassium efflux, and amylase secretion
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Radiation Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0955-3002 .- 1362-3095. ; 64:1, s. 93-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irradiation of head- and neck cancer commonly results in oral dryness and discomfort for the patients due to salivary gland damage. The exact mechanisms behind the inherent radiosensitivity of salivary glands remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used different in vitro secretory models and quantitative morphological characterization of rat parotid gland following fractionated unilateral irradiation to one gland on a 5-day fraction schedule (Monday-Friday) with 6 MV photons (total dose 30, 35, 40 and 45 Gy) or a two-fractions regimen in 5 days (Monday and Friday) with total dose of 24 and 32 Gy. The contralateral shielded gland served as control, and parallel analyses of irradiated and control glands were performed 180 days following the last irradiation treatment. The relative noradrenaline stimulated electrolyte secretion (rubidium-86 tracer for potassium) was decreased in the irradiated compared with control glands. The noradrenaline-stimulated exocytotic amylase release was not significantly affected by irradiation, but the gland content of amylase was decreased dose-dependently. The quantitative morphological analysis revealed a dose-dependent decline in the number of acinar cells, whereas the other parenchymal cells (intercalated, striated- and excretory duct cells) were un-, affected by the irradiation compared with control glands.
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| 15. |
- Funegård, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Rat salivary gland function after fractionated irradiation.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 36:2, s. 191-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal effects of fractionated irradiation, with various total doses, on salivary gland function in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 Gy per day on five consecutive days. Irradiation was given to the head and neck region. Whole saliva was collected before and 2, 15 and 26 weeks after irradiation. In general the effects of irradiation on salivary gland function were found to be related to dose and time after exposure. Secretion rates were significantly decreased two weeks after irradiation with doses of 30 Gy or higher, after 15 weeks with 25 Gy or higher, and after 26 weeks with 20 Gy or higher. Response patterns to irradiation differed between the salivary constituents. Thus, the conclusions from this study are that early and late effects display different patterns and that the model used to study variations in salivary gland function after fractionated irradiation must be adjusted to the question addressed.
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- Henriksson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear colocalization of c-myc protein and hsp70 in cells transfected with human wild-type and mutant c-myc genes
- 1992
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Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - 0014-4827. ; 203:2, s. 94-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy we have studied the localization of wild-type and mutant c-myc proteins transiently expressed in CV-1 cells. In agreement with our previous observations, wild-type c-myc protein accumulated in large amorphous globules in the nucleus. All mutant proteins tested accumulated in the nucleus as well, but gave rise to morphologically different inclusion bodies. Many small globules appeared in cells transfected with D145-262 (deletion of amino acids 145-262), while cells transfected with D371-412 or D414-433 generated structures looking like a fine network or like beads on a string. In addition, a particulate cytoplasmic staining appeared in some cells transfected with the wild-type gene and in cells transfected with mutants D145-262 or D414-433. Since the c-myc protein has been reported to stimulate expression of exogenous hsp70 protein, we also examined the intracellular distribution of hsp70 in the transfected cells. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that hsp70 codistributed with the c-myc protein in distinct globules in the nucleus of many but not all myc-positive cells. However, the levels of hsp70 transcripts were not significantly raised compared to nontransfected and vector-transfected cells. Likewise, the levels of hsp70 protein did not vary significantly. These findings indicate that overexpression of c-myc stimulates translocation of preexisting hsp70 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, rather than influencing hsp70 expression. Conceivably, this may represent one of several mechanisms whereby the cell deals with excessive amounts of c-myc protein.
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| 22. |
- Henriksson, R, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in mast cells and hyaluronic acid correlates to radiation-induced damage and loss of serous acinar cells in salivary glands: the parotid and submandibular glands differ in radiation sensitivity
- 1994
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 1532-1827. ; 69:2, s. 320-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The detailed mechanisms which can explain the inherent radiosensitivity of salivary glands remain to be elucidated. Although DNA is the most plausible critical target for the lethal effects of irradiation, interactions with other constituents, such as cell membrane and neuropeptides, have been suggested to cause important physiological changes. Moreover, mast cells seem to be closely linked to radiation-induced pneumonitis. Therefore, in the present study the effects of fractionated irradiation on salivary glands have been assessed with special regard to the appearance of mast cells and its correlation with damage to gland parenchyma. Sprague-Dawley strain rats were unilaterally irradiated to the head and neck with the salivary glands within the radiation field. The irradiation was delivered once daily for 5 days to a total dose of 20, 35 and 45 Gy. The contralateral parotid and submandibular glands served as intra-animal controls and parallel analysis of glands was performed 2, 4, 10 or 180 days following the last radiation treatment. Morphological analysis revealed no obvious changes up to 10 days after the irradiation. At 180 days a radiation dose-dependent loss of gland parenchyma was seen, especially with regard to serious acinar cells in parotid gland and acinar cells and serous CGT (convoluted granular tubule) cells in the submandibular gland. These changes displayed a close correlation with a concomitant dose-dependent enhanced density of mast cells and staining for hyaluronic acid. This cell population seems to conform with the features of the connective tissue mast cell type. The parotid seems to be more sensitive to irradiation than the submandibular gland. Thus, the present results further strengthen the role of and the potential interaction of mast cells with radiation-induced tissue injury and alterations in normal tissue integrity.
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| 25. |
- Karlsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency doubling in periodically poled RbTiOAsO4
- 1996
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Ingår i: ELECTRONICS LETTERS. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194. ; 32:6, s. 556-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Krook, A, et al.
(författare)
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Uncoupling protein 3 is reduced in skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients
- 1998
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 47:9, s. 1528-1531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two recently described proteins in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) family, UCP-2 and UCP-3, have been linked to phenotypes of obesity and NIDDM. We determined the mRNA levels of UCP-2 and UCP-3 in skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients and of healthy control subjects. No difference in the mRNA levels or in the protein expression of UCP-2 was observed between the two groups. In contrast, mRNA levels of UCP-3 were significantly reduced in skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients compared with control subjects. In the NIDDM patients, a positive correlation between UCP-3 expression and whole-body insulin-mediated glucose utilization rate was also noted. These results suggest that UCP-3 regulation may be altered in states of insulin resistance.
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- Ploj, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal handling in rats induces long-term effects on dynorphin peptides
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 33:6, s. 468-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of neonatal handling on the opioid dynorphin peptides in the brain and pituitary gland of Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Ten weeks after the neonatal handling, handled rats had higher tissue levels of dynorphin A and B in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and striatum and slightly higher dynorphin B levels in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata and midbrain as compared with non-handled controls. The results indicate a persistent upregulation of the dynorphin system in certain brain areas after neonatal handling, which could contribute to the behavioural changes in these rats observed later in life. Observation in the open field and the elevated plus-maze tests confirmed behavioural effects of neonatal handling, i.e. showing that handled rats exhibit attenuated fearfulness in novel environments as compared with non-handled rats.
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- Song, XM, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle fiber type-specific defects in insulin signal transduction to glucose transport in diabetic GK rats
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 48:3, s. 664-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether defects in the insulin signal transduction pathway to glucose transport occur in a muscle fiber type-specific manner, post-receptor insulin-signaling events were assessed in oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic (extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) skeletal muscle from Wistar or diabetic GK rats. In soleus muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated (120 nmol/l) glucose transport was significantly decreased, compared with that of Wistar rats. In EDL muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport was normal, while the submaximal response was reduced compared with that of Wistar rats. We next treated diabetic GK rats with phlorizin for 4 weeks to determine whether restoration of glycemia would lead to improved insulin signal transduction. Phlorizin treatment of GK rats resulted in full restoration of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in soleus and EDL muscle. In soleus muscle from GK rats, submaximal and maximal insulin-stimulated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity were markedly reduced, compared with that of Wistar rats, but only submaximal insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase was restored after phlorizin treatment. In EDL muscle, insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated PI-3 kinase were not altered between GK and Wistar rats. Maximal insulin-stimulated Akt (protein kinase B) kinase activity is decreased in soleus muscle from GK rats and restored upon normalization of glycemia (Krook et al., Diabetes 46:2100-2114, 1997). Here, we show that in EDL muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated Akt kinase activity is also impaired and restored to Wistar rat levels after phlorizin treatment. In conclusion, functional defects in IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase in skeletal muscle from diabetic GK rats are fiber-type-specific, with alterations observed in oxidative, but not glycolytic, muscle. Furthermore, regardless of muscle fiber type, downstream steps to PI 3-kinase (i.e., Akt and glucose transport) are sensitive to changes in the level of glycemia.
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