| 1. |
- Arver, Brita, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Swedish Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer: A National Survey.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Annals of surgery. - : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999. - 1528-1140 .- 0003-4932. ; 253:6, s. 1147-1154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:: This study attempted a national inventory of all bilateral prophylactic mastectomies performed in Sweden between 1995 and 2005 in high-risk women without a previous breast malignancy. The primary aim was to investigate the breast cancer incidence after surgery. Secondary aims were to describe the preoperative risk assessment, operation techniques, complications, histopathological findings, and regional differences. METHODS:: Geneticists, oncologists and surgeons performing prophylactic breast surgery were asked to identify all women eligible for inclusion in their region. The medical records were reviewed in each region and the data were analyzed centrally. The BOADICEA risk assessment model was used to calculate the number of expected/prevented breast cancers during the follow-up period. RESULTS:: A total of 223 women operated on in 8 hospitals were identified. During a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, no primary breast cancer was observed compared with 12 expected cases. However, 1 woman succumbed 9 years post mastectomy to widespread adenocarcinoma of uncertain origin. Median age at operation was 40 years. A total of 58% were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. All but 3 women underwent breast reconstruction, 208 with implants and 12 with autologous tissue. Four small, unifocal, invasive cancers and 4 ductal carcinoma in situ were found in the mastectomy specimens. The incidence of nonbreast related complications was low (3%). Implant loss due to infection/necrosis occurred in 21 women (10%) but a majority received a new implant later. In total, 64% of the women underwent at least 1unanticipated secondary operation. CONCLUSIONS:: Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is safe and efficacious in reducing future breast cancer in asymptomatic women at high risk. Unanticipated reoperations are common. Given the small number of patients centralization seems justified.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
Total body fat content versus BMI in 4-year-old healthy Swedish children.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Obesity. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-0708 .- 2090-0716. ; 2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained 25.2 ± 4.7 and 26.8 ± 4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P < 0.001) but weak (r = 0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jacobs, Kevin B, et al.
(författare)
-
Detectable clonal mosaicism and its relationship to aging and cancer.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - New York : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:6, s. 651-658
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an analysis of 31,717 cancer cases and 26,136 cancer-free controls from 13 genome-wide association studies, we observed large chromosomal abnormalities in a subset of clones in DNA obtained from blood or buccal samples. We observed mosaic abnormalities, either aneuploidy or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, of >2 Mb in size in autosomes of 517 individuals (0.89%), with abnormal cell proportions of between 7% and 95%. In cancer-free individuals, frequency increased with age, from 0.23% under 50 years to 1.91% between 75 and 79 years (P = 4.8 × 10(-8)). Mosaic abnormalities were more frequent in individuals with solid tumors (0.97% versus 0.74% in cancer-free individuals; odds ratio (OR) = 1.25; P = 0.016), with stronger association with cases who had DNA collected before diagnosis or treatment (OR = 1.45; P = 0.0005). Detectable mosaicism was also more common in individuals for whom DNA was collected at least 1 year before diagnosis with leukemia compared to cancer-free individuals (OR = 35.4; P = 3.8 × 10(-11)). These findings underscore the time-dependent nature of somatic events in the etiology of cancer and potentially other late-onset diseases.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ahnstedt, Hilda, et al.
(författare)
-
Cytokines and growth factors modify the upregulation of contractile endothelin ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in rat cerebral arteries after organ culture.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708. ; 205:2, s. 266-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Experimental cerebral ischemia and organ culture of cerebral arteries induce an increased endothelin ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction. The aim of the present study was to examine if cytokines and growth factors, known to be activated in ischemia, can influence the expression and function of endothelin receptors after organ culture. Methods: Rat middle cerebral arteries were cultured for 24 h at 37°C in humidified 5% CO(2) and air in culture medium alone, or with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Concentration-response curves were obtained for sarafotoxin 6c (ET(B) receptor agonist) and endothelin-1 (here ET(A) receptor agonist, because of ET(B) receptor desensitization). The receptor mRNA expression was examined by real-time PCR and the protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: TNF-α (100 ng/ml) and EGF (20 ng/ml) potentiated the ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction (increase in pEC(50) without change in E(max) ). bFGF (10 ng/ml) and IL-1β (10 ng/ml) induced an enhanced ET(A) receptor-mediated contraction. bFGF (10 ng/ml) significantly increased the ET(B) mRNA level, and EGF (20 ng/ml) increased the ET(A) receptor protein. Increased ET(B) receptor mRNA and protein level also were observed after treatment with IL-1β (10 ng/ml). Conclusion: The present study show that TNF-α, IL-1β, EGF and bFGF can modify the expression and function of endothelin receptors during organ culture. Since there is similar receptor upregulation in experimental stroke, the effect of cytokines and growth factors on endothelin receptor upregulation is an interesting aspect to study in vivo.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bing, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
-
Det har både blivit lättare och svårare - om det nya i att arbeta på familjecentraler
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 88:2, s. 133-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln utgår ifrån personalens perspektiv. Första delen är resultat från en enkätstudie som fokuserar på hur personal förändrat sitt sätt att arbeta sedan de började arbeta på familjecentral. De flesta upplever att eftersom de har andra professioner i samma hus lättare upptäcker familjer med extra behov av stöd och bättre kan fokusera på sina egna arbetsuppgifter. Som fördjupning av svaren i enkäten har olika personalkategorier ombetts skriva en kortfattad berättelse om sitt eget arbete på familjecentral. Sjuksköterskor, barnmorska, psykolog, socionom, förskollärare, bibliotekarie och samordnare berättar hur de arbetar. Slutsatserna från artikeln är att familjecentraler kan ses som ett svar på att stödet till blivande och småbarnsföräldrar har utökats på de områden som den traditionella mödra- och barnhälsovården har sett som problematisk att möta. Sannolikt ökar förutsättningarna för att de som behöver extra stöd också kan få möjlighet till detta under förutsättning att extra stöd finns när familjecentralens resurser inte räcker till.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bing, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
-
Det har både blivit lättare och svårare - om det nya i att arbeta på familjecentraler
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 88:2, s. 133-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln utgår ifrån personalens perspektiv. Första delen är resultat från en enkätstudie som fokuserar på hur personal förändrat sitt sätt att arbeta sedan de började arbeta på familjecentral. De flesta upplever att eftersom de har andra professioner i samma hus lättare upptäcker familjer med extra behov av stöd och bättre kan fokusera på sina egna arbetsuppgifter. Som fördjupning av svaren i enkäten har olika personalkategorier ombetts skriva en kortfattad berättelse om sitt eget arbete på familjecentral. Sjuksköterskor, barnmorska, psykolog, socionom, förskollärare, bibliotekarie och samordnare berättar hur de arbetar. Slutsatserna från artikeln är att familjecentraler kan ses som ett svar på att stödet till blivande och småbarnsföräldrar har utökats på de områden som den traditionella mödra- och barnhälsovården har sett som problematisk att möta. Sannolikt ökar förutsättningarna för att de som behöver extra stöd också kan få möjlighet till detta under förutsättning att extra stöd finns när familjecentralens resurser inte räcker till.
|
|
| 8. |
- Eriksson, Britt, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Body-composition development during early childhood and energy expenditure in response to physical activity in 1.5-y-old children
- 2012
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - Bethesda, USA : American Society for Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 96:3, s. 567-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased recently, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely known. Previous research has shown a correlation between the percentage of total body fat (TBF) and physical activity level (PAL). However, the PAL values used may involve a risk of spurious correlations because they are often based on predicted rather than measured estimates of resting energy metabolism. lObjectives: We studied the development of body composition during early childhood and the relation between the percentage of TBF and PAL on the basis of the measured resting energy metabolism.Design: Body composition was previously measured in 108 children when they were 1 and 12 wk old. When 44 of these children (21 girls and 23 boys) were 1.5 y old, their total energy expenditure and TBF were assessed by using the doubly labeled water method. Resting energy metabolism, which was assessed by using indirect calorimetry, was used to calculate PAL.Results: Significant correlations were shown for TBF (r = 0.32, P = 0.035) and fat-free mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.025) between values (kg) assessed at 12 wk and 1.5 y of age. For TBF (kg) a significant interaction (P = 0.035) indicated a possible sex difference. PAL at 1.5 y was negatively correlated with the percentage of TBF (r = -0.40, P = 0.0076) and the increase in the percentage of TBF between 12 wk and 1.5 y (r = 0.38, P = 0.0105).Conclusions: The results indicate that body fatness and physical activity interact during early childhood and thereby influence obesity risk. Our results are based on a small sample, but nevertheless, they motivate additional studies in boys compared with girls regarding the development of body composition during early life.
|
|
| 9. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluations of Actiheart, IDEEA and RT3 monitors for estimating activity energy expenditure in free-living women
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 2:e31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activity energy expenditure (AEE) during free-living conditions can be assessed using devices based on different principles. To make proper comparisons of different devices' capacities to assess AEE, they should be evaluated in the same population. Thus, in the present study we evaluated, in the same group of subjects, the ability of three devices to assess AEE in groups and individuals during free-living conditions. In twenty women, AEE was assessed using RT3 (three-axial accelerometry) (AEERT3), Actiheart (a combination of heart rate and accelerometry) (AEEActi) and IDEEA (a multi-accelerometer system) (AEEIDEEA). Reference AEE (AEEref) was assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Average AEEActi was 5760 kJ per 24 h and not significantly different from AEEref (5020 kJ per 24 h). On average, AEERT3 and AEEIDEEA were 2010 and 1750 kJ per 24 h lower than AEEref, respectively (P < 0·001). The limits of agreement (± 2 sd) were 2940 (Actiheart), 1820 (RT3) and 2650 (IDEEA) kJ per 24 h. The variance for AEERT3 was lower than for AEEActi (P = 0·006). The RT3 classified 60 % of the women in the correct activity category while the corresponding value for IDEEA and Actiheart was 30 %. In conclusion, the Actiheart may be useful for groups and the RT3 for individuals while the IDEEA requires further development. The results are likely to be relevant for a large proportion of Western women of reproductive age and demonstrate that the procedure selected to assess physical activity can greatly influence the possibilities to uncover important aspects regarding interactions between physical activity, diet and health.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
The Two-Component Model for Calculating Total Body Fat from Body Density: An Evaluation in Healthy Women before, during and after Pregnancy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 6:12, s. 5888-5899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A possibility to assess body composition during pregnancy is often important. Estimating body density (D-B) and use the two-component model (2CM) to calculate total body fat (TBF) represents an option. However, this approach has been insufficiently evaluated during pregnancy. We evaluated the 2CM, and estimated fat-free mass (FFM) density and variability in 17 healthy women before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32, and 2 weeks postpartum based on D-B (underwater weighing), total body water (deuterium dilution) and body weight, assessed on these four occasions. TBF, calculated using the 2CM and published FFM density (TBF2CM), was compared to reference estimates obtained using the three-component model (TBF3CM). TBF2CM minus TBF3CM (mean +/- 2SD) was -1.63 +/- 5.67 (p = 0.031), -1.39 +/- 7.75 (p = 0.16), -0.38 +/- 4.44 (p = 0.49) and -1.39 +/- 5.22 (p = 0.043) % before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum, respectively. The effect of pregnancy on the variability of FFM density was larger in gestational week 14 than in gestational week 32. The 2CM, based on D-B and published FFM density, assessed body composition as accurately in gestational week 32 as in non-pregnant adults. Corresponding values in gestational week 14 were slightly less accurate than those obtained before pregnancy.
|
|
| 11. |
- Fredriksson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
UB:s fysiska studiemiljö : en attraktiv kunskapsmiljö? Universitetsbiblioteket vid
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Universitetsbiblioteket vid Linnéuniversitetet (LNUB) genomförde under år 2012 en lokalö-versyn med avsikt att undersöka bibliotekets studiemiljöer, och vid behov ge förslag på för-ändringar. Varje morgon strömmar studenter in i biblioteket för att hitta en studieplats för dagen. Beho-vet av studiemiljöer är stort och LNUB har således en viktig funktion att fylla. Detta fastställs även i bibliotekets uppdragsbeskrivning där ”tillhandahållande av bibliotekslokaler och fy-siska lärmiljöer” utgör ett ansvarsområde. 1 En aspekt av lokalöversynsarbetet har därför varit att undersöka relationen mellan det fysiska biblioteksrummet och lärande. Hur bör våra studi-emiljöer utformas för att på bästa sätt stötta och inspirera till lärande? Vad är ett optimalt ar-betssätt för att främja utveckling av studiemiljöer på biblioteket?
|
|
| 12. |
- Gad, Helge, et al.
(författare)
-
MTH1 inhibition eradicates cancer by preventing sanitation of the dNTP pool
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 508:7495, s. 215-221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancers have dysfunctional redox regulation resulting in reactive oxygen species production, damaging both DNA and free dNTPs. The MTH1 protein sanitizes oxidized dNTP pools to prevent incorporation of damaged bases during DNA replication. Although MTH1 is non-essential in normal cells, we show that cancer cells require MTH1 activity to avoid incorporation of oxidized dNTPs, resulting in DNA damage and cell death. We validate MTH1 as an anticancer target in vivo and describe small molecules TH287 and TH588 as first-in-class nudix hydrolase family inhibitors that potently and selectively engage and inhibit the MTH1 protein in cells. Protein co-crystal structures demonstrate that the inhibitors bindin the active site of MTH1. The inhibitors cause incorporation of oxidized dNTPs in cancer cells, leading to DNA damage, cytotoxicity and therapeutic responses in patient-derived mouse xenografts. This study exemplifies the non-oncogene addiction concept for anticancer treatment and validates MTH1 as being cancer phenotypic lethal.
|
|
| 13. |
- Gardin, Emily, et al.
(författare)
-
Consonant inventory of Swedish speaking 24-month-olds : A cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings from FONETIK 2014. - Stockholm : Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University. - 9789163756627 - 9789163756634 ; , s. 123-126
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-sectional study examines the consonant inventory of Swedish speaking twenty-four-month olds. The results are compared with English speaking children at the same age. 15 audio files recorded from 13 children were transcribed using independent analysis. Individual inventories where constructed for both word-initial and word-final consonants for each subject. The results are to a high degree consistent with the findings in the study compared. Anterior consonants are more frequent in the subject’s inventories than posterior ones in both initial and final word position. Word initial voiced plosives are more common in the inventories than voiceless with the reverse situation i.e. voiceless plosives are more frequent than voiced in word final position.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Gisselsson-Solén, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for carriage of AOM pathogens during the first 3 years of life in children with early onset of acute otitis media
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 134:7, s. 684-690
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion: Risk factors associated with increased carriage rates are the same in children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) as in healthy children. These are also known to be risk factors for the development of AOM itself. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage in a cohort of young children at high risk of developing rAOM. Methods: Children with an onset of AOM before 6 months of age, indicating an 80% risk of developing rAOM, were enrolled in a vaccination trial on heptavalent PCV. These children were monitored for 3 years during healthy and AOM periods with nasopharyngeal cultures, physical examinations, and questionnaires. Results: A total of 109 children were included at a mean age of 5 months; 105 were followed for 3 years, 89 (82%) of whom developed rAOM. Risk factors associated with increased carriage of all major AOM pathogens were age < 2 years, concurrent AOM, and fulfilment of rAOM criteria. Having siblings in day care was associated with increased carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, recent antibiotic treatment was associated with H. influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis carriage, and winter season was associated with M. catarrhalis carriage alone.
|
|
| 16. |
- Guerra, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Myc is required for activation of the ATM-dependent checkpoints in response to DNA damage
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The MYC protein controls cellular functions such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In response to genotoxic agents, cells overexpressing MYC undergo apoptosis. However, the MYC-regulated effectors acting upstream of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway are still unknown.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we demonstrate that expression of Myc is required to activate the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage checkpoint responses in rat cell lines exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) or the bacterial cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Phosphorylation of the ATM kinase and its downstream effectors, such as histone H2AX, were impaired in the myc null cell line HO15.19, compared to the myc positive TGR-1 and HOmyc3 cells. Nuclear foci formation of the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (Nbs) 1 protein, essential for efficient ATM activation, was also reduced in absence of myc. Knock down of the endogenous levels of MYC by siRNA in the human cell line HCT116 resulted in decreased ATM and CHK2 phosphorylation in response to irradiation. Conversely, cell death induced by UV irradiation, known to activate the ATR-dependent checkpoint, was similar in all the cell lines, independently of the myc status.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that MYC contributes to the activation of the ATM-dependent checkpoint responses, leading to cell death in response to specific genotoxic stimuli.
|
|
| 17. |
- Henriksson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a support group programme for family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care
- 2012
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Health care systems in many countries are moving towards outpatient care in which family members are central in providing care for patients with life-threatening illness. Several studies show that family members report lack of preparation, knowledge and ability to handle the caregiver role with a need for information and psychosocial support. Aim: The aim was to investigate effects of a support group programme for family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care Design: A prospective quasi-experimental design including an intervention group and a comparison group was used. Settings/participants: A support group programme was offered to family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care at three intervention settings, two specialist palliative care units and one haematology unit. A fourth setting, a specialist palliative care unit was used for comparisons. Results: Family members taking part in the support group programme significantly increased their perceptions of preparedness for caregiving, competence for caregiving and rewards of caregiving. No significant changes were shown for hope, anxiety, depression symptoms or health. Conclusions: The intervention, including a support group program delivered for family members of persons with life threatening illness during ongoing palliative care proved to be effective in certain domains of caregiving. No negative outcomes were detected. The results indicate that this intervention could be implemented and delivered to family members during ongoing palliative care.
|
|
| 18. |
- Henriksson, Anette, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of a support group programme for patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Palliative Medicine. - London, United Kingdom : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 27:3, s. 257-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health care systems in many countries are moving towards outpatient care in which family members are central in providing care for patients with life-threatening illness. Several studies show that family members report a lack of preparation, knowledge and the ability to handle the caregiver role, and a need for information and psychosocial support. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanAim: The aim was to investigate the effects of a support group programme for family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign: A prospective quasi-experimental design, including an intervention group and a comparison group, was used. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSettings/participants: A support group programme was offered to family members during ongoing palliative care at three intervention settings: two specialist palliative care units and one haematology unit. A fourth setting, a specialist palliative care unit, was used for comparisons. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Family members taking part in the support group programme significantly increased their perceptions of preparedness for caregiving, competence for caregiving, and rewards of caregiving. Hope, anxiety, depression symptoms and health showed no significant changes. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The intervention, including a support group programme delivered to family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care, proved to be effective in certain domains of caregiving. No negative outcomes were detected. The results indicate that this intervention could be implemented and delivered to family members during ongoing palliative care.
|
|
| 19. |
- Henriksson, Anette, et al.
(författare)
-
Meeting needs of family members of persons with life-threatening illness : a support group program during ongoing palliative care
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Palliative & Supportive Care. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1478-9515 .- 1478-9523. ; 9:3, s. 263-271
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to describe family members’ experiences of content, structure, and approach of a potential intervention including a support group program for family members of persons with life-threatening illness.Method: The study was a pilot project in a developmental phase in which a potential intervention, a support group program, was investigated. The design of the study was qualitative descriptive. Twenty-nine family members were interviewed by telephone after taking part in the program. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: The results indicate that the support group program could work as an acceptable and useful intervention for family members. The program was experienced to cover topics of immediate interest reflecting life close to severely ill persons. The structure of the program was found to be inviting, offering an opportunity to establish relationships with other participants and the caring team in a warm atmosphere.Significance of results: The study indicates the importance of health professionals inviting and interacting with family members during ongoing palliative care. The results could inspire nursing staff to initiate, develop, and deliver similar interventions.
|
|
| 20. |
- Henriksson, Aron, et al.
(författare)
-
Synonym Extraction of Medical Terms from Clinical Text Using Combinations of Word Space Models
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Semantic Mining in Biomedicine (SMBM 2012). - 9783033038233 ; 2012, s. 10-17
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In information extraction, it is useful to know if two signifiers have the same or very similar semantic content. Maintaining such information in a controlled vocabulary is, however, costly. Here it is demonstrated how synonyms of medical terms can be extracted automatically from a large corpus of clinical text using distributional semantics. By combining Random Indexing and Random Permutation, different lexical semantic aspects are captured, effectively increasing our ability to identify synonymic relations between terms. 44% of 340 synonym pairs from MeSH are successfully extracted in a list of ten suggestions. The models can also be used to map abbreviations to their full-length forms; simple pattern-based filtering of the suggestions yields substantial improvements.
|
|
| 21. |
- Henriksson (Alvariza), Anette
(författare)
-
A support group programme for family members : an intervention during ongoing palliative care
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Family members are central in providing care for patients with lifethreatening illness, but they often experience a lack of necessary preparation and knowledge, with a need for information and psychosocial support. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate participant’s experiences as well as effects of a support group programme for family members of patients with life-threatening illness during ongoing palliative care.Methods: A mixed method design was used. Study I was retrospective descriptive and used a phenomenological method to analyse 10 face-to-face interviews about experiences of participating in the programme. Study II was retrospective descriptive and used qualitative content analysis to analyse 29 telephone interviews about experiences of the programme design. Study III was correlational and used a confirmatory factor analysis to psychometrically evaluate the preparedness for caregiving scale(PCS), caregiver competence scale(CCS) and rewards of caregiving scale(RCS) in 124 family members. Study IV was prospective quasi-experimental and used interferential statistics to investigate effects of the programme, assessing preparedness, competence, rewards, anxiety, depression, hope and health in 125 family members.Results: The main experiences of participation in the programme were; a sense of safety and belonging, confirmation, insight into the gravity of the illness, and a moment of rest. The programme was experienced as covering topics of interest, structured to make participants feel invited by the caring team and using an open approach that fostered a warm atmosphere. The Swedish versions of PCS, CCS and RCS were shown to be valid and reliable. Family members who participated in the programme significantly increased in preparedness, competence and rewards in relation to caregiving. No significant changes were shown for anxiety, depression, hope and health.Clinical implications: The results should provide encouragement in the challenging work to develop and deliverer interventions, with the explicit purpose of supporting family members in palliative care.
|
|
| 22. |
- Henriksson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge about Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and attitudes to medical care seeking : a comparison between patients and the general public
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 2:4, s. 372-378
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with acute myocardial infarction often have long decision times before seeking medical care. The decision time is influenced by knowledge of AMI-symptoms, psychological factors and the response of people near the patient to the symptoms.Aim:To investigate and compare the knowledge of AMI, intended actions in response to AMI-symptoms and attitudes toward seeking medical care of patients and the general public. Method: This was a multicentre study with descriptive and comparative design, using questionnaires as an instrument. The population consisted of AMI-patients and representatives of the general public.Results: There was good knowledge about typical AMI-symptoms among the participants. The majority thought an AMI always starts suddenly. Patients did not know more about the time-dependency of treatment outcome than the general public. A greater proportion of the general public would contact an additional person before consulting medical professionals.Conclusions: Patients had no better knowledge about AMI than the general public, but would more commonly act appropriately in case of AMI-symptoms.
|
|
| 23. |
- Henriksson, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowledge and attitudes toward seeking medical care for AMI-symptoms
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 147:2, s. 224-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Time is crucial when an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs, but patients often wait before seeking medical care. Aim: To investigate and compare patients' and relatives' knowledge of AMI, attitudes toward seeking medical care, and intended behaviour if AMI-symptoms occur. Methods: The present study was a descriptive, multicentre study. Participants were AMI-patients <= 75 years (n = 364) and relatives to AMI-patients (n = 319). Questionnaires were used to explore the participants' knowledge of AMI and attitudes toward seeking medical care. Results: Both patients and relatives appeared to act more appropriate to someone else's chest pain than to their own. Patients did not have better knowledge of AMI-symptoms than relatives. Women would more often contact someone else before seeking medical care. A greater percentage of elderly (65-75 years), compared to younger individuals, reported that they would call for an ambulance if chest pain occurred. Conclusions: There were only minor differences between patients and relatives, regarding both knowledge and attitudes. It seems easier to act correctly as a bystander than as a patient. Therefore, in order to decrease patients' delay time it is important to educate relatives as well as patients on how to respond to symptoms of an AMI.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Henriksson, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment and prediction of thoracic gas volume in pregnant women: an evaluation in relation to body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography
- 2013
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 109:1, s. 111-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessment of body fat (BF) in pregnant women is important when investigating the relationship between maternal nutrition and offspring health. Convenient and accurate body composition methods applicable during pregnancy are therefore needed. Air displacement plethysmography, as applied in Bod Pod, represents such a method since it can assess body volume (BV) which, in combination with body weight, can be used to calculate body density and body composition. However, BV must be corrected for the thoracic gas volume (TGV) of the subject. In non-pregnant women, TGV may be predicted using equations, based on height and age. It is unknown, however, whether these equations are valid during pregnancy. Thus, we measured the TGV of women in gestational week 32 (n 27) by means of plethysmography and predicted their TGV using equations established for non-pregnant women. Body weight and BV of the women was measured using Bod Pod. Predicted TGV was significantly (P = 0.033) higher than measured TGV by 6% on average. Calculations in hypothetical women showed that this overestimation tended to be more pronounced in women with small TGV than in women with large TGV. The overestimation of TGV resulted in a small but significant (P = 0.043) overestimation of BF, equivalent to only 0.5% BF, on average. A Bland-Altman analysis showed that the limits of agreement were narrow (from -1.9 to 2.9% BF). Thus, although predicted TGV was biased and too high, the effect on BF was marginal and probably unimportant in many situations.
|
|
| 27. |
- Larsson, Daniel H., et al.
(författare)
-
First application of liquid-metal-jet sources for small-animal imaging : High-resolution CT and phase-contrast tumor demarcation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Medical physics (Lancaster). - : Wiley. - 0094-2405 .- 2473-4209. ; 40:2, s. 021909-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Small-animal studies require images with high spatial resolution and high contrast due to the small scale of the structures. X-ray imaging systems for small animals are often limited by the microfocus source. Here, the authors investigate the applicability of liquid-metal-jet x-ray sources for such high-resolution small-animal imaging, both in tomography based on absorption and in soft-tissue tumor imaging based on in-line phase contrast. Methods: The experimental arrangement consists of a liquid-metal-jet x-ray source, the small-animal object on a rotating stage, and an imaging detector. The source-to-object and object-to-detector distances are adjusted for the preferred contrast mechanism. Two different liquid-metal-jet sources are used, one circulating a Ga/In/Sn alloy and the other an In/Ga alloy for higher penetration through thick tissue. Both sources are operated at 40-50 W electron-beam power with similar to 7 mu m x-ray spots, providing high spatial resolution in absorption imaging and high spatial coherence for the phase-contrast imaging. Results: High-resolution absorption imaging is demonstrated on mice with CT, showing 50 mu m bone details in the reconstructed slices. High-resolution phase-contrast soft-tissue imaging shows clear demarcation of mm-sized tumors at much lower dose than is required in absorption. Conclusions: This is the first application of liquid-metal-jet x-ray sources for whole-body small-animal x-ray imaging. In absorption, the method allows high-resolution tomographic skeletal imaging with potential for significantly shorter exposure times due to the power scalability of liquid-metal-jet sources. In phase contrast, the authors use a simple in-line arrangement to show distinct tumor demarcation of few-mm-sized tumors. This is, to their knowledge, the first small-animal tumor visualization with a laboratory phase-contrast system.
|
|
| 28. |
- Lovén, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
MYCN-regulated microRNAs repress estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) expression and neuronal differentiation in human neuroblastoma.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:4, s. 1553-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MYCN, a proto-oncogene normally expressed in the migrating neural crest, is in its amplified state a key factor in the genesis of human neuroblastoma (NB). However, the mechanisms underlying MYCN-mediated NB progression are poorly understood. Here, we present a MYCN-induced miRNA signature in human NB involving the activation and transrepression of several miRNA genes from paralogous clusters. Several family members derived from the miR-17 approximately 92 cluster, including miR-18a and miR-19a, were among the up-regulated miRNAs. Expression analysis of these miRNAs in NB tumors confirmed increased levels in MYCN-amplified samples. Specifically, we show that miR-18a and miR-19a target and repress the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1), a ligand-inducible transcription factor implicated in neuronal differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated ESR1 expression in human fetal sympathetic ganglia, suggesting a role for ESR1 during sympathetic nervous system development. Concordantly, lentiviral restoration of ESR1 in NB cells resulted in growth arrest and neuronal differentiation. Moreover, lentiviral-mediated inhibition of miR-18a in NB cells led to severe growth retardation, outgrowth of varicosity-containing neurites, and induction of neuronal sympathetic differentiation markers. Bioinformatic analyses of microarray data from NB tumors revealed that high ESR1 expression correlates with increased event-free survival in NB patients and favorable disease outcome. Thus, MYCN amplification may disrupt estrogen signaling sensitivity in primitive sympathetic cells through deregulation of ESR1, thereby preventing the normal induction of neuroblast differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the molecular consequences of abnormal miRNA transcription in a MYCN-driven tumor and offer unique insights into the pathology underlying MYCN-amplified NB.
|
|
| 29. |
- Lundström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
X-ray phase contrast with injected gas for tumor microangiography
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 59:11, s. 2801-2811
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that the microvasculature of mouse tumors can be visualized using propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging with gas as the contrast agent. The large density difference over the gas-tissue interface provides high contrast, allowing the imaging of small-diameter blood vessels with relatively short exposure times and low dose using a compact liquid-metal-jet x-ray source. The method investigated is applied to tumors (E1A/Ras-transformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts) grown in mouse ears, demonstrating sub-15-mu m-diameter imaging of their blood vessels. The exposure time for a 2D projection image is a few seconds and a full tomographic 3D map takes some minutes. The method relies on the strength of the vasculature to withstand the gas pressure. Given that tumor vessels are known to be more fragile than normal vessels, we investigate the tolerance of the vasculature of 12 tumors to gas injection and find that a majority withstand 200 mbar pressures, enough to fill 12-mu m-diameter vessels with gas. A comparison of the elasticity of tumorous and non-tumorous vessels supports the assumption of tumor vessels being more fragile. Finally, we conclude that the method has the potential to be extended to the imaging of 15 mu m vessels in thick tissue, including mouse imaging, making it of interest for, e.g., angiogenesis research.
|
|
| 30. |
- Lövdahl, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence, mortality rates and causes of deaths in haemophilia patients in Sweden.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216. ; 19:3, s. 362-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has been a pioneer in the treatment of haemophilia, with the first concentrate available in the 1950s. Treatment has improved over the years to its current state-of-the art. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of haemophilia in terms of incidence, morbidity and mortality. Patients diagnosed with haemophilia A or B registered at the national haemophilia centres and/or the Patient Registry and born before 2009 and alive in 1968 were enrolled and linked to the Cause of Death-, Migration- and Medical Birth registries. Five age- and sex-matched controls were selected for each patient. A total of 1431 patients with haemophilia A or B were compared with 7150 controls. The 3-year moving average incidence rate per 100 000 population varied between 21 and 36. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality compared with controls was 2.2, 95% CI: [1.8; 2.7], P < 0.001 for the entire group of patients and 1.7, 95% CI: [1.3; 2.2], P < 0.001 when patients with HIV and/or viral hepatitis were excluded. The corresponding figures for the severe haemophilia subgroup were 6.6, 95% CI: [4.5; 10.0], P < 0.001 and 8.2, 95% CI [3.2; 20.8], P < 0.001 respectively. The most common causes of death were related to malignancies and the haemostatic defect. People with haemophilia were 57% less likely to die from ischaemic heart disease than controls. People with haemophilia in Sweden demonstrate higher mortality over time, independent of HIV and viral hepatitis, despite relatively advantageous access to clotting factor concentrates.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Nyblom, Åsa
(författare)
-
Making travel sustainable with ICT? : The social practice of travel planning and travel information use in everyday life
- 2014
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Adopting the perspective of the traveller, this thesis examines how travel plans are actually made in the everyday situation and how information is used and drawn on when planning the many, often unremarkable, trips of ordinary urban life. Ethnographical field studies in southern Stockholm, Sweden, employing a practice theory perspective showed that people use a vast mixture of different types of information when planning and making trips. Therefore, the concept of travel information should be defined broadly enough to encompass informal, formal, analogue and digital types of travel information. Then, and only then, is it possible to perceive the interactions between these and see their potential as a change factor for sustainable city travel. In relation to this, situations when travel information was not used, were also identified in the qualitative data and are acknowledged and discussed in the thesis.Travel planning is in everyday practice undertaken little by little, squeezed in between other activities of daily life. It is a process more extended in time, space and content than the limited search for information about the best way to get from A to B, assumed and facilitated in many existing travel information services. Travel planning is closely connected to the overall scheduling of activities (planning of life) and thus spans much larger time frames than the single trip. Planning travel also includes consideration of issues such as preparations needed (things to be done before departure/brought on the trip); managing vehicles and equipment in time and space (getting the bicycle/car home again or safely parked); the weather (current and forecast); social relations (the potential of different travel options for relationship building or conflict triggering); social norms (e.g. of 'good parenting' or 'proper behaviour on public transport'); and health issues (wanting exercise or inability to manage stairs/luggage).The qualitative data revealed that travel information is sometimes perceived and used as a security blanket, i.e. something to hold on to and give the traveller courage on the trip until they are safe at their destination. It also showed that travel planning, depending on life situation, can be experienced as either a house of cards, i.e. if anything changes the whole house collapses and has to be rebuilt to a different layout, or a prefab building, i.e. the same prefabricated pieces are joined together in more or less the same pattern every time.Recent decades have seen rapid growth in ICT services relating to transportation. Different types of travel information services have been proposed as a means to decrease the environmental impacts of transportation through effecting behavioural change. Taking the empirical 4 insights provided by this thesis into travel planning and travel information use in practice, it is clear that travel information services of tomorrow, if connected to other ICT systems in everyday life, could be designed in a way that broadens their horizon of assistance in supporting travel planning processes in everyday life. Although, as this thesis demonstrates, the role and potential of travel information services and ICT in the work of achieving sustainable mobility should be discussed from a perspective critical of overly linear perceptions and instrumental starting points.
|
|
| 33. |
- Olsson, Hanna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Actiheart and a 7d activity diary for estimating free-living total and activity energy expenditure using criterion methods in 1 center dot 5- and 3-year-old children
- 2014
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 111:10, s. 1830-1840
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate and easy-to-use methods to assess free-living energy expenditure in response to physical activity in young children are scarce. In the present study, we evaluated the capacity of (1) 4d recordings obtained using the Actiheart (mean heart rate (mHR) and mean activity counts (mAC)) to provide assessments of total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) and (2) a 7d activity diary to provide assessments of physical activity levels (PAL) using three sets of metabolic equivalent (MET) values (PAL(Torun), PAL(Adolph) and PAL(Ainsworth)) in forty-four and thirty-one healthy Swedish children aged 1 center dot 5 and 3 years, respectively. Reference TEE, PAL(ref) and AEE were measured using criterion methods, i.e. the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. At 1 center dot 5 years of age, mHR explained 8% (P=0 center dot 006) of the variation in TEE above that explained by fat mass and fat-free mass. At 3 years of age, mHR and mAC explained 8 (P=0 center dot 004) and 6 (P=0 center dot 03)% of the variation in TEE and AEE, respectively, above that explained by fat mass and fat-free mass. At 1 center dot 5 and 3 years of age, average PAL(Ainsworth) values were 1 center dot 44 and 1 center dot 59, respectively, and not significantly different from PAL(ref) values (1 center dot 39 and 1 center dot 61, respectively). By contrast, average PAL(Torun) (1 center dot 5 and 3 years) and PAL(Adolph) (3 years) values were lower (Pless than0 center dot 05) than the corresponding PAL(ref) values. In conclusion, at both ages, Actiheart recordings explained a small but significant fraction of free-living energy expenditure above that explained by body composition variables, and our activity diary produced mean PAL values in agreement with reference values when using MET values published by Ainsworth.
|
|
| 34. |
- Regardt, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Hand exercise intervention in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis : a pilot study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Musculoskeletal Care. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1478-2189 .- 1557-0681. ; 12:3, s. 160-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to develop a 12-week hand exercise intervention for patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) and evaluate adherence, patients' opinions of the programme design and overall feasibility, and the effect on hand function and activity limitation after the intervention.METHOD: A pilot hand exercise intervention was conducted on a convenience sample of 15 patients with reduced handgrip strength and established, inactive PM and DM. Acceptable adherence was set at 75%. The programme was evaluated based on patients' opinions regarding exertion, the movements involved and overall feasibility. Hand- and pinch-grip strength, grip ability, dexterity and activity limitation were assessed.RESULTS: Eleven of 15 patients completed the intervention, with acceptable adherence of 78-100%. Measures of handgrip strength, dexterity and activity limitation were reduced at baseline compared with normative data from the literature. Throughout the intervention, rates of perceived exertion were scored between 'moderate' and 'fairly strong'. Finger abduction and adduction were excluded from the hand exercise programme because they were not feasible to perform. Repetitions of the exercise increased gradually to a maximum of 30 per movement. Patients regarded this as too time-consuming and suggested ten repetitions daily or 10-20 repetitions 2-4 times per week. There were some individual, clinically meaningful improvements in hand function and activity limitation. A comparison between baseline and after the intervention showed that the three-jaw (tripod) pinch-grip strength (left hand) had increased (p < 0.007; z = -2.7).CONCLUSION: A hand exercise programme was found to be feasible to perform by patients with established PM or DM. The effect was limited, with few individual improvements in hand function and activity limitation, indicating a need to increase the resistance in the movements and to limit the duration of each exercise session.
|
|
| 35. |
- Tingström, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Ro52 autoantibody-positive women's experience of being pregnant and giving birth to a child with congenital heart block
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 29:1, s. 18-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: congenital heart block may develop in the fetus of women with Ro/SSA autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to investigate how women expecting a child with congenital heart block (CHB) experienced their pregnancy and post-partum period.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: women giving birth to a child with CHB in Sweden during 2000-2009 were identified in a population-based manner and individually interviewed post-pregnancy using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews (n=21) were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed by qualitative content analysis.FINDINGS: three categories emerged from the responses: learning, suspense and facing. Learning contained both learning about the child's heart block, but frequently also about autoantibody-positivity and a potential rheumatic diagnosis in the mother (16/21). The medical procedures and information differed considerably depending on the area of residence and who was encountered in the health-care system. In many cases, ignorance about this rare condition caused a delay in treatment and surveillance. Suspense described the women's struggle to cope with the feeling of guilt and that the child had a serious heart condition and might not survive the pregnancy. Facing included the post-partum period, leaving the hospital and adjusting to everyday life. The women had tended to put their pregnancies 'on hold', and some described that they needed prolonged time to bond with their newborn child.CONCLUSION: increased awareness and knowledge of CHB are needed to provide adequate care. Offering psychological support by a health-care professional to facilitate early bonding with the child should be considered.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: there is a need for structured programs for surveillance of the pregnancies. Such programme should implement guidelines for the involved personnel in the chain of care and make relevant information accessible for the women and families.
|
|
| 36. |
- Tingström, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
-
The experiences of pregnancy in women with SSA/Ro52 autoantibodies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Musculoskeletal Care. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1478-2189 .- 1557-0681. ; 8:4, s. 215-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Congenital heart block may develop in the foetus during pregnancy in SSA/Ro52 autoantibody-positive women. The aim of this study was to investigate how women with SSA/Ro52 autoantibodies experience their pregnancy in terms of the risk of developing foetal heart block, and in undergoing serial ultrasound Doppler echocardiography to detect early signs of congenital heart block.METHODS: Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with SSA/Ro52-positive women post-pregnancy (n = 14). The interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed according to qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: Three categories emerged from the responses: information, emotional response and support. The information received prior to and during early pregnancy was focused on the need for attending a specialized antenatal clinic, and information on the risk for congenital heart block was scarce or missing. During gestational weeks 18-24, when the ultrasound/Doppler examinations were performed, all women described increased stress. However, the interaction with the caregivers made the women feel more safe and secure. Several women also said that they did not emotionally acknowledge the pregnancy until after gestational week 24. None had been offered psychological support.CONCLUSION: There is a need for structured information and organized programmes for the surveillance of women who are SSA/Ro52 positive during their pregnancy. Further, offering psychological support to the women and their families to manage the stress and to facilitate the early attachment to the child should be considered.
|
|
| 37. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
-
Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
|
|
| 38. |
- Zirath, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
MYC inhibition induces metabolic changes leading to accumulation of lipid droplets in tumor cells
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 110:25, s. 10258-10263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MYC genes are the most frequently activated oncogenes in human tumors and are hence attractive therapeutic targets. MYCN amplification leads to poor clinical outcome in childhood neuroblastoma, yet strategies to modulate the function of MYCN do not exist. Here we show that 10058-F4, a characterized c-MYC/Max inhibitor, also targets the MYCN/Max interaction, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and neuronal differentiation in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells and to increased survival of MYCN transgenic mice. We also report the discovery that inhibition of MYC is accompanied by accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in tumor cells as a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. This study expands on the current knowledge of how MYC proteins control the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, especially highlighting lipid metabolism and the respiratory chain as important pathways involved in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. Together our data support direct MYC inhibition as a promising strategy for the treatment of MYC-driven tumors.
|
|
| 39. |
- Åsberg, Signild, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced Risk of Death with Warfarin : Results of an Observational Nationwide Study of 20 442 Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 8:8, s. 689-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWarfarin is demonstrated to be superior in efficacy over antiplatelet agents (AP) for the prevention of stroke, but the relationship between warfarin and mortality is less clear. Our aim was to investigate this relationship in a large cohort of unselected patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke.MethodsThis observational study was based on patients who were discharged alive and registered in the Swedish Stroke Register in 2001 through 2005. Vital status was retrieved by linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We calculated a propensity score for the likelihood of warfarin prescription at discharge from hospital. The risk of death and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in Cox regression models.ResultsOut of the 20 442 patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke (mean age=79.5 years), 31% (n=6399) were prescribed warfarin. After adjustment for the propensity score, warfarin was associated with a reduced risk of death (0.67; 95% CI, 0.63-0.71). The crude rate (per 100 person-years) of fatal non-hemorrhagic stroke was lower in patients who received warfarin (1.60; 95% CI, 1.34-1.89) compared to those who received AP (6.83; 95% CI, 6.42-7.25). The rates (per 100 person-years) of fatal hemorrhagic stroke were 0.21 (95% CI, 0.12-0.32) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.34-0.55) in patients prescribed warfarin and AP therapy, respectively.ConclusionsIn addition to its established benefit for stroke prevention, warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke was associated with a reduced risk of death, without an increased risk of fatal hemorrhagic stroke.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Åsberg, Signild, et al.
(författare)
-
Warfarin-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Ischemic Stroke
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : American Heart Association. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 45:7, s. 2118-2120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with ischemic stroke taking warfarin and whether this risk changed over time.METHODS: Between 2001 and 2008, the Swedish Stroke Register registered 12 790 patients with ischemic stroke discharged on warfarin. The patients was studied in two 4-year periods (inclusion 2001-2004: follow-up until 2005 and inclusion 2005-2008: follow-up until 2009) for which rates of subsequent ICH were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios, comparing the second period with the first period, were estimated in Cox regression models.RESULTS: Of 6039 patients, 58 patients (1.0%) in the first period and 69 of 6751 patients (1.0%) in the second period had subsequent ICH. Annual rates of ICH ranged from 0.37% in the first period to 0.39% in the second period (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.48).CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide study, the risk of warfarin-associated ICH among ischemic stroke patients was low and did not change during the 2000s.
|
|
