| 1. |
- Berglund, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Acetylation and Sugar Composition Influence the (In)Solubility of Plant beta-Mannans and Their Interaction with Cellulose Surfaces
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 8:27, s. 10027-10040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant beta-mannans are complex heteropolysaccharides that represent an abundant resource from lignocellulosic biomass. The influence of the molecular motifs of plant mannans on the backbone flexibility, solubility, and the interaction with cellulose was investigated by computational and experimental approaches. The regioselectivity of the acetyl substitutions at C2 and C3 distinctively influenced backbone flexibility in aqueous media, as revealed by molecular dynamic simulations. The molecular weight and degree of acetylation were tailored for two model seed mannans (galactomannan and glucomannan) and compared to spruce acetylated galactoglucomannan. The thermal stability was enhanced with increasing acetyl substitutions, independently of the type of mannan. Dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy revealed that the occurrence of galactosylation and a low degree of acetylation (similar to that of native acetylated galactoglucomannans) enhanced solubility/dispersibility of mannans, whereas the solubility/dispersibility decreased for higher degrees of acetylation. Mannan solubility influenced their interactions with cellulose at water-cellulose interfaces in terms of adsorbed mass and viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed mannan layers. Our results reveal that modulating the molecular motifs of plant beta-mannans influences their macromolecular conformation and physicochemical properties, with fundamental implications for their role in the plant cell wall and the design of wood-based materials.
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| 2. |
- Berglund, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
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Wood hemicelluloses exert distinct biomechanical contributions to cellulose fibrillar networks
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemicelluloses, a family of heterogeneous polysaccharides with complex molecular structures, constitute a fundamental component of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the contribution of each hemicellulose type to the mechanical properties of secondary plant cell walls remains elusive. Here we homogeneously incorporate different combinations of extracted and purified hemicelluloses (xylans and glucomannans) from softwood and hardwood species into self-assembled networks during cellulose biosynthesis in a bacterial model, without altering the morphology and the crystallinity of the cellulose bundles. These composite hydrogels can be therefore envisioned as models of secondary plant cell walls prior to lignification. The incorporated hemicelluloses exhibit both a rigid phase having close interactions with cellulose, together with a flexible phase contributing to the multiscale architecture of the bacterial cellulose hydrogels. The wood hemicelluloses exhibit distinct biomechanical contributions, with glucomannans increasing the elastic modulus in compression, and xylans contributing to a dramatic increase of the elongation at break under tension. These diverging effects cannot be explained solely from the nature of their direct interactions with cellulose, but can be related to the distinct molecular structure of wood xylans and mannans, the multiphase architecture of the hydrogels and the aggregative effects amongst hemicellulose-coated fibrils. Our study contributes to understanding the specific roles of wood xylans and glucomannans in the biomechanical integrity of secondary cell walls in tension and compression and has significance for the development of lignocellulosic materials with controlled assembly and tailored mechanical properties.
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| 3. |
- Gruneau, Lina, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Precision i hälsoekonomiska utvärderingsresultat och osäkerhet i prioriteringsbeslut
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tandvårds- och läkemedelsförmånsverket (TLV) genomför på uppdrag av regeringen ett arbete med att utveckla metoder för hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar av precisionsmedicin och betalningsmodeller för avancerade terapiläkemedel (ATMP). TLV redovisar i sin andra rapport inom ramen för uppdraget ett antal nya möjliga metoder som kan användas i en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering för att värdera huruvida de priser som företagen efterfrågar är rimliga i förhållande till läkemedlens nytta. Eftersom hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar alltid är behäftade med osäkerhet i skattningarna är frågan om hur osäkerhet skall analyseras och beskrivas central för precisionsmedicin och ATMP då dataunderlagen ofta är knapphändiga. I en slutsats från ett tidigare arbete om utmaningarna med att utvärdera kostnader och hälsoeffekter inom ramen för precisionsmedicin konstaterades det att osäkerheten i skattningarna av kostnadseffektivitet kommer att öka när patientpopulationerna som utvärderas blir allt mindre. Vidare framgick det i de tidigare arbetena att TLVs ansats för att beskriva och analysera osäkerhet inte alltid är helt tydlig. Som en del i TLVs regeringsuppdrag ingår det att beskriva och tydliggöra osäkerheter i skattningar av kostnadseffektivitet samt hur dessa osäkerhet kan påverka osäkerhet i prioriteringsbeslut och den här rapporten är en del i det arbetet.Rapporten är fristående från den rapport som TLV skrivit inom ramen för regeringsuppdraget men har som mål att ge en kompletterande beskrivning av de osäkerheter som oftast föreligger när hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar utgör en del av ett underlag för prioriteringsbeslut. Förhoppningen är att denna rapport tillsammans med TLVs rapport ska stimulera till fortsatt diskussion om potentiella lösningar för att hantera utmaningar inte bara med precisionsmedicin och ATMP utan även med beslutsfattande under osäkerhet generellt inom hälso- och sjukvården.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Tornet vid havet - ledtrådar till historien bakom Hagbards källare
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arkeologi i Blekinge. - 9789198346534 ; , s. 49-51
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Strax sydöst om Ronneby i anslutning till Angelåns utlopp i Angelskogsviken, öster om Ronnebyhamn , ligger en anläggning som i folkmun kallas ”Hagbards källare”. Det utgör resterna av ett medeltida torn. Artikeln berättar om de preliminära resultaten av en arkeologisk undersökning 2021.
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| 6. |
- Heinonen, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Xylan adsorption on cellulose : Preferred alignment and local surface immobilizing effect
- 2022
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 285, s. 119221-119221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interaction between xylan and cellulose microfibrils is required to maintain the integrity of secondary cell walls. However, the mechanisms governing their assembly and the effects on cellulose surface polymers are not fully clear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study xylan adsorption onto hydrated cellulose fibrils. Based on multiple spontaneous adsorption simulations it is shown that an antiparallel orientation is thermodynamically preferred over a parallel one, and that adsorption is accompanied by the formation of regular but orientation-dependent hydrogen bond patterns. Furthermore, xylan adsorption restricts the local dynamics of the adjacent glucose residues in the surface layer to a level of the crystalline core, which is manifested as a three-fold increase in their 13C NMR T1 relaxation time. These results suggest that xylan forms a rigid and ordered layer around the cellulose fibril that functions as a transition phase to more flexible and disordered polysaccharide and lignin domains.
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| 7. |
- Henriksson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A review on chemical mechanisms of kraft pulping
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kraft pulping of wood is based on efficient depolymerization and solubilization of lignin, while cellulose is relatively undamaged. Non-cellulose cell wall polysaccharides are however in some cases heavily degraded, especially pectin and to a lesser degree also glucomannan while, xylan is relatively stable. In this mini-review, the most important reactions in lignin and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping are described, both the technically favorable and the problematic reactions, and the chemical background to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the process. An attempt to put the different reactions in the perspective of the goals of the pulping process is made and a special focus is on the development of color in the pulp fiber during the kraft pulping.
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| 8. |
- Henriksson, Mikael, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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An Architecture for Grant-Free Random Access Massive Machine Type Communication Using Coordinate Descent
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Fifty-Fourth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. - Pacific Grove, CA, USA : IEEE. - 9781665447072 - 9780738131269 ; , s. 1112-1116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An implementation of activity detection for grant-free massive machine type communication is presented. The implemented algorithm is based on coordinate descent which shows a rapid convergence time. A number of modifications to the original algorithm is proposed to allow efficient implementation in hardware. In addition, the implementation is based on fixed-point representation, and, hence, exhaustive word length simulations have been performed for the different processing steps.
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| 9. |
- Henriksson, Mikael, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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APyTypes: Algorithmic Data Types in Python for Efficient Simulation of Finite Word-Length Effects
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE 31st Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH). - Malaga, Spain : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350384321 - 9798350384338 ; , s. 72-75
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Python library, APyTypes, suitable for simulating and exploring finite word-length effects is presented. The library supports configurable bit-accurate fixed- and floating-point types of both scalars and multidimensional arrays and uses a C++ backend to accelerate runtime performance. The underlying design principles of the library are introduced and examples show how it can be used. We argue that APyTypes have significant advantages over existing arithmetic libraries, especially from a hardware design perspective. Finally, some directions for further work are outlined.
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| 10. |
- Henriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Estimation of Temporal Episode Patterns in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 0018-9294. ; 68:1, s. 319-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The present study proposes a model-based, statistical approach to characterizing episode patterns in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Thanks to the rapid advancement of noninvasive monitoring technology, the proposed approach should become increasingly relevant in clinical practice. Methods: History-dependent point process modeling is employed to characterize AF episode patterns, using a novel alternating, bivariate Hawkes self-exciting model. In addition, a modified version of a recently proposed statistical model to simulate AF progression throughout a lifetime is considered, involving non-Markovian rhythm switching and survival functions. For each model, the maximum likelihood estimator is derived and used to find the model parameters from observed data. Results: Using three databases with a total of 59 long-term ECG recordings, the goodness-of-fit analysis demonstrates that the proposed alternating, bivariate Hawkes model fits SR-to-AF transitions in 40 recordings and AF-to-SR transitions in 51; the corresponding numbers for the AF model with non-Markovian rhythm switching are 40 and 11, respectively. Moreover, the results indicate that the model parameters related to AF episode clustering, i.e., aggregation of temporal AF episodes, provide information complementary to the well-known clinical parameter AF burden. Conclusion: Point process modeling provides a detailed characterization of the occurrence pattern of AF episodes that may improve the understanding of arrhythmia progression.
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| 11. |
- Henriksson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term reproducibility of parameters characterizing atrial fibrillatory waves
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers in Biology and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4825. ; 117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study reproducibility of f-wave parameters in terms of inter- and intrapatient variation. Approach: Five parameters are investigated: dominant atrial frequency (DAF), f-wave amplitude, phase dispersion, spectral organization, and spatiotemporal variability. For each parameter, the variance ratio R, defined as the ratio between inter- and intrapatient variance, is computed; a larger R corresponds to better stability and reproducibility. The study population consists of 20 high-quality ECGs recorded from patients with atrial fibrillation (11/9 paroxysmal/persistent). Main results: The well-established parameters DAF and f-wave amplitude were associated with considerably larger R-values (13.1 and 21.0, respectively) than phase dispersion (2.4), spectral organization (2.4), andspatiotemporal variability (2.7). The use of an adaptive harmonic frequency tracker to estimate the DAF resulted in a larger R (13.1) than did block-based maximum likelihood estimation (6.3). Significance: This study demonstrates a noticeable difference in reproducibility among f-wave parameters, a resultwhich should be taken into account when performing f-wave analysis.
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| 12. |
- Henriksson, Mikael, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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Streaming Matrix Transposition on FPGAs Using Distributed Memories
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS). - Aalborg, Denmark : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9798350337570 - 9798350337587
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matrix transposition, the procedure of swapping rows and columns of a matrix, has applications in various signal processing applications, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, data compression, and multidimensional fast Fourier transforms – which are used in MIMO radar systems. In low-latency high-throughput streaming applications, specialized circuits for matrix transposition are needed in order to perform transposition in real-time. This is in contrast to "slower" applications, where transposition can be adequately performed by storing a matrix in a shared memory and afterward reading it back in a transposed order. In this paper, a design procedure for streaming matrix transposition on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using distributed memories is presented. It is shown that significantly fewer FPGA resources are required for small- to medium-sized streaming matrix transpositions compared to recent related works.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Säkerhetskultur och självkörande fordon och maskiner
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Självkörande fordon inom transportsektorn befinner sig ännu i utvecklingsstadiet. Att införa självkörande fordon och maskiner i befintliga verksamheter innebär ofta förändringar både i organisationen och den fysiska miljön och kan även innebära nya risker. I detta sammanhang kan säkerhetskulturen, både hos utvecklare och hos användare, spela viktig roll för att självkörande fordon och maskiner ska fungera säkert och effektivt i olika verksamheter. Projektets mål har varit att utveckla metoder för att förbättra säkerhetskultur där människor och automatiserad teknik samverkar som agenter i ett gemensamt system, samt att utveckla mätverktyg där hållbarhet, jämställdhet och säkerhet utvärderas för införande av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Projektet har utgått ifrån fallstudier från två olika domäner – självkörande bussar och självkörande industritruckar. Intervjuer har genomförts med utvecklare, kunder och slutanvändare. En enkät har tagits fram att mäta säkerhetskultur, jämställdhetskultur och hållbarhetskultur i organisationer som utvecklar självkörande fordon. Utöver detta har data från incidentrapporter analyserats. Lärdomarna från resultaten och projektdeltagarnas tidigare erfarenheter har resulterat i ett första utkast av en processmodell där säkerhetskultur integreras i utvecklingen av självkörande fordon och maskiner. Intervjuerna med utvecklare och kunder av självkörande fordon visade att säkerhetskultur inte var ett etablerat begrepp vare sig hos utvecklarna eller hos kunderna och att det därför inte var en faktor som man medvetet beaktade. Lärdomar från enkäten var att det finns skillnader mellan produktföretag och som markant påverkar formuleringar av frågeställningar. Det gick inte att fastställa om det föreligger kopplingar mellan hållbarhets-, jämställdhets- och säkerhetskultur. Fallstudien med bussarna visade bland annat att kund och leverantör pratar om olika typer av säkerhet samt att säkerheten ofta, men inte alltid, är prioriterad över effektiviteten. Utifrån analyserna av incidentdata från självkörande bussar samt förarlösa industritruckar har en lista med förslag på nyckeltal för att kunna analysera incidenter med självkörande fordon tagits fram inom projektet.
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| 14. |
- Lindén, Pär A., et al.
(författare)
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Adapting the kraft cooking process in glycerol media. Studies of impregnation kinetics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : De Gruyter Open Ltd. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 38:1, s. 9-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although organosolv processes using high-boiling solvents have been investigated in recent decades for developing novel industrial processes, there are potential benefits of using high-boiling point solvents for traditional sulphate-based cooking processes, both from an industrial perspective and from a laboratory perspective. Using high-boiling solvents, experiments can be done under atmospheric conditions, thus making it easier to continually monitor laboratory experiments and extracting aliquots at desired intervals. Using such a system, alkaline consumption was monitored during impregnation of spruce chips in glycerol media using chemical charges of 1 M NaOH and 0.1 M NaHS, i. e., kraft pulping conditions, and compared to a similar investigation of alkaline consumption in water media using steel autoclaves. The resulting data was fitted to a first order kinetic model, with an apparent activation energy of 22 kJ mol-1 in glycerol media. Finally, a "normal quality pulp"of kappa number 28 and a viscosity of 1113 ml g-1 was successful produced using a cooking process with an impregnation step at 140 °C for 3 h and a cooking step at 160 °C for 4 h. A nuclear magnetic resonance study on the dissolved lignin produced for said experiment showed characteristics typical of other kraft lignins.
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| 15. |
- Lindén, Pär A., et al.
(författare)
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Stabilising mannose using sodium dithionite at alkaline conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 74:2, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kraft process remains the dominant-chemical pulping process but still struggles with extensive hemicellulose degradation. Such degradation has previously been mitigated through the use of anthraquinone; but due to it recently being found to have carcinogenic properties, anthraquinone is now being phased out. One alternative, sodium dithionite, was initially investigated in the 1950s but was found to be unviable. The present study investigated whether sodium dithionite could be made viable through the use of different processing parameters, using mannose as a model compound and measuring the yield of mannitol in the various systems using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Alkalinity was found to be crucial; at pH 14 as well as pH 7, dithionite indeed proved unviable, but if pH was kept at either 8 or 10 significant reduction was seen to occur. The best results were obtained at pH 10 when a lower temperature (70 degrees C) was used to compensate for alkaline degradation of the mannose reactant.
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| 16. |
- Lundin, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections with digital mobile microscopy and artificial intelligence in a resource-limited setting
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 18:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases and result in a major disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, especially in school-aged children. Improved diagnostic methods, especially for light intensity infections, are needed for efficient, control and elimination of STHs as a public health problem, as well as STH management. Image-based artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for STH detection in digitized stool samples. However, the diagnostic accuracy of AI-based analysis of entire microscope slides, so called whole-slide images (WSI), has previously not been evaluated on a sample-level in primary healthcare settings in STH endemic countries.Methodology/Principal findings: Stool samples (n = 1,335) were collected during 2020 from children attending primary schools in Kwale County, Kenya, prepared according to the Kato-Katz method at a local primary healthcare laboratory and digitized with a portable whole-slide microscopy scanner and uploaded via mobile networks to a cloud environment. The digital samples of adequate quality (n = 1,180) were split into a training (n = 388) and test set (n = 792) and a deep-learning system (DLS) developed for detection of STHs. The DLS findings were compared with expert manual microscopy and additional visual assessment of the digital samples in slides with discordant results between the methods. Manual microscopy detected 15 (1.9%) Ascaris lumbricoides, 172 (21.7%) Tricuris trichiura and 140 (17.7%) hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus) infections in the test set. Importantly, more than 90% of all STH positive cases represented light intensity infections. With manual microscopy as the reference standard, the sensitivity of the DLS as the index test for detection of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm was 80%, 92% and 76%, respectively. The corresponding specificity was 98%, 90% and 95%. Notably, in 79 samples (10%) classified as negative by manual microscopy for a specific species, STH eggs were detected by the DLS and confirmed correct by visual inspection of the digital samples.Conclusions/Significance: Analysis of digitally scanned stool samples with the DLS provided high diagnostic accuracy for detection of STHs. Importantly, a substantial number of light intensity infections were missed by manual microscopy but detected by the DLS. Thus, analysis of WSIs with image-based AI may provide a future tool for improved detection of STHs in a primary healthcare setting, which in turn could facilitate monitoring and evaluation of control programs.
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| 17. |
- Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Tower Assistant Functionality and Design : Planning, Analysis and Operative Interfaces based on Workshops with ATCOs
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi Remote Tower Operations (MRTO), where one ATCO has the responsibility of two airports simultaneously, have become an important means to reduce the cost for air traffic control at small regional airports in Sweden without sacrificing safety or service levels. A challenge in MRTO is to keep normal movements operational on an airport while there is busy traffic on the second airport handled by the same ATCO. Earlier work has described the potential of using a digital tower assistant (DiTA), an automation that handles the communication and monitoring of e.g. a single, simple approach and landing on an airport with an otherwise empty sky, while the ATCO needs to focus their attention on the other airport. In this paper we let two interaction designers analyse the interview material from a recent study with five experienced ATCOs, each performing two scenarios using DiTA, and present the conclusions made from an interaction design perspective.
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| 18. |
- Martin-Yebra, Alba, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Atrial Fibrillation Episodes Using a Point Process Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 11th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations : Computation and Modelling in Physiology: New Challenges and Opportunities, ESGCO 2020 - Computation and Modelling in Physiology: New Challenges and Opportunities, ESGCO 2020. - 9781728157511
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study is to introduce a point process model for characterizing the pattern of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes. A variant of the bivariate Hawkes process is proposed, accounting for clustered episodes. The model parameters are inferred by the maximum likelihood method. The goodness-of-fit analysis show that model fits the data in most of the recordings (27 out of 32). The information provided by this approach is complementary to AF burden.
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| 19. |
- Martin-Yebra, Alba, et al.
(författare)
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Model-Based Characterization of Atrial Fibrillation Episodes and its Clinical Association
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 Computing in Cardiology, CinC 2020. - 2325-887X .- 2325-8861. - 9781728173825 ; 2020-September
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies investigating risk factors associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) have mostly focused on AF presence and burden, disregarding the temporal distribution of AF episodes although such information can be relevant. In the present study, the alternating, bivariate Hawkes model was used to characterize paroxysmal AF episode patterns. Two parameters: the intensity ratio µ, describing the dominating rhythm (AF or non-AF) and the exponential decay ß 1, providing information on clustering, were investigated in relation to AF burden and atrial echocardiographic measurements. Both µ and ß1were weakly correlated with atrial volume (r=0.19 and r=0.34, respectively), whereas µ was correlated with atrial strain (r=-0.74, p=0.1) and AF burden (r=0.68, p=0.05). Weak correlation between ß1 and AF burden was found (r=0.29). Atrial structural remodeling is associated with changes in AF characteristics, often manifested as episodes of increasing duration, thus µ may reflect the degree of atrial electrical and structural remodeling. Moreover, clustering information (ß1) is complementary information to AF burden, which may be useful for understanding arrhythmia progression and risk assessment of ischemic stroke.
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| 20. |
- Nasr, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid, non-invasive, clinical surveillance for CachExia, sarcopenia, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma in end-stage liver disease : the ACCESS-ESLD study protocol
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-230X. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Liver cirrhosis, the advanced stage of many chronic liver diseases, is associated with escalated risks of liver-related complications like decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis patients are linked to portal hypertension, sarcopenia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although conventional cirrhosis management centered on treating complications, contemporary approaches prioritize preemptive measures. This study aims to formulate novel blood- and imaging-centric methodologies for monitoring liver cirrhosis patients.METHODS: In this prospective study, 150 liver cirrhosis patients will be enrolled from three Swedish liver clinics. Their conditions will be assessed through extensive blood-based markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI protocol encompasses body composition profile with Muscle Assement Score, portal flow assessment, magnet resonance elastography, and a abbreviated MRI for HCC screening. Evaluation of lifestyle, muscular strength, physical performance, body composition, and quality of life will be conducted. Additionally, DNA, serum, and plasma biobanking will facilitate future investigations.DISCUSSION: The anticipated outcomes involve the identification and validation of non-invasive blood- and imaging-oriented biomarkers, enhancing the care paradigm for liver cirrhosis patients. Notably, the temporal evolution of these biomarkers will be crucial for understanding dynamic changes.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, registration identifier NCT05502198. Registered on 16 August 2022. Link: https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/ct2/show/NCT05502198 .
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Raj, Rishabh, et al.
(författare)
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Performance Mapping of a Linear Induction Machine for Hyperloop Applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 427-433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the future, faster-electrified means of transportation are a necessity for more sustainable technologies. The use of Linear Induction Machines (LIM) poses an important propulsion option for high-speed transportation, particularly in hyperloop applications. Such types of high-power linear machines are complex to design and needs development without compromising too much on efficiency. The reason for the low efficiency of LIMs is high rotor losses and large airgap. Furthermore, a need to estimate the efficiency map during the runtime is necessary as high losses under constrained environments of pressure and temperature leads to significant changes in the total efficiency. Currently, LIM manufacturers do not usually provide efficiency maps with respect to an entire range of torque and speed. Thus, a design methodology and temperature-dependent efficiency maps are proposed for LIM. In accordance with the design requirements of the hyperloop pod in its entirety, a maximum speed of approximately 150km/h is achieved.
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| 23. |
- Sjöstrand, Björn, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Dewatering properties of pulps made from different parts of a Norway spruce (Picea abies)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 37:4, s. 702-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single Norway spruce tree (Picea abies) was manually fractionated into heartwood, sapwood, juvenile wood and branches. These fractions were chemically pulped, individually, in laboratory scale. The pulps were characterized and investigated in relation to dewatering behavior and sheet strength properties. An unbleached and unbeaten commercial kraft pulp from softwood fibers was used as a reference, and the fractionated pulps were within the same range in all tested properties. The fractionated pulps were then compared with each other, and fiber characteristics were used to explain differences in dewatering and strength. Heartwood pulp results in stronger and stiffer papers that are harder to dewater. Sapwood pulp gives more open network structures resulting in easy dewatering and high air permeance, although with lower strength properties compared to heartwood. Pulp from Juvenile wood gives s quite strong but brittle sheets, with efficient dewatering. Pulp from branches gives paper sheets with efficient dewatering, air permeance and relatively high elongation of break but lower strength. The results show that there is definitely potential for utilizing more parts of the trees for pulp and paper making, especially when tailoring the raw material origins after preferred paper properties.
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| 24. |
- Svagan, Anna Justina, et al.
(författare)
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Centrifuge fractionation during purification of cellulose nanocrystals after acid hydrolysis and consequences on their chiral self-assembly
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inherent colloidal dispersity (due to length, aspect ratio, surface charge heterogeneity) of CNCs, when produced using the typical traditional sulfuric acid hydrolysis route, presents a great challenge when interpreting colloidal properties and linking the CNC film nanostructure to the helicoidal self-assembly mechanism during drying. Indeed, further improvement of this CNC preparation route is required to yield films with better control over the CNC pitch and optical properties. Here we present a modified CNC-preparation protocol, by fractionating and harvesting CNCs with different average surface charges, rod lengths, aspect ratios, already during the centrifugation steps after hydrolysis. This enables faster CNC fractionation, because it is performed in a high ionic strength aqueous medium. By comparing dry films from the three CNC fractions, discrepancies in the CNC self-assembly and structural colors were clearly observed. Conclusively, we demonstrate a fast protocol to harvest different populations of CNCs, that enable tailored refinement of structural colors in CNC films.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Vegunta, Vijaya Lakshmi, et al.
(författare)
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Addition of Green and Black Liquor in Kraft Pulping of Eucalyptus dunnii wood : Possible Solutions for the Problems with Kraft Pulping Caused by High Calcium Content.
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samples of Eucalyptus dunnii with high calcium content have less good pulping properties regarding delignification and polysaccharide degradation, as it was shown by us earlier. In this work, we tested the addition of black liquor and green liquor to the Eucalyptus dunnii chips before kraft pulping, Specific improvements were obtained with both liquors, but the most substantial effect was observed with the green liquor, where even wood with the highest calcium content was pulped with a good result. Delignification was faster, and viscosity losses (degree of polymerization of cellulose) were higher for samples treated with green liquor prior to kraft pulping. Bleaching experiments showed that the bleachability of the green liquor-treated pulp was virtually the same as for a control pulp and that the higher viscosity of the bleached pulp was maintained. Possible chemical explanations for the results obtained are discussed.
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| 27. |
- Vegunta, Vijaya Lakshmi, et al.
(författare)
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High calcium content of Eucalyptus dunnii wood affects delignification and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 37:2, s. 338-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eucalyptus dunnii is cultivated in Uruguay for kraft pulping purposes. However, depending on the growth site, the kraft pulping properties of the wood vary highly, and in some cases, pulping is difficult. Different batches of wood were chemically characterized and the only significant difference related to the pulping properties was the calcium content. The calcium appears to at least partly be present in the form of crystals in the lumen. Kraft pulping experiments on wood with different calcium contents indicated that high calcium led to slower delignification, and higher yield losses. Hexeneuronic acid formation was not significantly affected. Possible mechanistic explanations for these effects are discussed.
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