| 1. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Paths to a sustainable food sector guided by LCA – exemplified by pork production
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To describe a more sustainable food sector, a supply chain approach is needed. Changing supply chains inevitably means that a range of attributes of the product and its system will change. This project will take on this challenge and deliver detailed descriptions of supply chains of six commodities from a Swedish region in 2012; Milk, cheese, beef, pork, chicken and bread. The set-up of the project was that experts on production along the supply chain design environmentally improved systems. The next step was to challenge the improvements considering their possible consequences on products and systems from different perspectives: food safety, sensory qualities, animal welfare, and consumer appreciation and (only for primary production) costs. The final supply chains were quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA), and they were again assessed from the perspectives mentioned above. Results will be generated during August 2014 and comprise both single-product LCA and region-wide impacts of the future scenarios.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Graunke, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Does rubber flooring improve welfare and production in growing bulls in fully slatted floor pens?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 20, s. 173-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the effects of concrete slats (CS), synthetic rubber slats on aluminium profiles (RS) and slotted rubber mats on concrete slats (RM) in fully slatted floor pens on behaviour, claw and leg disorders, claw horn growth, cleanliness and production parameters of growing dairy bulls from 225 to 650 kg average liveweight Each pen housed five bulls up to 400 kg average liveweight and four bulls thereafter. On CS, lying bouts were less frequent and longer than on RM and RS at 250 kg. Lying down phase I was longest on CS and shortest on RM. Interrupted attempts at lying down occurred twice as often on CS as on the rubber floors. Severity scores for white line haemorrhage and sole haemorrhage were higher in bulls on CS than on RM. Swelling on legs had highest scores on CS, whereas the severity score for heel horn erosion was lowest on CS. Floor type had no effect on dermatitis, leg hairlessness and skin damage. Both claw horn growth and wear were greater on CS than on RS and RM. Bulls on RS and CS were cleanest Slaughter age tended to be higher and carcase conformation score tended to be lower on CS than on rubber, whereas feed intake, feed efficiency and other carcase traits were unaffected. The results indicate that rubber flooring improves animal welfare compared with concrete.
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| 4. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative production systems for male Charolais cross-bred cattle using semi-natural grasslands
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 61, s. 21-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to compare animal performance and carcass characteristics in Charolais cross-breds raised as bulls finished indoors to steers grazing semi-natural grasslands during summers combined with high, medium or low feed intensity during indoor periods. Bulls (n = 15) and high steers (n = 13) were fed grass-clover silage: barley (450:550 g kg(-1) dry matter), medium steers (n = 13) silage ad libitum and low steers (n = 12) silage at a restricted intake. High and medium steers grazed semi-natural grasslands one summer, whereas low steers grazed two summers. From weaning to slaughter, liveweight gains were 1.72, 0.93, 0.72 and 0.60 kg day(-1) for bulls, high steers, medium steers and low steers, respectively (P < 0.05). Bull carcasses had higher dressings, conformation scores and proportions of high-valued retail cuts than steers (P < 0.001). High and medium steers had highest fatness scores (P < 0.02) and most trim fat (P < 0.03), whereas medium and low steers had more marbling in musculus longissimus dorsi than bulls (P < 0.03).
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| 5. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed on foraging sites and diet in dairy cows on mountain pasture
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiverse semi-natural pastures are threatened because of sub-optimal grazing. The influence of breed on choice of foraging vegetation type, diet and hence pasture management was investigated in dairy cows kept on mountain pastures. Five dairy cows each of the traditional Swedish Mountain cattle breed and the commercial Holstein breed were equipped with GPS receivers measuring animal position for 6 h daily grazing time during 6 days. Plant groups in the ingested herbage were recorded visually for 30 min per cow and day. The grazing area, mapped using infra-red aerial photography combined with field work, consisted of ten vegetation types dominated by bilberry forest (33%), mixed forest (28%) and grass and sedge fen (12%). Although grass-dominated pasture comprised only 0.3% of the area, the cows spent on average 27% of their time there. Swedish Mountain cows spent less time in grass-dominated pasture than Holsteins (24% vs. 31%) but more time in bilberry forest (21 vs. 13%). Swedish Mountain cattle also travelled longer distances during grazing (6.3 vs. 5.0 km). This limited study revealed a general selection of grass-dominated pasture, but indicated that using traditional breeds can result in better management of other vegetation types.
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| 6. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed on foraging sites and diets in dairy cows on mountain pasture
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2151-3732 .- 2151-3740. ; 10, s. 334-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiverse semi-natural pastures are threatened because of sub-optimal grazing. Breed effects on choice of foraging vegetation type, diet and hence pasture management was investigated in dairy cows kept on mountain pastures. Five dairy cows each from the traditional Swedish Mountain breed and the commercial Holstein breed were equipped with GPS receivers measuring animal position for 6h daily grazing time during 6days. Plant groups in ingested vegetation were recorded visually for 30min per cow and day. The grazing area, mapped using infra-red aerial photography combined with field work, consisted of ten vegetation types dominated by bilberry forest (33%), mixed forest (28%) and grass and sedge fen (12%). Although grass-dominated pasture comprised only 0.3% of the area, the cows spent, on average, 27% of their time there. Swedish Mountain cows spent less time in grass-dominated pasture than Holsteins (24% vs. 31%, p=0.035). Swedish Mountains also travelled longer distances (6.3 vs. 5.0km, p=0.016) and were scattered over longer distances from other cows (419 vs. 259m, p=0.011). This limited study revealed a general selection of grass-dominated pasture, but indicated that using traditional breeds can result in better management of other vegetation types.
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| 7. |
- Hessle, Anna
(författare)
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EGF i Polen
- 2012
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Ingår i: Svenska vallbrev. - 1653-8064. ; , s. 3-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Gummibeklädd betongspalt för ökad välfärd hos växande ungnöt i helspaltboxar
- 2012
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Ingår i: Djurhälsonytt. - 1654-7926. ; No vol., s. 22-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- När de svenska djurskyddsföreskrifterna ändrades år 2007 förbjöds nybyggnation av helspaltboxar med betongspalt till ungdjur såvida inte spalten kläs med gummi eller annat mjukt material. Kalvar under fyra månader får från augusti 2012 överhuvudtaget inte hållas på helspalt av betong om inte denna kläs med mjukt material. Med den här beskrivna studien ville vi se hur olika typer spaltgolv påverkade djurens beteende, renhet, klövhälsa, benhälsa och produktionsnivå hos mjölkrastjurar i helspaltboxar. Resultaten visade att gummibeläggning på helspalt var positivt eftersom djurens naturliga beteende förbättrades och de fick färre bensvullnader och blödningar i klövsulan jämfört med på betongspalt. Dessutom förkortades uppfödningstiden med gummibeläggning. När man väljer gummibeläggning måste man dock vara noga med att få en tillräckligt bra golvfunktion så att djuren hålls rena och inte halkar.
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| 13. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Nötkött
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Samband mellan bröstomfång och levandevikt hos växande nötkreatur
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att mäta bröstomfång är ett sätt att uppskatta vikten hos nötkreatur. I denna studie studerades sambandet mellan bröstomfång och levandevikt hos tjurar och stutar av mjölkras samt kvigor, tjurar och stutar av köttraskorsning. Inom djurkategorierna hölls djuren på två olika utfodringsintensiteter. Med en funktion med logaritmerade värden och två varianskomponenter, varav en för variationen mellan djur och en för variationen inom djur, erhölls en godtagbar skattning av vikten hos de olika djurkategorierna utifrån deras bröstomfång. Det visade sig också finnas en tydlig skillnad beroende på om det var en kvinnlig eller manlig observatör som gjorde mätningen och detta lades också in i den statistiska modellen. Noggrannheten i skattningen var ca ± 13 kg och ca ± 75 kg vid 100 respektive 200 cm bröstomfång. Med kännedom om djurets kroppsform och utfodringsintensitet kan dock skattningen av vikten förbättras, då djur med god muskelansättning och hög utfodringsintensitet i regel har en högre vikt vid ett visst bröstomfång än djur av mer utpräglad mjölktyp och med låg utfodringsintensitet. Resultaten kan ligga till grund för nya måttband för bestämning av växande nötkreaturs vikt.
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| 16. |
- Hessle, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Use of beef steers for profitable management of biologically valuable semi-natural pastures in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal for Nature Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1617-1381 .- 1618-1093. ; 19, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cessation of grazing is an increasing threat to the biodiversity rich semi-natural pastures in Sweden due to a decreased number of grazing livestock despite environmental payments for management of these pastures. The aim of this study is to compare the profitability of raising beef breed calves as intact bulls kept indoors after weaning and slaughtered at 15 months to raising them as steers grazing semi-natural pastures and slaughtered at 20, 25 or 30 months of age. The 20 and 25 month steers graze one summer and the 30 month steers two summers post-weaning. Profitability is calculated as gross margin to cover fixed costs of the farm and background data is obtained from an animal experiment and official Swedish standard budgets. The comparisons include alternatives with holdings situated in one out of two districts (plain or forest) and with one out of six types of semi-natural pasture (low-or high-yielding pasture, pasture with payment on a base level only or with extra payment for special values, 100% semi-natural pasture or 50% semi-natural pasture with 50% complementary ley pasture). The result suggests that the 30 month steer is the most profitable production system in most of the studied alternatives provided that the present environmental payments, single farm payment and support for less favoured areas are maintained. Bulls are more profitable than 30 month steers only if the semi-natural pasture is both high-yielding and entitled payment on a base level only. The 20 and 25 month steers have no economical competitiveness in any of the alternatives studied. Steers with two post-weaning grazing seasons seem to be a cost-efficient way to preserve the grazing dependent biodiversity in Sweden and other parts of Europe with increasing shortage of calves. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Höglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to major pasture borne helminth infections in bulk-tank milk samples from organic and nearby conventional dairy herds in south-central Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4017 .- 1873-2550. ; 171, s. 293-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this randomised pairwise survey was to compare the regional distribution of antibody levels against the three most important helminth infections in organic and conventional dairy herds in Sweden. Bulk-tank milk from 105 organic farms and 105 neighbouring conventional dairy farms with access to pasture in south-central Sweden were collected in September 2008. Samples were also collected from 8 organic and 8 conventional herds located in a much more restricted area, on the same as well as 3 additional occasions during the grazing season, to reveal evidence for seasonal patterns against cattle stomach worm (Ostertagia ostertagi). Antibody levels to the stomach worm (O. ostertagi), liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) were then determined by detection of specific antibodies using three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). According to the Svanovir (R) Ostertagia ELISA, the mean optical density ratio (ODR) was significantly higher in the milk from organic compared to conventional herds, i.e. 0.82 (95% CL = 0.78-0.86) versus 0.66 (0.61-0.71). However, no significant differences were observed in the samples collected at different time points from the same 16 herds (F(3.39) = 1.18, P= 0.32). Antibodies to D. viviparus infection were diagnosed with an ELISA based on recombinant major sperm protein (MSP), and seropositivity was found in 21 (18%) of the 113 organic herds and 11 (9%) of the 113 conventional herds. The seroprevalence of D. viviparus was somewhat higher in the organic herds (Chi-square = 3.65, P = 0.056), but with the positive conventional herds were located in the vicinity of infected organic herds. Of the 16 herds that were sampled on repeated occasions, as many as 10 (63%), were seropositive on at least one sampling occasion. Many of these turned positive towards the end of the grazing season. Only one herd was positive in all 4 samples and 3 were positive only at turnout. Considering F. hepatica there was no difference in seroprevalence between organic and conventional herds according to the Institute Pourquier (R) ELISA. In general, liver fluke infection was low and it was only diagnosed in 8 (7%) organic and 7 (6%) conventional herds. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Höglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Calving season is a stronger determinant of worm burdens in pasture-based beef production than the level of residual larval contamination at turnout
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Record. - : Wiley. - 0042-4900 .- 2042-7670. ; 172, s. 472-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combined influence of (1) calving period (early or late) and (2) overwintering contamination by residual infective larvae (high or low) on subsequent exposure of suckler calves to gastrointestinal nematodes was investigated. We found that the effect of calving date was greater than the level of residual contamination. This was because the adult cows produced large quantities of manure containing small amounts of nematode eggs from turnout, which significantly contaminated the pasture, and thereby, reduced the effect of prior high-low contamination. Early born calves were found to be more heavily exposed to parasites, most likely due to ingesting more herbage than those born later. Late-born calves also had relatively high antibody levels at turnout, which first decreased and then increased again. We suggest that the high antibody levels at turnout reflect passive transfer of maternal antibodies through the milk. There was also a significant difference in animal performance, with the more heavily exposed early born calves having significantly lower daily weight gain than the late-born calves. However, this might not be entirely due to increased parasitism.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Höglund, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Weight gain-based targeted selective treatments (TST) of gastrointestinal nematodes in first-season grazing cattle
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4017 .- 1873-2550. ; 196, s. 358-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-year trial was performed in south-western Sweden to compare animal performance and levels of parasite control in three grazing groups, each with 18-24 first-season grazing (FSG) calves in similar set-stocked pasture enclosures. These groups were subjected to: (1) no parasite control (NT), (2) monthly repeated doramectin (Dectomax (R)) injections (SP), or (3) targeted selective weight gain-based anthelmintic treatments (TST) but only when individual calf performance was inferior to the average of the poorer 50% of those calves in group SP. In each year, weight and parasitological variables were measured at turn-out and then at predetermined intervals for 22-24 weeks during the grazing season. The dewormed calves in group SP had a higher average weight gain at housing (range 0.39-0.61 kg/day) than those in TST (0.36-0.50 kg/day), which in turn always exceeded the NT group (0.23-0.42 kg/day). This indicates that the parasite challenge in the NT group was sufficiently high to result in production loss. However, the average cumulative faecal egg counts (FEC) at housing in NT were in the range 1271-1953 eggs per gram faeces (epg) and in TST 1221-1968 epg. In contrast, parasite eggs were rarely recorded in group SP and then only during the first two years (on average 12 and 38 epg). There were also no significant differences in FEC or serum pepsinogen levels between FSG in groups NT and TST. The animals in SP received 7 doses of doramectin each year, whereas those in TST received an average of 0.5 doses. Thus, the TST approach represented a 92% reduction in anthelmintic use. The average weight gain in animals subjected to TST was always significantly lower than in animals dewormed regularly. In addition, there were no signs of short-term selection for anthelmintic resistance in the group SP animals, despite the fairly intensive use of injectable doramectin. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
- Lundesjö Ahnström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of slaughter age and carcass suspension on meat quality in Angus heifers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 6, s. 1554-1562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of pelvic suspension and slaughter age on longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) from 40 heifers with at least 75% Angus breeding. A total of 20 heifers were slaughtered directly from pasture at 18 months of age, and carcass sides were hung either by the Achilles tendon or the pelvic bone. The other 20 heifers were assigned to an additional winter housing period and slaughtered at 22 months of age; carcass sides were hung only by Achilles suspension. All carcasses were electrically stimulated and assessed according to the EUROP carcass classification system. In addition, the LTL muscles were aged for 7 or 14 days before meat quality was evaluated for intramuscular fat (IMF), drip loss, colour, shear force, compression and sensory analysis. The 22-month-old heifers were heavier, fatter and had more IMF than 18-month-old heifers. Conformation scores (muscling) did not differ between the two slaughter groups. Pelvic suspension reduced both between- and within-animal variation for peak force, total energy and compression peak force. For the 18-month-old heifers, pelvic suspension also decreased peak force, total energy and compression variables for the LTL muscles from both ageing periods, whereas Achilles-suspended samples had lower shear force values only at day 14. Sensory analysis showed that pelvic-suspended sides had greater tenderness, lower bite resistance, less threadiness, higher juiciness and meat flavour and less visible marbling than meat from Achilles-suspended sides. Pelvic-suspended sides at 18 months of age were similar in peak force and total energy values to the 22-month-old heifers. The importance of ageing the Achilles-suspended sides was more obvious for samples from 18-month-old heifers than from the 22-month-old animals. The correlations between the different instrumental measurements and sensory tenderness were considerably higher for carcasses suspended by the Achilles tendon (r = -0.55 to 0.20) than for those hung by the pelvic bone (r = -0.25 to 0.19). More correlations between sensory-evaluated tenderness and shear variables were significant after 7 days (n = 6) of ageing than after 14 days (n = 4) of ageing. This study clearly shows the benefits of pelvic suspension, which reduces the need for additional feeding after pasture.
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| 32. |
- Skovbjerg, Susann, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria induce different patterns of cytokine production in human mononuclear cells irrespective of taxonomic relatedness.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research. - New York, USA : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-7465 .- 1079-9907. ; 30:1, s. 23-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upon bacterial stimulation, tissue macrophages produce a variety of cytokines that orchestrate the immune response that clears the infection. We have shown that Gram-positives induce higher levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than do Gram-negatives, which instead induce more of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Here, we study whether these patterns follows or crosses taxonomic borders. PBMCs from blood donors were incubated with UV-inactivated bacteria representing 37 species from five phyla. IL-12, TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were measured in the supernatants after 24 h and IFN-gamma after 5 days. Irrespective of phylogenetic position, Gram-positive bacteria induced much more IL-12 (nine times more on average) and IFN-gamma (seven times), more TNF (three times), and slightly more IL-1beta (1.5 times) than did Gram-negatives, which instead induced more IL-6 (1.5 times), IL-8 (1.9 times), and IL-10 (3.3 times) than did Gram-positives. A notable exception was the Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes, which induced very little IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF. The results confirm the fundamental difference in innate immune responses to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which crosses taxonomic borders and probably reflects differences in cell wall structure.
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| 33. |
- Turner, Tyler, et al.
(författare)
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Silage-concentrate finishing of bulls versus silage or fresh forage finishing of steers: Effects on fatty acids and meat tenderness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 61, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this trial was to assess meat quality in terms of tenderness and fatty acid (FA) composition in M. longissimus dorsi and M. gluteus medius from bulls finished on ad lib silage-concentrates (SIL:CON) vs. steers fed ad lib silage (FF) or restricted silage and unrestricted grazing (RES-F). Warner-Brazler shear force value day 1 was lowest for the FF steers (p < 0.05). Myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) values were similar after seven days of ageing, showing that ageing compensated for differences in meat tenderness associated with feeding programmes. Total monounsaturated FAs and 18:1c-9 levels were higher in the steer tissue (p < 0.001). The SIL: CON bulls had higher polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acids and 18:2n-6 level (p < 0.001). Polar lipid 18: 2n-6 and n-6 levels were higher for FF than for RES-F steers, whereas the 18:3n-3 level was higher for RES-F than for FF steers (p < 0.001). The n-6/n-3 ratio was lowest for the FF steers and highest for the SIL: CON bulls (p < 0.001).
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