| 1. |
- Hallgren, Roland
(författare)
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Tomtens två ansikten
- 1990
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Ingår i: Forskning och Framsteg. ; 8, s. 4-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- de Graaf, Albert A, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional systems biology modeling: from molecular mechanisms to physiology.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS computational biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7358 .- 1553-734X. ; 5:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of computational modeling and simulation has increased in many biological fields, but despite their potential these techniques are only marginally applied in nutritional sciences. Nevertheless, recent applications of modeling have been instrumental in answering important nutritional questions from the cellular up to the physiological levels. Capturing the complexity of today's important nutritional research questions poses a challenge for modeling to become truly integrative in the consideration and interpretation of experimental data at widely differing scales of space and time. In this review, we discuss a selection of available modeling approaches and applications relevant for nutrition. We then put these models into perspective by categorizing them according to their space and time domain. Through this categorization process, we identified a dearth of models that consider processes occurring between the microscopic and macroscopic scale. We propose a "middle-out" strategy to develop the required full-scale, multilevel computational models. Exhaustive and accurate phenotyping, the use of the virtual patient concept, and the development of biomarkers from "-omics" signatures are identified as key elements of a successful systems biology modeling approach in nutrition research--one that integrates physiological mechanisms and data at multiple space and time scales.
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| 3. |
- Meyer, Anna C., et al.
(författare)
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The impact of hip fracture on geriatric care and mortality among older swedes : Mapping care trajectories and their determinants
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 192:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the impact of hip fractures on trajectories of home care, care home residence, and mortality among individuals aged 65 and older and explores the impact of living arrangement, cohabitation, frailty, and socioeconomic position on these trajectories. Based on a linkage of nationwide Swedish population registers, our study included 20,573 individuals with first hip fracture in 2014-2015. Care trajectories during two years following the fracture were visualized and compared to two hip fracture-free control groups drawn from the general population; age-and-sex-matched controls and health-matched controls identified through propensity score matching. Multistate modeling was employed to identify sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with care trajectories among hip fracture patients. Already before their fracture, hip fracture patients had worse health than the general population. However, when controlling for pre-fracture health, hip fractures still had a considerable impact on care use and mortality. Comparisons to the health-matched controls suggest that hip fractures have an immediate, yet short-term, impact on care trajectories. Long-term care needs are largely attributable to poorer health profiles independent of the fracture itself. This emphasizes the importance of adequate comparison groups when examining the consequences of diseases which are often accompanied by other underlying health problems.
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| 4. |
- Costanzi, Barry N., et al.
(författare)
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In situ manufacture of magnetic tunnel junctions by a direct-write process
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 104:22, s. 222401-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ construction of Co/SiO2/Co magnetic tunnel junctions using direct-write electron-beam-induced deposition is described. Proof-of-concept devices were built layer by layer depositing the specific components one at a time, allowing device manufacture using a strictly additive process. The devices exhibit a magnetic tunneling signature which agrees qualitatively with the Slonczewski model of magnetic tunneling.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hodges, Paul W, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-abdominal pressure increases stiffness of the lumbar spine
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomechanics. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0021-9290 .- 1873-2380. ; 38:9, s. 1873-1880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) increases during many tasks and has been argued to increase stability and stiffness of the spine. Although several studies have shown a relationship between the IAP increase and spinal stability, it has been impossible to determine whether this augmentation of mechanical support for the spine is due to the increase in IAP or the abdominal muscle activity which contributes to it. The present study determined whether spinal stiffness increased when IAP increased without concurrent activity of the abdominal and back extensor muscles. A sustained increase in IAP was evoked by tetanic stimulation of the phrenic nerves either. unilaterally or bilaterally at 20 Hz (for 5 s) via percutaneous electrodes in three subjects. Spinal stiffness was measured as the force required to displace an indentor over the L4 or L2 spinous process with the subjects lying prone. Stiffness was measured as the slope of the regression line fitted to the linear region of the force-displacement curve. Tetanic stimulation of the diaphragm increased IAP by 27-61% of a maximal voluntary pressure increase and increased the stiffness of the spine by 8-31% of resting levels. The increase in spinal stiffness was positively correlated with the size of the IAP increase. IAP increased stiffness at L2 and L4 level. The results of this:study provide evidence that the stiffness of the lumbar spine is increased when IAP is elevated.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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Hampakalk : Tilläggsisolering på reveterade trähus och saltskadat tegelmurverk - Slutrapport
- 2019
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historiska byggnaders energiprestanda behöver hållbart förbättras samtidigt som kulturhistoriska värden bevaras. Ett byggnadsmaterial som hampakalk skulle kunna uppfylla en ny funktion i renovering av historiska byggnader. Syftet var att finna en effektiv och resurssnål metod för tilläggsisolering av reveterade och putsade historiska trä- och tegelhus som är kompatibel med stommen, ökar energieffektiviteten, skapar en hälsosam och god inomhusmiljö samt bidrar till att bevarade kulturhistoriska värden. Målet med projektet var att utreda lämplighet och användbarhet av hampakalk som tilläggsisoleringsmaterial i ett kallt svenskt klimat med svåra fuktförhållanden. Det var väsentligt att klargöra förutsättningarna för eventuell mikrobiell påverkan på materialet. Ett delmål med projektet var därför att utvärdera risken för mikrobiell påväxt på hampakalk och att ta fram nyckeltal för dess kritiska fuktnivåer. Huruvida hampakalk skulle kunna fungera som tilläggsisolering på saltvittrande tegelmurverk har också undersökts. Här har det dels handlat om att förstå salternas beteende och skadeverkan samt vad som kan bidra till ett minimerande av skador. Där har hampakalk som invändigt tilläggsisoleringsmaterial provats och utvärderats för att se om det kan bidra med ändrat mikroklimat och ändrad salttransport och därigenom minskade saltskador på putsytan. Det finns ett stort bestånd av hållbara byggnader, företrädesvis från perioden 1700-tal till 1930-tal, som uppförts dels med trästomme som putsats, dels av tegel. Framförallt blev båda dessa byggtekniker allt vanligare under 1800-talet då städerna började byggas med ett utökat krav på brandskydd och termisk komfort. Idag är dessa byggnader ofta i behov av underhåll eller renovering och i samband med detta behöver de kunna anpassas efter moderna krav på termisk komfort och energieffektivisering. Samtidigt besitter de höga kulturhistoriska värden och skall därmed förändras/underhållas/renoveras med stor varsamhet, med traditionella material och metoder och med kompatibla lösningar. Resultatet av projektet har visat att hampakalk fungerar utmärkt för att tilläggsisolera historiska trä eller tegelbyggnader. Uppmätt minskning av energianvändning för uppvärmning var 33-53 % i fallstudierna jämfört med originalkonstruktionen. Tilläggsisolering av hampakalk gav en bra fuktbalans i såväl murverket som trästommen, förutsatt att det kombineras med en för konstruktionen anpassad kalkputs. Som invändig putsbärare på saltskadat tegelmurverk gav hampakalken ett stabilare mikroklimat med minskat antal saltkristallisationscykler och därmed ett fördröjt skadeförlopp. Hampakalk kan bidra till god ljudmiljö och ett bibehållet brandskydd. Hampakalk kan användas där kulturhistoriska värden skall bevaras. Det gäller framförallt byggnader som står inför renovering eller omrenovering, där ett material behövs som är kompatibelt med såväl trä- och tegelstommar som traditionell kalkputs vilka skall fortsätta utgöra kulturhistoriska värdebärande element för byggnaden.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Piletsky, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Recognition of ephedrine enantiomers by molecularly imprinted polymers designed using a computational approach
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Analyst. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 0003-2654 .- 1364-5528. ; 126:10, s. 1826-1830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach to the computational design of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) specific for ephedrine is presented. A virtual library of functional monomers was developed and screened against the template using molecular modelling software. The monomers giving the highest binding score were co-polymerized with a cross-linker in the presence of ephedrine. Control (blank) polymers were prepared under the same conditions but in the absence of the template. A good correlation was found between the modelling results and performance of the materials in an HPLC study. A MIP based on one of the selected monomers-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-gave a separation of ephedrine enantiomers with a separation factor a of 1.42-2.09 (depending on temperature). This figure is larger than the a values generally obtained with commercially available chiral phases. It is anticipated that the computational approach will be of use for the rational design of MIPS and the prediction of polymer affinity and specificity.
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| 11. |
- Teutschbein, Claudia, 1985-
(författare)
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CAMELS‐SE : Long‐term hydroclimatic observations (1961–2020) across 50 catchments in Sweden as a resource for modelling, education, and collaboration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Geoscience Data Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2049-6060.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a community-accessible dataset comprising daily hydroclimatic variables (precipitation, temperature, and streamflow) observed in 50 catchments in Sweden (median size of 1019 km2). The dataset covers a 60-year period (1961–2020) and includes information on geographical location, landcover, soil classes, hydrologic signatures, and regulation for each catchment. Data were collected from various sources, such as the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, the Swedish Geological Survey, and several Copernicus products provided by the European Environment Agency. The compiled, spatially-matched, and processed data are publicly available online through the Swedish National Data Service (https://snd.se/en), contributing a new region to the collection of existing CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies) datasets. The CAMELS-SE dataset spans a wide range of hydroclimatic, topographic, and environmental catchment properties, making it a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners to study hydrological processes, climate dynamics, environmental impacts, and sustainable water management strategies in Nordic regions.
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| 12. |
- Brendle, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in chromosomal instability genes and risk and clinical outcome of breast cancer : a Swedish prospective case-control study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:3, s. 435-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a major characteristic of many cancers. We investigated whether putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to CIN (CENPF, ESPL1, NEK2, PTTG1, ZWILCH, ZWINT) affect breast cancer (BC) risk and clinical outcome in a Swedish cohort of 749 incident BC cases with detailed clinical data and up to 15 years of follow-up and 1493 matched controls. As a main observation, carriers of the A allele of the CENPF SNP rs438034 had a worse BC-specific survival compared to the wild type genotype GG carriers (hazard ratio (HR) 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-5.90), although they were less likely to have regional lymph node metastases (odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-1.01) and tumours of stage II-IV (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99). As there is increasing evidence that CENPF is associated with poor prognosis in patients with primary BC, further independent studies are needed to clarify the importance of genetic variation in the CENPF gene in the clinic.
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| 13. |
- Hietbrink, Falco, et al.
(författare)
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What trauma patients need : the European dilemma
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Springer. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for implementation and maturation of an inclusive trauma system in every country in Europe, with patient centered care by dedicated surgeons. This process should be initiated by physicians and medical societies, based on the best available evidence, and supported and subsequently funded by the government and healthcare authorities. A systematic approach to organizing all aspects of trauma will result in health gain in terms of quality of care provided, higher survival rates, better functional outcomes and quality of life. In addition, it will provide reliable data for both research, quality improvement and prevention programs. Severely injured patients need surgeons with broad technical and non-technical competencies to provide holistic, inclusive and compassionate care. Here we describe the philosophy of the surgical approach and define the necessary skills for trauma, both surgical and other, to improve outcome of severely injured patients. As surgery is an essential part of trauma care, surgeons play an important role for the optimal treatment of trauma patients throughout and after their hospital stay, including the intensive care unit (ICU). However, in most European countries, it might not be obvious to either the general public, patients or even the physicians that the surgeon must assume this responsibility in the ICU to optimize outcomes. The aim of this paper is to define key elements in terms of trauma systems, trauma-specific surgical skills and active critical care involvement, to organize and optimize trauma care in Europe.
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| 14. |
- Jain, Shubham, 1990-
(författare)
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Engineering 3D degradable pliable scaffolds for adipose tissue regeneration : Advancing cell-material interactions by understanding the influence from thermal, chemical, mechanical properties and scaffold design
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In soft tissue defects that arise due to trauma, tumor resections and complex burns, a significant loss in adipose tissue remains a considerable challenge due to the insufficient regenerative capacity of the tissue. This thesis focuses on assessing cell-material interactions between degradable 3D polymer scaffolds with different designs and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. This knowledge can be used to engineer 3D scaffolds with adequate physio-chemical and mechanical properties along with an appropriate design that augments adipose tissue regeneration.Salt-leaching 3D scaffolds were fabricated from various medical-grade polyesters, and cellular behavior was evaluated by correlating the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. The results showed that the glass transition temperature modulated the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, affecting stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation. The same sets of polymers were further used in melt extrusion-based 3D printer and printability was established for the fabrication of customized 3D scaffolds. Based on printability and cell-scaffolds interaction results, poly (L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) was used to print 3D scaffolds in different soft and pliable designs that promoted adipogenic differentiation. To fabricate even softer, and more hydrophilic 3D scaffolds, poly (ɛ-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone) and a unique scaffold design were utilized within the research group. The copolymer 3D scaffolds were further combined with knitted mesh and electrospun nanofibers to develop scaffolds with multilayer architecture, modular scaffolds. The in vitro results asserted that the modular scaffold enhanced cell-material interactions by almost five times of those observed for the scaffold alone. Therefore, it can be concluded that softness and pliability are crucial and an appropriate scaffold design with adequate mechanical support is required for enhancing cell-material interaction. The in vitro results asserted that the modular scaffold enhanced cell-material interactions by almost five times of those observed for the scaffold alone. Therefore, it can be concluded that softness and pliability are crucial and an appropriate scaffold design with adequate mechanical support is required for enhancing cell-material interaction. The in vitro results asserted that the modular scaffold enhanced cell-material interactions by almost five times of those observed for the scaffold alone. Therefore, it can be concluded that softness and pliability are crucial and an appropriate scaffold design with adequate mechanical support is required for enhancing cell-material interaction.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Bosson, Jenny A, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral blood neutrophilia as a biomarker of ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ozone concentrations are predicted to increase over the next 50 years due to global warming and the increased release of precursor chemicals. It is therefore urgent that good, reliable biomarkers are available to quantify the toxicity of this pollutant gas at the population level. Such a biomarker would need to be easily performed, reproducible, economically viable, and reflective of ongoing pathological processes occurring within the lung.METHODOLOGY: We examined whether blood neutrophilia occurred following a controlled ozone challenge and addressed whether this could serve as a biomarker for ozone-induced airway inflammation. Three separate groups of healthy subjects were exposed to ozone (0.2 ppm, 2h) and filtered air (FA) on two separate occasions. Peripheral blood samples were collected and bronchoscopy with biopsy sampling and lavages was performed at 1.5h post exposures in group 1 (n=13), at 6h in group 2 (n=15) and at 18h in group 3 (n=15). Total and differential cell counts were assessed in blood, bronchial tissue and airway lavages.RESULTS: In peripheral blood, we observed fewer neutrophils 1.5h after ozone compared with the parallel air exposure (-1.1±1.0x10(9) cells/L, p<0.01), at 6h neutrophil numbers were increased compared to FA (+1.2±1.3x10(9) cells/L, p<0.01), and at 18h this response had fully attenuated. Ozone induced a peak in neutrophil numbers at 6h post exposure in all compartments examined, with a positive correlation between the response in blood and bronchial biopsies.CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a systemic neutrophilia in healthy subjects following an acute ozone exposure, which mirrors the inflammatory response in the lung mucosa and lumen. This relationship suggests that blood neutrophilia could be used as a relatively simple functional biomarker for the effect of ozone on the lung.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hietanen, Mika, 1971-
(författare)
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Kritisk bildretorik
- 2016. - 1
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Ingår i: <em>Kritiskt tänkande – i teori och praktik</em>. - Lund. ; , s. 87-107
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Bilder väcker känslor. De både upprör och förför, de både förmedlar budskap och de hjälper oss att minnas. Bildretorik eller visuell retorik är en utlöpare från semiotiken – läran om tecken – och en del av retoriken. Detta kapitel handlar om hur bilder fungerar retoriskt. Hur kan vi analytiskt beskriva bilders funktion och påverkan? Vad är det som gör att bilder har en viss effekt?I perspektivet av kritiskt tänkande handlar detta framför allt om att kunna genomskåda manipulativa budskap, till exempel inom reklam och politik. Det handlar också om signaler i vår vardag som vi kanske inte stannar upp inför, men som ändå utövar en påverkan på vår världsbild. Det handlar om bilder och tecken i vår omgivning, i tidningar och på webben.Följande två frågor löper som en röd tråd igenom detta kapitel: Hhur påverkar denna bild mig? Varför påverkas jag på detta sätt? Även om det är omöjligt att ge uttömmande svar på sådana frågor, kan de begrepp som presenteras i detta kapitel hjälpa oss en bit på vägen att förstå hur den visuella retoriken fungerar.
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| 19. |
- Hietanen, Mika
(författare)
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Towards an authentic argumentation literacy test
- 2023
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Ingår i: ; , s. 68-68
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A central goal of education is to improve argumentation literacy. How do we know how well this goal is achieved? Can we measure argumentation literacy? The present study is a preliminary step towards measuring the efficacy of education with regards to argumentation literacy. Tests currently in use to determine critical thinking skills are often similar to IQ-tests in that they predominantly measure logical and mathematical abilities. Thus, they may not measure the various other skills required in understanding authentic argumentation. To identify the elements of argumentation literacy, this exploratory study begins by surveying introductory textbooks within argumentation theory, critical thinking, and rhetoric. Eight main abilities have been identified. Then, the study outlines an Argumentation Literacy Test that would comprise these abilities suggested by the literature. Finally, the study presents results from a pilot of a version of such a test and discusses needs for further development.
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| 20. |
- Mendillo, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging the surface of Mercury using ground-based telescopes
- 2001
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. ; 49:14-15, s. 1501-1505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe and compare two methods of short-exposure, high-definition ground-based imaging of the planet Mercury. Two teams have recorded images of Mercury on different dates, from different locations, and with different observational and data reduction
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| 21. |
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Ord&Bild Nr 1 2017 / Byråkrati
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ord & Bild. - 0030-4492. ; 2017:1
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta nummer av Ord&Bild utforskas byråkratins gränssnitt mellan maktens föreskrifter och människors faktiska liv. Vi undrar om det går att föreställa sig en kritisk byråkrati, om det finns utrymme för ett politiskt motstånd inom eller genom en byråkrati? Det handlar inte om att söka ett rättfärdigande av byråkratins allt större inflytande över människornas verklighet, utan snarare om hur vi kan orientera oss i en sådan värld genom att utforska dess premisser och kanske se på den annorlunda.
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