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- von Holst, S, et al.
(författare)
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Association studies on 11 published colorectal cancer risk loci
- 2010
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 103:4, s. 575-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recently, several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have independently found numerous loci at which common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modestly influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to test 11 loci, reported to be associated with an increased or decreased risk of colorectal cancer: 8q23.3 (rs16892766), 8q24.21 (rs6983267), 9p24 (rs719725), 10p14 (rs10795668), 11q23.1 (rs3802842), 14q22.2 (rs4444235), 15q13.3 (rs4779584), 16q22.1 (rs9929218), 18q21.1 (rs4939827), 19q13.1 (rs10411210) and 20p12.3 (rs961253), in a Swedish-based cohort. METHODS: The cohort was composed of 1786 cases and 1749 controls that were genotyped and analysed statistically. Genotype-phenotype analysis, for all 11 SNPs and sex, age of onset, family history of CRC and tumour location, was performed. RESULTS: Of eleven loci, 5 showed statistically significant odds ratios similar to previously published findings: 8q23.3, 8q24.21, 10p14, 15q13.3 and 18q21.1. The remaining loci 11q23.1, 16q22.1, 19q13.1 and 20p12.3 showed weak trends but somehow similar to what was previously published. The loci 9p24 and 14q22.2 could not be confirmed. We show a higher number of risk alleles in affected individuals compared to controls. Four statistically significant genotype-phenotype associations were found; the G allele of rs6983267 was associated to older age, the G allele of rs1075668 was associated with a younger age and sporadic cases, and the T allele of rs10411210 was associated with younger age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, using a Swedish population, supports most genetic variants published in GWAS. More studies are needed to validate the genotype-phenotype correlations.
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| 5. |
- Urquia, ML, et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia among immigrant women giving birth in six industrialised countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 121:12, s. 1492-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo assess disparities in pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia among immigrant women from various world regions giving birth in six industrialised countries.DesignCross‐country comparative study of linked population‐based databases.SettingProvincial or regional obstetric delivery data from Australia, Canada, Spain and the USA and national data from Denmark and Sweden.PopulationAll immigrant and non‐immigrant women delivering in the six industrialised countries within the most recent 10‐year period available to each participating centre (1995–2010).MethodsData was collected using standardised definitions of the outcomes and maternal regions of birth. Pooled data were analysed with multilevel models. Within‐country analyses used stratified logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (OR ) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ).Main outcome measuresPre‐eclampsia, eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia with prolonged hospitalisation (cases per 1000 deliveries).ResultsThere were 9 028 802 deliveries (3 031 399 to immigrant women). Compared with immigrants from Western Europe, immigrants from Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean were at higher risk of pre‐eclampsia (OR : 1.72; 95% CI : 1.63, 1.80 and 1.63; 95% CI : 1.57, 1.69) and eclampsia (OR : 2.12; 95% CI : 1.61, 2.79 and 1.55; 95% CI : 1.26, 1. 91), respectively, after adjustment for parity, maternal age and destination country. Compared with native‐born women, European and East Asian immigrants were at lower risk in most industrialised countries. Spain exhibited the largest disparities and Australia the smallest.ConclusionImmigrant women from Sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean require increased surveillance due to a consistently high risk of pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia.
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| 10. |
- Hjern, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Migrant density and well-being-A national school survey of 15-year-olds in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option D. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:5, s. 823-828
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of migrant density in school on the well-being of pupils with a migrant origin in first as well as second generation. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a national classroom survey of 15-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. The study population included 76 229 pupils (86.5% participation) with complete data set from 1352 schools. Six dimensions of well-being from the KIDSCREEN were analysed in two-level linear regression models to assess the influence of migrant origin at individual level and percentage of students with a migrant origin at school level, as well as interaction terms between them. Z-scores were used to equalize scales. Results: A high density (andgt; 50%) of pupils with a migrant origin in first or second generation was associated with positive well-being on all six scales for foreign-born pupils originating in Africa or Asia compared with schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. The effect sizes were 0.56 for boys and 0.29 for girls on the comprehensive KIDSCREEN 10-index (P andlt; 0.001) and 0.61 and 0.34, respectively, for psychological well-being (P andlt; 0.001). Of the boys and girls born in Africa or Asia, 31.6% and 34.6%, respectively, reported being bullied during the past week in schools with low (andlt; 10%) migrant density. Conclusions: Pupils born in Africa or Asia are at high risk for being bullied and having impaired well-being in schools with few other migrant children. School interventions to improve peer relations and prevent bullying are needed to promote well-being in non-European migrant children.
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| 11. |
- Hjern, F., et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and the risk of diverticular disease in women
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 98:7, s. 997-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The relationship between smoking and the risk of diverticular disease is unclear. An observational cohort study was undertaken to investigate the association between smoking and diverticular disease. Methods: Women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort born between 1914 and 1948 were followed from 1997 to 2008. Information on smoking and other lifestyle factors was collected through questionnaires. Patients with symptomatic diverticular disease were identified from Swedish national registers. Relative risks (RRs) of symptomatic diverticular disease (resulting in hospital admission or death) according to smoking status were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Of 35 809 women included in the study, 561 (1.6 per cent) had symptomatic diverticular disease. In multivariable analysis, current smokers had an increased risk of symptomatic diverticular disease compared with non-smokers after adjustment for age, intake of dietary fibre, diabetes, hypertension, use of acetylsalicylic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroid medication, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity and level of education (RR 1.23, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.99 to 1.52). Past smokers also had an increased risk (RR 1.26, 1.02 to 1.56). Smokers had a higher risk of developing a diverticular perforation/abscess than non-smokers (RR 1.89, 1.15 to 3.10). Conclusion: Smoking is associated with symptomatic diverticular disease.
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- Lindblad, F, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and paternal psychopathology increases risk of offspring ADHD equally
- 2011
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2045-7960 .- 2045-7979. ; 20:4, s. 367-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parental psychopathology may increase the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze if/how gender influences the association between parental psychiatric/addictive disorders and ADHD medication in the offspring.Methods.Register study in national birth cohorts of 1.1 million 6–19-year-olds. In this population, 7960 individuals with ADHD medication were identified in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register during 2006. Data on parental psychiatric/addictive disorders and suicide death were obtained through linkages to national registers. Logistic regression was used for analyses with multiple adjustments for socio-economic, regional and demographic confounders.Results.Parental diagnosis related to illicit drugs was associated with the highest odds ratios (ORs) of ADHD medication (OR: ~3.5–4), followed by suicide attempt/death (OR: ~ 3–3.5), alcohol (OR:~2.5–3), affective disorder (OR: ~ 2.5) and psychosis (OR: ~ 2–2.5). The ORs were of similar magnitudes for maternal and paternal psychopathology and did not vary by the gender of the offspring. Adjusting for social characteristics decreased the ORs substantially and in the same way regarding fathers' and mothers' possible influence on the risk of ADHD in children.Conclusions.Neither parental nor offspring gender seems to influence the link between parental addictive/psychiatric disorder and offspring ADHD.
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- Möller, Sanne P., et al.
(författare)
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Uptake of vaccinations and health examinations among refugee children compared to Danish-born children - a register based cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 24:S2, s. 165-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn Denmark, vaccinations recommended for children include among others vaccinations against diphteria, tetanus, pertussis and polio (DTwP) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR). Children are also offered seven child health examinations (CHE). Both are important to prevent illness and to ensure early detection of developmental progblems. It is crucial that both services are utilized by all families regardless of their socioeconomic position, ethnic background or migrant status. However, there is a paucity of studies on uptake among the potentially vulnerable group of refugees.MethodsThe study population consisted of all refugee children arriving to Denmark between 1993 and 2010, and Danish-born children matched 1:6 on age and sex to the refugee children. Those included in the study had to be eligible for vaccination or CHE, i.e. have the recommended age for an investigated outcome during the observation period, which was January 1993 - May 2012. These criteria were met by 17,701 refugees and 106,206 Danish-born children. Information on vaccinations and CHE's from the Danish National Health Service Register was used to compare uptake among the two groups. Information on refugee status, duration of residence, region of origin and equivalised family income was used to examine predictors of uptake among refugee children. Analyses were made using a Cox regression model.ResultsFor all unadjusted vaccination outcomes refugee children had lower uptake than Danish-born children. However, after adjusting for income only the DTwP remained significant (HR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.58-0.63). All results for the CHE's remained significant after adjustment for income, with the biggest difference observed for the last CHE at age 5 (HR = 0.48; 95%CI:0.47-0.50). Both refugee status, duration of residence, region of origin and equivalised family income were identified as predictors of uptake among refugee children.ConclusionThe findings that refugee children do not have the same uptake of the investigated services as Danish-born children, suggest that refugees face barriers in the Danish health care system, and that newly arrived families are especially vulnerable. This indicates a need for improvements in the information on health services for newly arrived families.
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| 14. |
- Oistamo, E, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer and diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Differentiation with computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experiences
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 54:3, s. 237-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both colon cancer and diverticular disease are common in the Western world. A challenge when patients present with clinical findings is that both diseases can present with symptoms that may mimic the other. Purpose To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be helpful to differentiate between diverticulitis and cancer of the sigmoid colon compared to the differentiation offered by evaluation of multidetector computed tomography (CT) in a clinical situation. Material and Methods Thirty patients were consecutively included. Fifteen patients were under work-up for a recently diagnosed sigmoid cancer and 15 patients had recently been treated in hospital due to first-time acute sigmoid diverticulitis. All patients underwent CT, T2-weighted MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI. Anonymized examinations were retrospectively presented in random order to one experienced radiologist. Results With contrast-enhanced CT, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cancer and diverticulitis were 66.7% (10/15) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. Using T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR images, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of cancer and diverticulitis were 100% (14/14) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Conclusion MRI provides information that may contribute to improve the differentiation between sigmoid cancer and diverticulitis that is offered by CT. These encouraging results need to be confirmed in a larger study.
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| 16. |
- von Borczyskowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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Familial factors and suicide : an adoption study in a Swedish National Cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 41:4, s. 749-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Parental characteristics influence the risk of offspring suicide. In this study we wanted to separate the hereditary from the environmental influence of such factors by comparing their effects in the adopted versus non-adopted.MethodA register study was conducted in a national cohort of 2 471 496 individuals born between 1946 and 1968, including 27 600 national adoptees, followed-up for suicide during 1987-2001. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for suicide of socio-economic indicators of the childhood household and biological parents' suicide, alcohol abuse and psychiatric morbidity separately in the adopted and non-adopted. Differences in effects were tested in interaction analyses. RESULTS: Suicide and indicators of severe psychiatric disorder in the biological parents had similar effects on offspring suicide in the non-adopted and adopted (HR 1.5-2.3). Biological parents' alcohol abuse was a risk factor for suicide in the non-adopted group only (HR 1.8 v. 0.8, interaction effect: p=0.03). The effects of childhood household socio-economic factors on suicide were similar in adopted and non-adopted individuals, with growing up in a single parent household [HR 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.4-1.5)] as the most important socio-economic risk factor for the non-adopted. CONCLUSIONS: The main familial effects of parental suicide and psychiatric morbidity on offspring suicide are not mediated by the post-natal environment or imitation, in contrast to effects of parental alcohol abuse that are primarily mediated by the post-natal environment. Social drift over generations because of psychiatric disorders does not seem likely to explain the association of socio-economic living conditions in childhood to suicide.
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