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- Tong, M., et al.
(författare)
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An integrated framework for multi-scale multi-physics numerical modelling of interface evolution in welding
- 2012
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Ingår i: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project Modelling of Interface evolution in advanced Welding (MIntWeld) is a 4-year international research project funded by the European Commission under their FP7 programme. Its main target is to develop a numerical toolbox which can be used to predict the evolution of interfaces during welding. There are various interfaces involving multiple phenomena and different spatial scales, which can be simulated using corresponding numerical modelling methods respectively. The modelling methods include quantum dynamics, molecular dynamics, phase field, phase field crystal, computational fluid dynamics, phase transformation and heat transfer, thermodynamics, continuum mechanics and life and defects prediction. Although each modelling method is based on different physical theories and involves different scales, they are not isolated. Therefore, this project aims to design a common framework which couples each model with the upstream and/or downstream model at the relevant neighbouring length scales. The data exchange framework which underpins the coupling of the models is described, and typical examples addressing the solution to the challenges faced, such as those of data interpolation between one discretisation of the computational domain and another, are discussed. Initial successes from the model-linking efforts of the authors are also presented.
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- Ostadkarampour, M., et al.
(författare)
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Higher levels of interleukin IL-17 and antigen-specific IL-17 responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with Lofgren's syndrome
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 178:2, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (mKatG) in sarcoidosis tissue has been reported. T helper type 1 (Th1) responses against mKatG have previously been observed. However, little is known about interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 responses in sarcoidosis. Here, we investigated the levels of IL-17 and frequencies of IL-17-producing cells responding to mKatG in sarcoidosis patients with different prognosis. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were obtained from sarcoidosis patients with or without Lofgren's syndrome (often associated with spontaneous recovery), and also stratified according to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) type. Cells producing IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-gamma after stimulation with mKatG were enumerated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). The level of IL-17 in the BAL fluid of sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls was measured by quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction (qIPCR). We also performed flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for further characterization of IL-17 expression. Patients with Lofgren's syndrome had a higher frequency of IL-17-producing cells responding to mKatG in BAL fluid compared to patients without Lofgren's syndrome (P < 0.05). The HLA-DR3(+) sarcoidosis patients with Lfgren's syndrome (known to have a particularly good prognosis) also had a clearly higher level of IL-17 in BAL fluid compared to healthy controls and sarcoidosis patients without Lofgren's syndrome (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.05), respectively. No such difference between patient groups was observed with regard to IFN-gamma and not with regard to either cytokine in peripheral blood. These findings suggest that IL-17-producing cells may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of sarcoidosis and play a role in the spontaneous recovery typical of patients with Lfgren's syndrome.
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- Andersson, J. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum structure based infrared detector research and development within Acreo's centre of excellence IMAGIC
- 2010
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Ingår i: Infrared physics & technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 53:4, s. 227-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acreo has a long tradition of working with quantum structure based infrared (IR) detectors and arrays. This includes QWIP (quantum well infrared photodetector), QDIP (quantum dot infrared photodetector), and InAs/GaInSb based photon detectors of different structure and composition. It also covers R&D on uncooled microbolometers. The integrated thermistor material of such detectors is advantageously based on quantum structures that are optimised for high temperature coefficient and low noise. Especially the SiGe material system is preferred due to the compatibility with silicon technology. The R&D work on IR detectors is a prominent part of Acreo's centre of excellence "IMAGIC" on imaging detectors and systems for non-visible wavelengths. IMAGIC is a collaboration between Acreo, several industry partners and universities like the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and Linkoping University. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Axelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Sustained Sleep Restriction on Mitogen-Stimulated Cytokines, Chemokines and T Helper 1/T Helper 2 Balance in Humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation disrupts cellular immune responses by shifting T helper (Th) cell activity towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Since little is known about more long-term effects, we investigated how five days of sleep restriction would affect pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, Th1- and Th2 cytokine secretion. Methods: Nine healthy males participated in an experimental sleep protocol with two baseline sleep-wake cycles (sleep 23.00 - 07.00 h) followed by 5 days with restricted sleep (03.00 - 07.00 h). On the second baseline day and on the fifth day with restricted sleep, samples were drawn every third hour for determination of cytokines/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL) -1 beta, IL-2, IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells and cortisol were analysed. Results: 5-days of sleep restriction affected PHA-induced immune responses in several ways. There was a general decrease of IL-2 production (p<.05). A shift in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance was also evident, as determined by a decrease in IL2/IL4 ratio. No other main effects of restricted sleep were shown. Two significant interactions showed that restricted sleep resulted in increased TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the late evening and early night hours (p's<.05). In addition, all variables varied across the 24 h day. Conclusions: 5-days of sleep restriction is characterized by a shift towards Th2 activity (i.e. lower 1L-2/IL-4 ratio) which is similar to the effects of acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress. This may have implications for people suffering from conditions characterized by excessive Th2 activity like in allergic disease, such as asthma, for whom restricted sleep could have negative consequences. BAS AK, 1991, IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, V123, P5
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- Basic, D., et al.
(författare)
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Context-dependent responses to novelty in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), selected for high and low post-stress cortisol responsiveness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 105:5, s. 1175-1181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies in a rainbow trout model, selectively bred for high (HR) and low (LR) post stress plasma cortisol levels, have yielded data that are indicative of contrasting stress coping styles. Fish from the HR line have been suggested to display a more diverse behavioral repertoire in challenging situations than the LR counterpart. The present study addressed whether such variation in behavioral flexibility traits was evident in different experimental settings using these selection lines. The fish were subjected to three sets of challenges (novel object test, resident-intruder test and confinement stressor test), all which were repeated a week later. Introducing a novel object evoked a divergent behavioral response in association with feeding: fish from the LR line displayed consistently suppressed feed intake while the HR fish remained unaffected. This observation was found to be repeatable along with attack latency and movement activity from the resident-intruder and confinement stressor tests. These results indicate that the behavioral responses in this animal model are context-dependent and shed new light on the expression of behavioral flexibility.
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- Kanaki, K., et al.
(författare)
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Statistical energy determination in neutron detector systems for neutron scattering science
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479905348 ; , s. Art. no. 6829644-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy determination of thermal and cold neutrons could revolutionize the field of neutron scattering science and transform the instrument design for future facilities. This contribution evaluates the feasibility and potential of a statistical determination of the neutron energy in the new generation of neutron detectors. In particular, the novel technology of multi-layer 10B thin film detectors present a unique opportunity of exploiting this possibility by using the various neutron penetration depths to extract energy information. A statistical mathematical model for doing so is being developed. To this end, measurements of absorption profiles on boron carbide have been performed at the Institutt for Energiteknikk, Norway and the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Germany. The results of the data analysis allow for a preliminary estimate on the feasibility and the potential of this method. © 2013 IEEE.
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