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- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(author)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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In: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 2. |
- Thoma, s V, et al.
(author)
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Hydrophilized and functionalized microtiter plates for the site-specific coupling of antigens and antibodies: application to the diagnosis of viral cardiac and autoimmune diseases
- 1993
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In: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 77, s. 125-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extensive adsorption of macromolecules (antigens and antibodies) took place when they were covalently bound to non-hydrophilized polystyrene microtiter plates. Precoating polystyrene surfaces with gelatin reduced this non-specific adsorption only partially, whereas precoating with uncharged polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polysaccharides eliminated the problem totally. On such hydrophilized plates functionalized with epoxide groups, antigens and antibodies were randomly bound. On those functionalized with acid hydrazide, antibodies were site-specifically bound by their carbohydrate residues. These site-specifically bound antibodies retained greater reactivity and more of their native antigenic structure than randomly coupled antibodies. They therefore permitted the measurement of a minor analyte (D-dimer) in the presence of an excess of major components such as fibrinogen. Enzyme immunoassays which were uninterpretable on non-hydrophilized plates because Or the adsorption Or immunoglobulin gave meaningful results on hydrophilized plates. This held true for immunoglobulin aggregates formed artificially either by successive cycles of freezing and thawing or by the acid treatment of serum to dissociate immune complexes. The latter approach permitted us to obtain unequivocal evidence for the presence of antibodies specific for human T-cell Iymphotropic virus type I (HTLV1) in immune complexes in sera with no detectable free antibody. For naturally occurring aggregates which are often found in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases, the use of hydrophilized plates also permitted antibody levels to be measured in instances where background noise was greater than the signal on non-hydrophilized plates. This combination of hydrophilization and site-specific coupling of monoclonal antibodies of a defined specificity should provide a distinct advantage when developing routine covalent enzyme linked immunoassays (CELIAs) for minor analytes, in a mixture with major constituents, as is often encountered, in both human and veterinary medicine and in the food industry.
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| 3. |
- Na, A., et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine with (n-3) fatty acids by phospholipase A 2 in microemulsion
- 1990
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In: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. - 0003-021X .- 1558-9331. ; 67:11, s. 766-770
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phosphatidylcholine containing a long chain polyunsaturated acyl group at the 2-position has been prepared by phospholipase A 2 catalyzed esterification of lysophosphatidylcholine with polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA (C20:5) or DHA (C22:6). Preliminary studies showed that the other fatty acids, such as lauric acid (C12), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18) and linoleic acid (C18:2), were also incorporated. To our knowledge, phospholipase A 2 catalyzed condensation reactions have not been reported in the literature before. The reactions were performed in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate-based microemulsions containing small amounts of water. Synthesis of the same phospholipid by transesterification of phosphatidylcholine with the polyunsaturated acids in microemulsion failed; however, enzymatic hydrolysis to lysophosphatidylcholine was facile, quantitative conversion from phosphatidylcholine being attained after 16 hr reaction time. An additional observation was that, unlike enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids, the condensation reaction catalyzed by phospholipase A 2 was totally independent of the presence of calcium. © 1990 AOCS Press.
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| 4. |
- Risenfors, M, et al.
(author)
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Effect on early intravenous rt-PA on infarct size estimated from serum enzyme activity : results from the TEAHAT Study
- 1991
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 734:suppl 1, s. 11-18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 319 patients who participated in a double-blind trial to evaluate the effect of early rt-PA administration compared to placebo in suspected acute myocardial infarction, infarct size was assessed from analyses of serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD 1). Treatment was always started less than 3 h after the onset of symptoms, with one-third of the patients' treatment being initiated outside the hospital. The maximum activity of LD 1 was reduced by 32%, from 13.3 mu kat l-1 in placebo to 9.0 mu kat l-1 in rt-PA treated patients (P = 0.001). A reduction in LD-1 activity after rt-PA treatment was restricted to patients with ST-elevation in the initial electrocardiogram, and was more pronounced in patients with previous ischaemic heart disease, above median age, and in those with a shorter delay in initiation of treatment. We conclude that very early intravenous treatment with rt-PA limits indirect signs of infarct size. The effect appears to be restricted to patients with ST-segment elevation in their initial electrocardiogram.
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