| 1. |
- Frantzich, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Brand och explosion
- 2003
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Ingår i: Risker i tekniska system. - 9144026641 ; , s. 275-299
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Sensing Manikin Test Probe
- 2000
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - 1099-1018. ; 24:4, s. 195-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A manikin test probe has been developed to simulate the thermal behaviour of human skin when exposed to thermal conditions likely to occur in fires. The threshold for second-degree burn injuries is evaluated from the temperature readings using a damage integral. The probe has been exposed to different radiation fluxes and the calculated damage criterion for second-degree burn injuries is in agreement with data from the literature on human skin and pig skin. Probes mounted on a manikin have been used to assess how the extent of burn injuries develop as a function of time on a fully dressed pilot inside a military aeroplane surrounded by a large pool fire. In another scenario burn injuries for humans inside a fire room are assessed when a super-heated water mist extinguishing system is activated.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Heat sensing manikin test probe
- 2000
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Ingår i: Fire and Materials. - 0308-0501 .- 1099-1018. ; 24, s. 195-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Göransson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical and experimental investigation of flame spread over a PMMA surface
- 2004
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is the experimental and numerical investigation of flame spread over a PMMA surface. A series of upward flame spread tests were carried out in a cylindrical combustion room, with measurements made for gas velocity, surface temperature and surface heat fluxes. A CFD based flame spread model was then used for the simulation of the experiment. This model consists of a four-equation turbulence model, an eddy-break-up (EBU) combustion model, a discrete transfer (DT) radiation model, a statistical narrow band (SNB) gas model, a soot model, and a pyrolysis model for non-charring solids. Comparison was made between the numerical predictions and the experimental data. A reasonable qualitative agreement was found between two sets of data.
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| 7. |
- Holmstedt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Underventilerad brand
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combustion of hydrocarbons in under-ventilated conditions has been studied experimentally and simulated with the CFD-code SOFIE. This report covers the experimental study in a 1/3 scale model of the ISO room corner test (ISO) 9705). The CFD-simulation part of the project has been published earlier in a SP-Report 1996:41 “CFD Modelling if under-ventilated Fires” by Heimo Touvinen and presented at the Second International Seminar on Fire-and Explosion hazard of Substances and venting of Deflagrations, Moscow 1997 and is published in the proceedings of the conference. In these experiments heptane was burnt in a 1/3 scale room model. The global equivalence ratio (GER) was changed during the experiments from a low value, (well ventilated fire) up to 1.8. At higher equivalence ratios the fire got unstable with violent fluctuations and flames now and then emerging out of the room. The following quantities were measured as a function of time in the experiments: Inside the room; Gas temperatures at eight levels (vertical array) in the corner of the room; Surface temperatures at six positions (three on the walls and three on the ceiling); Weight of the liquid fuel. In the doorway; Gas temperatures at seven levels (vertical array) in the centre of the doorway; Gas concentrations in the doorway (CO, CO2,) Global equivalence ratio in the doorway (Phi-meter). In the exhaust duct; Gas concentration(CO, CO2, O2, and HC); Light attenuation due to smoke; Pressure drop from a bi-directional probe mounted in the centre of the duct; Gas temperature in the centre of the duct. The following quantities has been derived from the measurement: Mass loss rate of fuel; Mass flow in the exhaust duct; Global equivalence ratio; Rate of heat release; Yields of CO, CO2, HC and soot at different equivalence ratios up to 1.8. The report includes three appendix, Appendix A (calibration procedures) Appendix B (derived variables as a function of time) and Appendix C 1-2 (raw data files of the experiments).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Omrane, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
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Surface temperature measurement of flame spread using thermographic phosphors
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 7th IAFSS Symposium on Fire Safety Science. ; , s. 141-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A technique based on remote measurements of surface temperature in connection to fires is presented. Pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation at 266 nm and 7 ns duration was used to excite a thermographic phosphor, Mg4FGeO6: Mn, which was adapted on the surface of the investigated material. The laser-induced emission from the phosphor was recorded. A calibration of the phosphorescence lifetime and spectral properties against temperature allowed surface temperature measurements between 25°C and 500°C. The method was tested and compared with thermocouple measurements on burning materials such as lowdensity fiberboards and polymethylmethan acrylate.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Sardqvist, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Water for manual fire suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Fire Protection Engineering. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-3915. ; 11:4, s. 209-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water demand for manual fire suppression is analyzed. The Fire Point Theory is validated concerning fuel surface cooling effects and the critical water flow rate is determined and compared with previous investigations. It is shown that the critical flow rate is not the best use of resources. Therefore, the water flow giving the minimum total volume is determined. Data from real fires was compared with this experimentally-determined flow. There is a difference between experiments and real fires in terms of the water flow rate used, the control time and the total volume of water used. The reasons behind these differences are explained.
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| 12. |
- Särdqvist, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation Between Firefighting Operation and Fire Area: Analysis of Statistics
- 2000
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - 0015-2684. ; 36:2, s. 109-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate whether current statistics can quantify the benefits of fire brigades. A detailed investigation by the London Fire Brigade of most fires in the greater London area has been underway since 1994. The present study concerns 307 fires in non-residential buildings between 1994 and 1997. Times to detection, to arrival of the fire brigade, and to extinguishment of the fire, as well as the process of extinguishing it, are compared to the final property damage caused by the fire. In half of the fires, the final fire area equals the area at detection, and in three-quarters of the fires, the final fire area equals the fire area when the fire brigade arrived. No support was obtained for the hypothesis that the period between ignition and the time the fire brigade intervened correlates with fire area. However, the hypothesis is supported for fires still spreading when the brigade arrives. Both water flow rate for extinguishing a fire and water application time are proportional to the square root of the fire area. Total water demand is proportional to the fire area.
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