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- Ahlgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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De stora restaureringarna : Från Uppsala domkyrka till Skokloster
- 2004
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De stora restaureringarna har varit årets tema. Genom att dokumentera och analysera teori och praktik i några av 1800- och 1900-talets största restaureringar - från genomgripande stilrestaureringar till ett mer återhållsamt och tekniskt skonsamt synsätt. Därmed får vi också ett bättre underlag även för dagens ställningstagande.Föremål för våra studier är Uppsala domkyrka, Gripsholms slott, Vreta klosterkyrka, Gustav 11I:s paviljong i Haga, Kungapalatset i Vadstena och Skoklosters slott. Vi hoppas att denna utställning skall bidra till en kritisk hållning och en ökad kunskap om restaureringskonsten, som kvalificerad yrkesuppgift, tidsspegel för historiesyn och som gestaltningsideal.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of Fe clusters embedded in a Co matrix from first-principles theory
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 70:17, s. 174446-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have calculated spin and orbital moments for Fe clusters of sizes up to 700 atoms embedded as impurities in a bcc Co matrix. The calculations have been carried out using relativistic first-principles real-space density functional theory, and we have made a comparison with earlier experimental studies. For Fe atoms close to theFeCo interface, the spin moments are found to increase while atoms far from the interface exhibit bulklike moments. The Co moments remain essentially unchanged and close to the moment of bulk bcc Co. With increasing cluster size, the average moments of the cluster atoms decrease due to the decreased surface to volume ratio. The orbital moments of both Fe and Co are calculated to be small and they stay almost constant regardless of cluster size. Our results for spin moments agree with experimental data but the calculated orbital moments are slightly underestimated. A simplified model indicates that a compound of close-packed Fe clusters surrounded by Co show higher average total moments compared to bulk and multilayer systems with a similar concentration. This increase seems to disappear when cluster-cluster interactions are taken into account. The general trend is that for a given alloy concentration of FexCo1−x, clustering tends to lower the average magnetic moment compared to that of ordered structures and random alloys.
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- Eriksson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetism of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 15, s. 599-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss in this paper the magnetic and structural parameters of Fe/V and Fe/Co multilayers. The electronic structure, magnetic moments (spin and orbital) and Curie temperatures as well as the magneto-crystalline anisotropy are calculated using first principles theory. Although theory is fairly successful in reproducing the experimental data we argue that the observed difference between theory and experiment most likely is due to lattice imperfections and that the interface between e.g. Fe and V is not perfectly sharp. We also present a model, based on the theory of elasticity, for analysing the structural properties of multilayers.
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| 5. |
- Friberg, Leif, 1957-
(författare)
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Från sonett till drömtext : Gunnar Björlings väg mot modernismen
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this dissertation is the Finland-Swedish author Gunnar Björling (1887-1960) and his journey towards Modernism. The principle thesis of this dissertation, the idea that Björling’s distinctive language cannot be understood without an underlying modernistic current, is outlined in Chapter I. It also discusses the idea that Modernism cannot be reduced to a matter of style, but encompasses particular values, ideological stances and practical matters, such as the forming of alliances, writing manifestos and publishing journals.Chapter II examines how and why Björling came to be regarded as a modernist. A strongly contributing factor was Björling’s language, which from the very first violated prevailing ideas on acceptable forms of expression. The fact that he published his first book through the modernist publishing firm Daimon, and contributed to its journal Ultra, further confirmed his modernistic placing.Chapter III focuses on Björling’s unpublished juvenilia from the 1910’s. The young Björling wrote traditional rhyming verse but was also influenced by writings of a more symbolistic and modern character. The chapter concludes with a study of bizarrerierna, Björling’s dream notes, originally written during the 1910’s but first published in 1928. With their bold enjambments and highly compressed form, these notes came to influence the continued development of his lyrical imagery.Chapter IV deals with his debut Vilande dag (Resting day) (1922) and its symbolistically coloured language problematic. Björling struggled to find a language that would convey his experience of the limitlessness of being, a language striving to transcend words, leaving space for silence.This struggle for the right words continues in the later Korset och löftet (The cross and the promise) (1925) and Chapter V demonstrates how this is connected with the quest for God. In the wake of German Expressionism and Dadaism, Björling adopts a more disjointed syntax and a bolder and more dissonant lyrical imagery. There also occurs a thematic expansion, giving greater prominence to the daily life of the metropolis, a life transformed by media. In accordance with modernistic patterns, Björling chose to end his book with a theoretical epilogue, which is a distinctive collation of life philosophy, anti-clericalism, passionate religiousness, moral-philosophical discussions and aesthetic expositions.
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| 8. |
- Holmström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Desflurane results in higher cerebral blood flow than sevoflurane or isoflurane at hypocapnia in pigs.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 48:4, s. 400-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In clinical neuroanaesthesia, the increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intracranial pressure caused by the cerebral vasodilative effects of an inhalational anaesthetic agent is counteracted by the cerebral vasoconstriction induced by hypocapnia. Desflurane and sevoflurane may have advantages over the more traditionally used isoflurane in neuroanaesthesia but their dose-dependent vasodilative effects at hypocapnia have not been compared in the same model using truly equipotent minimal alveolar concentrations (MACs). Method: Desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane were administered in a randomized order to six pigs at 0.5 and 1.0 MAC. The intra-arterial xenon clearance technique was used to calculate CBF. Blood pressure was invasively monitored. Cerebral and systemic physiological variables were recorded first at normocapnia (PaCO2 5.6 kPa) and then at hypocapnia (PaCO2 3.5 kPa). Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was continuously recorded. Results: None of the three agents abolished cerebrovascular reactivity to hyperventilation, and at 0.5 MAC all had similar effects on CBF at hypocapnia. Desflurane at 1.0 MAC was associated with 16% higher CBF (P = 0.027) at hypocapnia than isoflurane, and with 24% higher CBF (P = 0.020) than sevoflurane. There was no seizure activity in the EEG. Conclusion: More cerebral vasodilation at hypocapnia with high doses of desflurane than with sevoflurane or isoflurane indicates that desflurane might be less suitable for neuroanaesthesia than sevoflurane and isoflurane.
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| 14. |
- Järnberg, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Retrospektiva studier av perfluoralkylsulfonsyror i den svenska miljön - Andra och avslutande året av screeningundersökningen : Slutrapport
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Högfluorerade organiska ämnen har på senare tid uppmärksammats internationellt som potentiellt miljöstörande ämnen. Deras kemiska och biologiska persistens medför att de är mycket långlivade i miljön. Perfluoralkylsulfonsyror och perfluoralkylkarboxylsyror innefattar ett flertal isomera föreningar med mellan 4 och 12 kol i strukturen. De förekommer dels som rena ämnen i produkter, men även som delstrukturer i derivat och polymera produkter. Några ämnen, perfluorooktansyra (PFOA) och perfluoroktansulfonsyra (PFOS) har också visats innebära toxikologiska risker genom deras leverskadande och reproduktionsstörande egenskaper. Ämnena bioackumulerar och biomagnifierar och återfinns i kraftigt förhöjda koncentrationer hos toppkonsumenter som t.ex. säl och rovfågel, samt i blod från människa. Sammantaget med deras produktionsvolymer och spridda användningsområden har detta gett anledning att undersöka spridningen av dessa ämnen i den svenska urbana miljön. På grund av det mångsidiga användningsområdet av perfluoralkylsyror som derivat och i polymer form är användningen svår att kartlägga. Några användningsområden som identifierats i Sverige är ytbehandling, industriell textil- och läderbehandling, skumsläckningsmedel samt konsumentprodukter för textil och lädervård. Användningen av PFOS-baserade produkter har troligen minskat kraftigt sedan 2002 efter att den största tillverkaren 3M frivilligt dragit ned produktionen. ITM påbörjade 2001 ett undersökningsprogram på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket för att kartlägga användning och spridning av PFOS och PFOA i Sverige. Det har visat sig att PFOS finns spritt i måttliga koncentrationer i den urbana miljön, men även återfinns i låga halter i biota i prover från opåverkade miljöer. PFOA däremot kunde ej påvisas i mätbara halter i något biologiskt prov. Som en följd av dessa resultat beslutade Naturvårdsverket om en fortsatt studie av tidsutvecklingen av dessa typer av ämnen i den svenska miljön. Denna rapport beskriver resultaten av den andra delen av screeningprojektet och innefattar data på biologisk spridning för PFOS i gädda, abborre och sillgrissleägg och en tidstrend för PFOS i sillgrissleägg. Undersökningen ger ett underlag för vidare monitorering av halter av PFOS och liknande substanser i Sverige.
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| 15. |
- Nielsen, Peder, 1969-
(författare)
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Kommunindelning och demokrati : Om sammanläggning och delning av kommuner i Sverige
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the territorial dimension of democracy by studying the division of Swedish municipalities. It consists of two parts focusing on two types of changes to the division of municipalities: amalgamation and secession.The consequences of a series of amalgamation reforms are the starting point for the first part. The question is if the new structure of the municipalities following from amalgamation, e.g. increased size, changed centre-periphery relations and an increased number of urban areas within municipalities, has had any importance for local democracy. The structural factors are looked at in the light of three aspects of democracy: municipalities as community units, their democratic legitimacy and political participation. This study shows that amalgamations can have negative effects for democracy and the conclusion is that the optimal division, from a democratic point of view, is one of small municipalities with only one dominating urban area in each municipality.As for secession, the study shows that few citizens want their part of the municipality to secede, except for those who live in parts that have had an application for secession rejected in recent years. The most important reason for supporting secession is that it would improve democracy. The main reason for opposing secession is that it would lead to decreased efficiency. The study also shows that certain conditions may change the attitude to secession, but these conditions cannot explain why a higher proportion than average is positive to secession in municipality parts that have applied for secession in recent years.
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| 16. |
- Widerlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory simulation of flocculation processes in a flooded tailings impoundment at the Kristineberg Zn-Cu mine, northern Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Geochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-2927 .- 1872-9134. ; 19:10, s. 1537-1551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A laboratory mixing experiment was performed to simulate the flocculation processes that can be expected when natural stream water mixes with the saline water in flooded tailings impoundments. Mixing plots where dissolved (<0.22 μm) Ca, Mg, Na, K, S and Si were plotted vs. a conservative mixing index revealed a conservative mixing behaviour for these elements. Similar plots for dissolved Fe, Mn, Al and total organic C (TOC) showed that dissolved Fe and Al flocculated within 24 h after the mixing of the waters. Dissolved Mn was removed from solution 13-98 days after mixing, presumably due to the oxidation of Mn2+. Removal of TOC could not be detected in the mixing bottles. However, the flocculants that settled in the mixing bottles (1.7-3.4 mg flocs L-1 of stream water) contained 18 wt% C and 14-19 wt% acid-leacheable Fe. Organic C and Fe oxyhydroxides thus appear to form substantial fractions of the flocculants. If stream water is diverted through tailings ponds as part of a remediation programme, flocculation processes are likely to contribute to natural sedimentation in the pond. However, the relative contribution from flocculated particulate matter may be significant only when the stream-water transport of suspended matter into the impoundment is low (<10-15 mg L-1). Trace metal uptake in the flocculants that settled in the mixing bottles resulted in removal of Cd (0.024-0.028 μg L-1), Co (0.15-0.17 μg L-1), Cu (1.8-3.5 μg L-1) and Zn (15-29 μg L-1) from the dissolved phase. Relative to the dissolved trace metal concentrations in the tailings pond water used in the experiment (Cd=0.435-0.438 μg L-1; Co=0.738-0.763 μg L-1; Cu=3.16-5.05 μg L-1; Zn=26.6-32.6 μg L-1), the trace metal uptake exceeded 50% of these concentrations only for Cu and Zn.
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| 17. |
- Åhman, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Nasal symptoms and pathophysiology in farmers
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 74:4, s. 279-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Increased morbidity and mortality in lower airway diseases have been reported among farmers. The aim of this study was to assess upper airway problems in farmers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five dairy farmers, 20 pig farmers, 21 grain farmers and 19 control subjects were studied, by use of questionnaire, skin-prick test, dynamic spirometry, nasal inspection, acoustic rhinometry (before and after a decongestant) as well as by determinations of the olfactory threshold and nasal lavage (NAL) concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and albumin. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, farmers had more complaints of work-related symptoms from the lower airways, and symptoms of smell impairment, and more often had nasal polyps and hyperaemia of the nasal mucosa. They also had higher levels of MPO in NAL (especially dairy farmers and pig farmers), and a tendency to more swollen nasal mucosa and lower olfactory threshold (especially grain farmers). CONCLUSIONS: The farmers had more pathological findings in their nasal mucosa, possibly indicating effects of allergens and irritants in their work environment. More studies are needed to evaluate work environment factors causing these pathological findings in farmers.
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