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- Sprovieri, F., et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:18, s. 11915-11935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010-2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.
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- Ekman, S., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment (Tx) patterns and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with NSCLC in Sweden : A SCAN-LEAF study analysis from the I-O Optimise initiative
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534. ; 30:Suppl 2, s. 17-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As part of I-O Optimise, a multinational research platform providing real-world insights into the management of lung cancers, the SCAN-LEAF study aims to describe the epidemiology, clinical care and outcomes for pts with NSCLC in Scandinavia. We report initial Tx and OS for pts with NSCLC prior to the availability of immunotherapies in Sweden. Methods: The analysis includes all adult pts diagnosed with NSCLC at Uppsala and Karolinska (Stockholm) University Hospitals from 2012 to 2015 (follow-up to Dec 2016). Electronic medical record data were extracted using Pygargus CXP software and linked with national registries. Bespoke rule-based algorithms were applied to describe Tx patterns; Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate OS. Results: 2779 pts were diagnosed with incident NSCLC (median age, 70 yrs [range: 22–96; 14.2% ≥80]; male, 48.5%; histology: non-squamous (NSQ), 70.9%, squamous (SQ), 17.7%, other, 11.4%; stage distribution: I, 19.3%; II, 7.7%; IIIA, 12.3%; IIIB, 7.2%; IV, 51.2%). Initial Tx (≤6 months from diagnosis) by stage and yr of diagnosis is shown in the table. Median OS (months) for NSQ and SQ pts: not reached and 52.8 in stage I, 43.2 and 23.6 in stage II, 26.7 and 20.4 in stage IIIA, 12.5 and 12.9 in stage IIIB, and 7.6 and 6.1 in stage IV, respectively. Among stage IIIB–IV pts, 60.7% (NSQ) and 53.5% (SQ) had ≥1 line of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT); median OS was 12.2 (NSQ) and 10.4 (SQ) months in pts on SACT, and 3.1 (NSQ) and 3.7 (SQ) months in pts not on SACT. Ongoing analyses will assess factors associated with SACT receipt in stage IIIB–IV pts. Conclusions: Swedish pts with NSCLC had a high burden of disease, with most diagnosed at stage IV and a median OS of 1 yr in late-stage pts receiving SACT. There is also scope for improved prognosis in pts diagnosed at early stages, particularly in SQ pts. Future analyses will assess the potential impact of recent improvements in diagnostics and therapeutics on Tx patterns and OS in Swedish NSCLC pts.
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- Sørensen, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with incident NSCLC in Denmark and Sweden : A SCAN-LEAF study analysis from the I-O Optimise initiative
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534. ; 30:Suppl 2, s. 16-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: As part of I-O Optimise, a multinational research platform providing real-world insights into the management of lung cancers, the SCAN-LEAF study aims to describe the epidemiology, clinical care, and outcomes for pts with NSCLC in Scandinavia. Here, we report temporal OS trends among pts diagnosed with incident NSCLC from 2005 to 2015 in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: The SCAN-LEAF Danish and Swedish cohorts were established by linking respective national registries and include all adult pts diagnosed with incident NSCLC from Jan 2005 to Dec 2015 (follow-up to Dec 2016). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate OS at 1, 3, and 5 yrs by histology (non-squamous cell [NSQ] or squamous cell [SQ]), TNM stage, and yr of diagnosis; changes in OS over time were assessed using the Cochrane–Armitage test. Results: 31,939 pts in Denmark and 30,067 pts in Sweden were diagnosed with NSCLC from 2005 to 2015. Most were diagnosed at stage IV (51.6% and 48.4%, respectively) and had NSQ histology (54.4% and 60.4%). Statistically significant trends (P < 0.05) for improved OS accompanied by an absolute OS rate increase of > 5% over the analysis period were seen for NSQ pts at 1 yr for all stages in both countries (Table); at 3 yrs for stages I–IIIB in Denmark (P ≤ 0.027), and stages I–II (P ≤ 0.0013) in Sweden; and at 5 yrs for stages I–II (P ≤ 0.026) in both countries. For SQ pts, this was seen only at 1 yr for stage IIIA in Denmark and stage I in Sweden (Table), and at 5 yrs for stage IIIA in Denmark (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Despite some improvements between 2005 and 2015, mainly in the short-term survival of pts with early-stage NSCLC, long-term OS rates for pts with late-stage disease did not change significantly and remained low. Even in pts with early-stage disease, OS outcomes were suboptimal, with a particular unmet need in the SQ population. Future analyses including data after 2015 will evaluate the potential impact on OS of increased use of new TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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| 19. |
- Lorbek, G, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from hepatocyte-specific Cyp51 knockout mice: impaired cholesterol synthesis leads to oval cell-driven liver injury
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5, s. 8777-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate unequivocally that defective cholesterol synthesis is an independent determinant of liver inflammation and fibrosis. We prepared a mouse hepatocyte-specific knockout (LKO) of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) from the part of cholesterol synthesis that is already committed to cholesterol. LKO mice developed hepatomegaly with oval cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation, but without steatosis. The key trigger was reduced cholesterol esters that provoked cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype and ultimately the oval cell response, while elevated CYP51 substrates promoted the integrated stress response. In spite of the oval cell-driven fibrosis being histologically similar in both sexes, data indicates a female-biased down-regulation of primary metabolism pathways and a stronger immune response in males. Liver injury was ameliorated by dietary fats predominantly in females, whereas dietary cholesterol rectified fibrosis in both sexes. Our data place defective cholesterol synthesis as a focus of sex-dependent liver pathologies.
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- Nerentorp, Michelle, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Speciation of mercury in the waters of the Weddell, Amundsen and Ross Seas (Southern Ocean)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203 .- 1872-7581. ; 193, s. 20-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the distance from large anthropogenic emission sources, toxic mercury is transported via the atmosphere and oceans to the Southern Ocean. Seawater samples were collected at selected stations and were analysed for total mercury (HgT) (8 stations), dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) (62 stations) and methylmercury (12 stations) during winter (Weddell Sea), spring (Weddell Sea) and summer (Amundsen and Ross Seas) in the Southern Ocean. The HgT distribution in water columns was found to not vary significantly with depth. In the Weddell Sea the average column concentration was higher in spring (2.6 +/- 1.3 pM, 2 stations) than in winter (2.0 +/- 1.0 pM, 6 stations). We hypothesize that the seasonal HgT increase is due to atmospheric deposition of particulate Hg(II) formed during atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs), as well as the addition of inorganic mercury species from melting sea ice and snow. Furthermore, HgT concentrations found in this study were significantly higher than previously measured in the Southern Ocean (Cossa et al., 2011), which was hypothesized to be due to seasonal variations in atmospheric deposition. The average water column DGM concentration in the Weddell Sea was 454 +/- 254 fM in winter and 384 +/- 239 fM in spring. The lowest average DGM concentration was found in summer in the Amundsen and Ross Seas (299 +/- 137 fM). The highest observed concentration in winter was hypothesized to be caused by the larger sea ice coverage, which is known to reduce the evasion of Hg(0) from the sea surface. The average monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentration in the Weddell Sea was 60 +/- 30 fM in winter (6 stations) and 95 +/- 85 fM in spring (2 stations), showing no significant seasonal difference. In the Amundsen and Ross Seas the summer average concentration of MeHg (MMHg and dimethylmercury; DMHg) was 135 +/- 189 fM (4 stations). The highest MeHg concentration was found in modified circumpolar deep water, which is known to have high primary production. 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Assortative mating and the evolution of desirability covariation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Evolution and human behavior. - : Elsevier. - 1090-5138 .- 1879-0607. ; 40:5, s. 479-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mate choice lies dose to differential reproduction, the engine of evolution. Patterns of mate choice consequently have power to direct the course of evolution. Here we provide evidence suggesting one pattern of human mate choice-the tendency for mates to be similar in overall desirability-caused the evolution of a structure of correlations that we call the d factor. We use agent-based models to demonstrate that assortative mating causes the evolution of a positive manifold of desirability, d, such that an individual who is desirable as a mate along any one dimension tends to be desirable across all other dimensions. Further, we use a large cross-cultural sample with n = 14,478 from 45 countries around the world to show that this d-factor emerges in human samples, is a cross-cultural universal, and is patterned in a way consistent with an evolutionary history of assortative mating. Our results suggest that assortative mating can explain the evolution of a broad structure of human trait covariation.
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| 22. |
- Conroy-Beam, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting Computational Models of Mate Preference Integration Across 45 Countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans express a wide array of ideal mate preferences. Around the world, people desire romantic partners who are intelligent, healthy, kind, physically attractive, wealthy, and more. In order for these ideal preferences to guide the choice of actual romantic partners, human mating psychology must possess a means to integrate information across these many preference dimensions into summaries of the overall mate value of their potential mates. Here we explore the computational design of this mate preference integration process using a large sample of n = 14,487 people from 45 countries around the world. We combine this large cross-cultural sample with agent-based models to compare eight hypothesized models of human mating markets. Across cultures, people higher in mate value appear to experience greater power of choice on the mating market in that they set higher ideal standards, better fulfill their preferences in choice, and pair with higher mate value partners. Furthermore, we find that this cross-culturally universal pattern of mate choice is most consistent with a Euclidean model of mate preference integration.
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| 23. |
- Covaci, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European member states: Overall results and determinants of exposure.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0953 .- 0013-9351. ; 141:Oct 13, s. 77-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in Europe, both European-wide and country-specific levels of urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) were obtained through a harmonized protocol for participant recruitment, sampling and quality controlled biomarker analysis in the frame of the twin projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES. 674 child-mother pairs were recruited through schools or population registers from six European member states (Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden). Children (5-12y) and mothers donated a urine sample. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, life style, dietary habits, and educational level of the parents was provided by mothers. After exclusion of urine samples with creatinine values below 300mg/L or above 3000mg/L, 653 children and 639 mothers remained for which BPA was measured. The geometric mean (with 95% confidence intervals) and 90th percentile were calculated for BPA separately in children and in mothers and were named "European reference values". After adjustment for confounders (age and creatinine), average exposure values in each country were compared with the mean of the "European reference values" by means of a weighted analysis of variance. Overall geometric means of all countries (95% CI) adjusted for urinary creatinine, age and gender were 2.04 (1.87-2.24) µg/L and 1.88 (1.71-2.07) µg/L for children (n=653) and mothers (n=639), respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant environmental, geographical, personal or life style related determinants. Consumption of canned food and social class (represented by the highest educational level of the family) were the most important predictors for the urinary levels of BPA in mothers and children. The individual BPA levels in children were significantly correlated with the levels in their mothers (r=0.265, p<0.001), which may suggest a possible common environmental/dietary factor that influences the biomarker level in each pair. Exposure of the general European population was well below the current health-based guidance values and no participant had BPA values higher than the health-based guidance values.
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| 24. |
- Llop, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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CYP3A genes and the association between prenatal methylmercury exposure and neurodevelopment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 105, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Results on the association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and child neuropsychological development are heterogeneous. Underlying genetic differences across study populations could contribute to this varied response to MeHg. Studies in Drosophila have identified the cytochrome p450 3A (CYP3A) family as candidate MeHg susceptibility genes. Objectives We evaluated whether genetic variation in CYP3A genes influences the association between prenatal exposure to MeHg and child neuropsychological development. Methods The study population included 2639 children from three birth cohort studies: two subcohorts in Seychelles (SCDS) (n = 1160, 20 and 30 months of age, studied during the years 2001–2012), two subcohorts from Spain (INMA) (n = 625, 14 months of age, 2003–2009), and two subcohorts from Italy and Greece (PHIME) (n = 854, 18 months of age, 2006–2011). Total mercury, as a surrogate of MeHg, was analyzed in maternal hair and/or cord blood samples. Neuropsychological development was evaluated using Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). Three functional polymorphisms in the CYP3A family were analyzed: rs2257401 (CYP3A7), rs776746 (CYP3A5), and rs2740574 (CYP3A4). Results There was no association between CYP3A polymorphisms and cord mercury concentrations. The scores for the BSID mental scale improved with increasing cord blood mercury concentrations for carriers of the most active alleles (β[95% CI]: = 2.9[1.53,4.27] for CYP3A7 rs2257401 GG + GC, 2.51[1.04,3.98] for CYP3A5 rs776746 AA + AG and 2.31[0.12,4.50] for CYP3A4 rs2740574 GG + AG). This association was near the null for CYP3A7 CC, CYP3A5 GG and CYP3A4 AA genotypes. The interaction between the CYP3A genes and total mercury was significant (p < 0.05) in European cohorts only. Conclusions Our results suggest that the polymorphisms in CYP3A genes may modify the response to dietary MeHg exposure during early life development.
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