| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hu, Jianfeng, et al.
(författare)
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Intragranular heterojunctions formed by ordered coalescence of strontium and barium titanate nanocrystals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 107, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystal growth by nanocrystal-assembly plays an important role in the synthesis and preparation of nanostructural materials. In most cases, this crystal-growth mechanism is reported to occur in unary nanocrystal systems and in solution environment. Here, we report a new observation of grain growth by ordered coalescence of nanocrystals occurring in SrTiO3-BaTiO3 binary system during solid-state sintering, which also results in unique oxide heterostructures inside coarsened grains in bulk polycrystalline materials.
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| 5. |
- Hu, Wensheng, et al.
(författare)
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Maintainability design based on complex network
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 14th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP). - 9781538610107 ; , s. 309-314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many faults come from the design phase. In order to improve the maintainability of the software, the design of software architecture must be adopted modular design. This paper presents a method of UML class diagram translated into a directed complex network with weight value. The relation weight coefficient matrix between classes can be calculated by Dijkstra algorithm. The clustering algorithm is implemented on the relation weight coefficient matrix. The result of clustering analysis is that the closely related classes can be clustered into a component. Finally, modular design of the software system can be realized. © 2017 IEEE.
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| 6. |
- Hu, Zengyun, et al.
(författare)
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DISO: A rethink of Taylor diagram
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 39:5, s. 2825-2832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate system, to reveal the corresponding physical mechanisms, and to project the future climate dynamics among atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice, such as regional climate models and global climate models. A comprehensive assessment of these climate models is important to identify their different overall performances, such as the accuracy of the simulated temperature and precipitation against the observed field. However, until now, the comprehensive performances of these models have not been quantified by a comprehensive index except the existed single statistical index, such as correlation coefficient (r), absolute error (AE), and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). To address this issue, therefore, in this study, a new comprehensive index Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation (DISO) is developed to describe the overall performances of different models against the observed field quantitatively. This new index DISO is a merge of different statistical metrics including r, AE, and RMSE according to the distance between the simulated model and observed field in a three‐dimension space coordinate system. From the relationship between AE, RMSE, and RMS difference (RMSD) (i.e., standard deviation [SD] of bias time series), the new index also has the information of RMSD which is the statistical index in Taylor diagram. An example is applied objectively to display the applications of DISO and Taylor diagram in identifying the overall performances of different simulated models. Overall, with the strong physical characteristic of the distance in three dimensional space and the strict mathematical proof, the new comprehensive index DISO can convey the performances among different models. It can be applied in the comparison between different model data and in tracking changes in their performances.
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| 7. |
- Hu, Zengyun, et al.
(författare)
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“Dry gets drier, wet gets wetter”: A case study over the arid regions of central Asia
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 39:2, s. 1072-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Royal Meteorological Society The “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” (DGDWGW) paradigm well describes the pattern of precipitation changes over the oceans. However, it has also been usually considered as a simplified pattern of regional changes in wet/dry under global warming, although GCMs mostly do not agree this pattern over land. To examine the validity of this paradigm over land and evaluate how usage of drought indices estimated from different hydrological variables affects detection of regional wet/dry trends, we take the arid regions of central Asia as a case study area and estimate the drying and wetting trends during the period of 1950–2015 based on multiple drought indices. These indices include the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and self-calibrating PDSI (sc_PDSI) with both the Thornthwaite (th) and Penman–Monteith (pm) equations in PDSI calculation (namely, PDSI_th, PDSI_pm, sc_PDSI_th and sc_PDSI_pm). The results show that there is an overall agreement among the indices in terms of inter-annual variation, especially for the PDSIs. All drought indices except SPI show a drying trend over the five states of central Asia (CAS5: including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). The four PDSIs and SPEI reveal a wetting tendency over the northwestern China (NW; including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hexi Corridor). The contrasting trends between CAS5 and NW can also be revealed in soil moisture (SM) variations. The nonlinear wet and dry variations are dominated by the 3–7 years oscillations for the indices. Relationships between the six indices and climate variables show the major drought drivers have regional features: with mean temperature (TMP), precipitation total (PRE) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for CAS5, and PRE and PET for NW. Finally, our analyses indicate that the dry and wet variations are strongly correlated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
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| 8. |
- Wang, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Defect formation by order coalescence in vermicular grains during alumina phase transformation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 107, s. 59-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vermicular alpha-Al2O3 grains obtained from gamma- to alpha-phase transformation were investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a left-shifting shoulder in all diffraction peaks of transformed alpha-Al2O3. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy results confirmed large amounts of defects inside the vermicular alpha-Al2O3 single-crystal. Combined with grain-growth discontinuity, the authors proposed that the defects inside vermicular grains resulted from assembly of nanosized alpha-crystallites by an ordered coalescence mechanism directly after phase transformation, by which the orientation alignment was thermodynamically favored in the solid-state sintering.
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| 9. |
- Wei, Guohui, et al.
(författare)
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Photothermal catalytic activity and mechanism of LaNixCo1-xO3(0 <= x <= 1) perovskites for CO2 reduction to CH4 and CH3OH with H2O
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials Research Express. - : IOP Publishing. - 2053-1591. ; 6:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of LaNixCo1-xO3 perovskites were synthesized by sol-gel combustion method, the photothermal catalysis of CO2 and H2O into CH4 and CH3OH was investigated systematically. The crystal structure, surface area, oxygen vacancies, band structures and catalytic performance of LaNixCo1-xO3 perovskites were characterized thoroughly in order to understand the design principle of the material for such a photothermal catalysis of CO2 and H2O. With the change of x value, the best catalytic performance was achieved at x = 0.4 and the accumulated yield of CH4 and CH3OH can reach 678.57, 20.83 mu molg(-1) in 6 h, which were 3.4 and 3.8, 1.9 and 2.2 times of that of two end composition, LaCoO3 and LaNiO3 under the same condition. For LaNi0.4Co0.6O3, the surface area reached a maximum concentration of oxygen vacancy while the band gap reached a minimum of 1.42 eV. It is evident that the formation of solid solution between LaMO3 (M = transition metals) compounds can be a general strategy for the new catalyst design.
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