| 1. |
- Hurtig, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Intercellular nanotubes : insights from imaging studies and beyond
- 2010
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Ingår i: WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY. - : Wiley. - 1939-5116 .- 1939-0041. ; 2:3, s. 260-276
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-cell communication is critical to the development, maintenance, and function of multicellular organisms. Classical mechanisms for intercellular communication include secretion of molecules into the extracellular space and transport of small molecules through gap junctions. Recent reports suggest that cells also can communicate over long distances via a network of transient intercellular nanotubes. Such nanotubes have been shown to mediate intercellular transfer of organelles as well as membrane components and cytoplasmic molecules. Moreover, intercellular nanotubes have been observed in vivo and have been shown to enhance the transmission of pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and prions in vitro. These studies indicate that intercellular nanotubes may play a role both in normal physiology and in disease. (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 260-276
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| 2. |
- Hurtig, T., et al.
(författare)
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Relativistic magnetic flux amplification
- 2013
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Ingår i: Digest of Technical Papers-IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference. - 9781467351676
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amplification of magnetic flux and electric polarization fields caused by a plasma streaming at relativistic velocity in to a magnetic field is discussed. It is shown that the electrostatic polarization field that arises in a plasma beam streaming across magnetic field lines at relativistic velocities will cause an amplification of the magnetic flux. This effect is in complete contrast to the expulsion of the magnetic field from the plasma interior that can be expected in high βK plasmas. The amplification is shown to be caused by the relativistic motion of the space charge layers setting up the polarization field. Three dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations that support this theory are presented.
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| 3. |
- Nyamhanga, T, et al.
(författare)
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Achievements and challenges of resource allocation for health in a decentralized system in Tanzania : perspectives of national and district level officers
- 2013
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Ingår i: East African Journal of Public Health. - 0856-8960. ; 10:2, s. 417-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The goal of this study was to identify the achievements and challenges of a resource allocation process in a decentralized health system in Tanzania as they are perceived by national and district level officers.Methodology: This study was conducted between May 2011 and July 2012 in two districts of Dodoma region: Kongwa and Bahi. Data were collected from 25 key people involved in policy, planning and management aspects for the allocation of financial resources from the central government to local government districts. Thus, the recruitment of the study participants was purposive, as it took account of their positions and experience in health resource allocation and management. The data were collected through conversation in face-to-face in-depth interviews with the officers concerned. The data were analysed manually using qualitative content analysis.Results: The study has identified the achievements and challenges of resource allocation in a decentralized health system of Tanzania. The achievements include: the design and use of a needs-based resource allocation formula; reduced resource allocation inequalities between rural and urban districts; and a wide discretion by the district council to mobilize and utilize health insurance funds and user fees. On the other hand, the challenges are: the disbursed funds fall far short of centrally determined budget ceilings, and the funds are sent late; Council Health Management Teams (CHMT) develop budgets but are restricted on the percentage they can allocate to different areas – so there is severe under-funding of disease prevention and health promotion initiatives at the community level.Conclusion: This study has identified achievements that should be further nurtured and challenges that should be worked on for the improvement of the decentralized health system. Thus, as a way forward, it is recommended that the equitable allocation of resources should go beyond the recurrent costs for the delivery of health services.
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| 4. |
- Ortega, F. B., et al.
(författare)
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Role of socio-cultural factors on changes in fitness and adiposity in youth : A 6-year follow-up study
- 2013
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 23:9, s. 883-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Optimal cardio-respiratory fitness and adiposity levels are tightly related to health in youth. We analysed changes in fitness and adiposity in young individuals from two countries, and examined the role of maternal education in these changes.METHODS AND RESULTS: A 6-year follow-up study was conducted on 483 Estonian children (9 years) and 466 Swedish children (9-10 years) and adolescents (15 years). Fitness was assessed by a maximal bike test, and total and central adiposity were indirectly estimated by skinfolds (Slaughter's equation for fat mass) and waist circumference. At follow-up, fitness and adiposity had increased in the children cohort (P ≤ 0.001), while small or no change occurred in the adolescent cohort. In the children cohort, Estonian participants had a lower increase in fitness and a higher increase in adiposity (total and central) than Swedish participants. Higher maternal education increased the odds of remaining fit (top quartile) by half and reduced the risk of remaining fat (top quartile) by half; odds ratios = 1.56 (1.00-2.43), 0.50 (0.32-0.77) and 0.61 (0.39-0.94) for fitness, total and central adiposity, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the socioeconomic situation of a country might influence key cardiovascular risk factors (fitness and adiposity), being at higher risk for a low-middle income country (Estonia) than a higher income country (Sweden). The findings stress the role of socioeconomic status, particularly maternal education, in the maintenance of healthy fitness and adiposity levels from childhood into later life. Preventive efforts have to be taken from early age.
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