| 1. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Circular products: the balance between sustainability and excessive margins in design
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 4, s. 1199-1208
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the world deals with climate change, it is crucial that new products are designed to be more sustainable. Product design strategies which conform to the Circular Economy principles have recently gained attention, which promote sustainability and resource efficiency. However, such strategies require careful consideration of uncertainties and the ways to mitigate them, e.g. by using margins. The pursuit of circularity can inadvertently lead to overdesign as designers strive to mitigate elevated risks, thereby making a product less sustainable. In this paper, we explore this balance.
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| 2. |
- Isaksson Hallstedt, Sophie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable product development in aeroengine manufacturing: challenges, opportunities and experiences from GKN Aerospace Engine System
- 2023
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Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2053-4701. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A radical shift in technology is necessary to enable future air transport solutions. Sustainability targets for aeroengine manufacturing mean more than reducing CO2 and NOX. The future will open up possibilities and bring new challenges when introducing hybrid- and electrical propulsion technologies using new materials, technology solutions and new business models. This article reports on findings from a longitudinal study and many years of collaboration between researchers and industry experts, where a first-tier aeroengine manufacturer transforms their product development capabilities to enable sustainable product development. The article highlights some activities undertaken and identifies critical challenges and opportunities remaining for a manufacturer of next-generation aeroengine solutions. It is argued that the challenge for aeroengine manufacturers to develop new-generation propulsive technologies will require a systemic change in the undertaking of design and development. The opportunities of sustainable technologies are evident yet require: (1) means to tighter integrate business and technology development, (2) the ability to quantify and assess sustainability impacts of different concept solutions, and (3) means to utilise natural resources, alloys and materials for a circular and life-cycle optimised solution.
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| 3. |
- Léonard, Pauline L.Y., et al.
(författare)
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An Introductory Study of the Sustainability Transition for the Aerospace Manufacturing Industry
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - 2352-751X .- 2352-7528. ; 52, s. 577-588
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the needs and clarify the sustainability challenges in relation to complex lifecycles within the aerospace field. It is an introductory study to understand how to improve the sustainability performance of aerospace solutions and aim to propose a comprehensive sustainability transition roadmap for the Aerospace industry in further research work. Society is increasingly demanding that the aviation industry adopt more sustainable practices, resulting in the formulation of new regulations and policies to limit the sustainability risks of this strategic industry. Existing regulations, such as the EU's Green Deal and the EU's critical raw materials act, are already impacting the Swedish aerospace manufacturing industry. Furthermore, circular economy is gaining significant attention in the manufacturing industry in general and is increasingly considered in aerospace. This exploratory and descriptive research is conducted with support of Swedish Aerospace manufacturers and aim to cover real industrial projects with products at different stages of development. The interviewed companies operate within both civil and governmental aerospace sectors, encompassing the entire spectrum of product development, from radically innovative technology introductions to enhancements made to existing systems and components. This paper highlights current challenges and several focus areas on which the aerospace manufacturers have started to work on and will have in focus for the next 5-10 years ahead. Differences in approach have been identified between early product development phases with radical innovations and more advanced and mature product development. The stakes and priorities are different and it is reflected on how the companies are working with sustainability today. There is a need to balance efforts between developing the right future products, and also improving current ones, to lead the sustainability transformation in the aerospace industry.
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| 4. |
- Hallstedt, Sophie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Forming Digital Sustainable Product Development Support
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2022. - : The Design Society. - 9781912254170
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability has shifted from strategically important to business critical for several manufacturing industries. This paper introduces an implementation framework to increase the capabilities in companies to design, develop and offer sustainable product- and production solutions in line with new regulatory strategies and plans. Based on a questionnaire survey, conducted in ten different product development companies representing different industrial sectors, the status and needs of sustainable product development were captured. Further on, a better understanding of the capabilities for a forthcoming digital sustainable product development support, were identified in an action research-based approach with three industrial companies. This paper presents the rational of a digital sustainable product development support, in relation to global sustainability goals and societal dimensions of sustainability transitions. The main results from the questionnaire presents the challenges and needs of capabilities for product developers and design engineers to develop more sustainable solutions in a resource efficient way. The action-based research with the three industrial manufacturing partners resulted in a set of common key activities and detailed requirements for a digital sustainable product development support. Finally, the paper describes a first prototype of a digital platform, i.e. Digital Sustainability Implementation Package-DSIP, and discusses future work. © Proceedings of NordDesign 2022: How Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies.
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| 5. |
- Hallstedt, Sophie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
The need for new product development capabilities from digitalization, sustainability, and servitization trends
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:23, s. 1-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apparent from the latest pandemic, the dynamics and rate of change in society accelerate on a global scale. Ongoing mega-trends in society, such as digitalization, sustainability, and servitization, fundamentally changes the conditions for manufacturers when developing and providing new products. This study clarifies the combined impact and consequences on product development capabilities in manufacturing firms of the three mega-trends: (i) digitalization, (ii) sustainability, and (iii) servitization. The research is based on a pre-study, complemented with a semi-structured interview study at small, medium-sized, and large Swedish-based manufacturing companies, and a systematic literature review. The research makes evident that the main challenge is to empower engineers and development teams to model, present, evaluate, and develop expected and smart digitalized solutions in a time-limited environment and prioritize the most resource efficient and sustainable solution. Therefore, four complementary support resources are suggested: (i) a knowledge management platform, (ii) a data management platform, (iii) a set of criteria and metrics measuring progression, and (iv) support methods and tools to define, model, and evaluate solutions. When integrated into a digital platform, developers can simultaneously access and process the necessary information needed for sustainable, digitalized, and servitized solutions. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-domain design assessment for aerospace components including weld accessibility
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; Volume 1 - August 2021, s. 2217-2225
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aeroengine manufacturers need to better include assessment of risk and cost for realising the novel products needed to meet the ambitions sustainability driven targets for air transport. Radical technologies are needed that simultaneously require critical manufacturing processes to be assessed already in conceptual design. In this paper, a multi-domain framework for conceptual design and evaluation is proposed that provide the ability to interactively explore the concepts that simultaneously allow a wider range of architectures can be assessed and still include weldability of the concepts. It has been demonstrated how high level, and function driven conceptual design alternatives can be modelled and evaluated to analyse risk and resilience of architectures. Geometrical concepts generated for the most interesting regimes using design of experiments covering a desired design space. For each CAD-model the welding process can be simulated to assess feasibility and lead time for welding, and return quantified results to be included in an integrated results data set for interactive decision making. The paper is the first report from a research project that improve concurrent design of product and production concepts.
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| 7. |
- Mallalieu, Adam, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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DERIVE AND INTEGRATE SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA IN DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; 3, s. 1197-1206
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing has the potential to decrease the climate impact of aviation by providing more light-weight designs. Sustainability is however required to be assessed from a systemic view, including all lifecycle phases, and from a social, ecologic, and economic dimension. This is however challenging in early phase design, where also a large design space need to be explored. A case study is carried out with an aerospace company where two candidate engineering design tools are combined to address this. The integration of these two engineering tools are applied on a Turbine Rear Structure, and shows promising results in enabling a systemic view of sustainability to be integrated and assessed in early phase design space explorations of additive manufactured components. It is recommended that the integration between the two tools is further established and validated. © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press.
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| 8. |
- Mallalieu, Adam, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability criteria for introducing new technologies in low-income contexts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press. ; 4, s. 1359-1368
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introducing new technologies in low-income contexts have potential for positive social impact, and such efforts are made by humanitarian engineering non-govermental organisations (NGOs). The impact can increase if a systemic sustainability perspective is considered in the design process. Sustainability criteria are identified using a literature study combined with an empirical study together with a Swedish NGO. These criteria are synthesized into a simplified Sustainability Fingerprint tool which is evaluated and deemed to be useful when introducing new technologies in low-income contexts. © 2024 Proceedings of the Design Society. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Ström, Mikael, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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A set-based-inspired design process supported by axiomatic design and interactive evolutionary algorithms
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Product Development. - : Inderscience Publishers. - 1477-9056 .- 1741-8178. ; 27:3, s. 186-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an approach towards a set-based design-inspired concept development process for products with a solution space consisting principally of different solution alternatives and parameterised variants of these. The hypothesis is that such a concept development process can be based on traditional synthesis methods, an SBD-inspired elimination strategy, axiomatic design and interactive Evolutionary Algorithms (IEAs) for the synthesis of solution candidates and the successive reduction of the solution space. Axiomatic design and its axioms are used to evaluate and eliminate unfeasible alternatives, whereas IEAs, combined with human judgement, are employed for the evaluation and elimination of variants. Stated criteria specifying a design problem can be of different kinds with different ontologies described by different authors. This study focuses on functional, constraining and qualitative criteria. Results from performed industrial case studies show that the proposed method can reduce the lead time in design work.
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| 10. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
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Design Space Exploration and Evaluation Using Margin-Based Trade-Offs
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - 1050-0472. ; 146:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design space exploration and margin analysis can inform critical decisions early in engineering design, helping to handle the uncertainties of early design while ensuring design performance. In practice, the complexity of many products makes such decision-making challenging. This paper addresses the challenge with a new design framework that relies on the margin value method to evaluate sets of concepts that are combinatorially generated from an enhanced function-means tree. The basis for concept comparison is the margin value in each design alternative. The margin value method is expanded to address a broad class of design problems by using surrogate models and novel metrics for evaluating different conceptual alternatives. Visualization tools are introduced to support the evaluations. The efficacy of the framework is demonstrated using the design of a structural aeroengine component involving simulation models and uncertain load specifications. Overall, this paper shows how design concepts can be compared objectively and distilled to a set of alternatives that would retain their values throughout product development.
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| 11. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal allocation of design margins in additive remanufacturing
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference. ; 3B-2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Often, coping with changing requirements results in substantial overdesign, because of the ways in which design margins are allocated at the beginning of the design process. In this paper, we present a design optimization method for minimizing overdesign using additive manufacturing. We use recently defined constituents of design margins (buffer and excess) as metrics in a design optimization problem to minimize overdesign. The method can be used to obtain optimal design decisions for changing requirements. We demonstrate our method by means of a turbine rear structure design problem where changes in the temperature loads are met by depositing different types of stiffeners on the outer casing. The optimal decisions obtained by optimization minimize overdesign but ensure that requirements are met throughout the product's lifecycle.
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| 12. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Design Margins Allocation When Making Use of Additive Remanufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1050-0472. ; 144:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirement changes can result in substantial overdesign because of the way design margins are allocated at the beginning of the design process. We present a design optimization method for minimizing overdesign by making use of additive remanufacturing and recently defined constituents of design margins (buffer and excess). The method can be used to obtain a set of design decisions for different changing requirement scenarios. We demonstrate our method by means of a turbine rear structure design problem where changes in the temperature loads are met by depositing different types of stiffeners on the outer casing. The results of the case study are visualized in a tradespace, which allows for comparison between sets of optimal, flexible, and robust designs. Results show that the optimized set of design decisions balances flexibility and robustness in a cost-effective manner.
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| 13. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
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Scalable set-based design optimization and remanufacturing for meeting changing requirements
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference. ; 11A-2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering design problems often have open-ended requirements, especially in the early stages of development. Setbased design is a paradigm for exploring, and keeping under consideration, several alternatives so that commitment to a single design can be delayed until requirements are settled. In addition, requirements may change over the lifetime of a component or a system. Novel manufacturing technologies enable designs to be remanufactured to meet changed requirements. By considering this capability during the set-based design optimization process, solutions can be scaled to meet evolving requirements and customer specifications even after commitment. Such an ability can also support a circular economy paradigm based on the return of used or discarded components and systems to working condition. We propose a set-based design methodology to obtain scalable optimal solutions that can satisfy changing requirements through remanufacturing. We first use design optimization and surrogate modeling to obtain parametric optimal designs. This set of parametric optimal designs is then reduced to scalable optimal designs by observing a set of transition rules for the manufacturing process used (additive or subtractive). The methodology is demonstrated by means of a structural aeroengine component that is remanufactured by direct energy deposition of a stiffener to meet higher loading requirements.
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| 14. |
- Al Handawi, Khalil, et al.
(författare)
-
Scalable Set-Based Design Optimization and Remanufacturing for Meeting Changing Requirements
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1050-0472. ; 143:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design requirements are often uncertain in the early stages of product development. Set-based design is a paradigm for exploring, and keeping under consideration, several alternatives so that commitment to a single design can be delayed until requirements are settled. In addition, requirements may change over the lifetime of a component or a system. Novel manufacturing technologies may enable designs to be remanufactured to meet changed requirements. By considering this capability during the set-based design optimization process, solutions can be scaled to meet evolving requirements and customer specifications even after commitment. Such an ability can also support a circular economy paradigm based on the return of used or discarded components and systems to working condition. We propose a set-based design methodology to obtain scalable optimal solutions that can satisfy changing requirements through remanufacturing. We first use design optimization and surrogate modeling to obtain parametric optimal designs. This set of parametric optimal designs is then reduced to scalable optimal designs by observing a set of transition rules for the manufacturing process used (additive or subtractive). The methodology is demonstrated by means of a structural aeroengine component that is remanufactured by direct energy deposition of a stiffener to meet higher loading requirements.
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| 15. |
- Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Multi-Technological Resilient Objects in Product Platforms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2022: How Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uncertainty about the market, environment, and technological landscape of the future challenges the ways companies utilize the notion of “product platforms” to gain efficiency during development and production. This paper reviews design approaches to cope with uncertainties and highlights the benefit of designing a platform to enable “resilience” to deal with uncertain situation without the need to change the structure or configuration of the product platform. To achieve resilience, the paper proposes to introduce “resilient objects” in regions of the product platform that are likely to be most affected by change. Resilient design objects are already common in practice, such as a spring-damper system in mechanical systems. However, since product platform are multi-technological, this paper proposes a way of representing generic resilient objects (along five different design domains) for multi-technological systems. This proposal is supported by illustrative examples. Future research opportunities are identified around extending the matrix of generic multi-technological resilient objects, and defining a systematic method to design, select and evaluate which resilient objects are more valuable to be inserted in specific regions of the product platform.
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| 16. |
- Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Technology Integration Challenges at Two Global Automotive OEMs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-7762. ; 1, s. 2245-2254
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platform design has been firmly established in the automotive industry as a strategy to provide wider product variety while maintaining cost effective production. But this strategy can struggle to keep up with the pace and nature of emerging technologies. This paper reviews the existing approaches to modelling product platforms, and showcases the challenges at OEMs introducing new technological innovations in their platforms. A gap is identified in the methods to assess the ability of existing platforms to integrate new technologies whenever they become available.
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| 17. |
- Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive model-based decision-making tools in early product platform design
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the NordDesign 2020 Conference, NordDesign 2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrating new technologies in existing product platforms presents challenges not only when the decision of going ahead with the integration is taken, but also in the earlier design of the platform structure to accommodate hypothetical changes in the future. Common heuristics do no guarantee that the optimum solution can be found to these kinds of problems, and biases lead to systematic distortions in decision-making. Additionally with the global zeitgeist around sustainable development, decision makers will increasingly ask for paths to many different versions of success, not just the traditional profit maximization one. A set of common models that accompanies the product platform all through its lifecycle to support decision makers can enable better fulfilment of the expectations of all stakeholders. But it is difficult to unify and objectively gather the views of multiple stakeholder simultaneously. An interactive modelbased decision making support system is proposed as a tool to solve the mentioned challenges. In this paper we describe and experiment with the main technological foundations of such a tool. These include an web-based front end, and a real-Time NoSQL database in the back end. The client web application (webapp) enables user inputs, runs quantitative models, and visualizes results. The database records results and enables the use of common inputs and common visualization of the results. The models that run directly in the client are developed offline and can be continuously deployed with no downtime for concurrent users. The technology stack used demonstrates that rapid prototyping of tools using state-of-The-Art web technologies provides quick results and enables researchers to make quick iterations that can be easily deployed in industrial use cases. The presented method is a new approach to providing digital support to the design process, by enabling better informed decisions during the product development process early phases. In this paper, an introduction and background to the problem and current state of the art is summarized, a method to approaching the topic is described, an experiment performed in front of a life audience is presented, and hints for future developments are considered in the discussion and conclusion sections.
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| 18. |
- Alonso Fernandez, Iñigo, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Technical Risk Propagation Using Field-Effects in Automotive Technology Infusion Design Studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - 1050-0472. ; 146:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of novel technologies into existing product architectures poses significant challenges, especially in managing the associated technical risks that affect system functionality and reliability. Traditional methods often struggle with the unpredictability and complexity of field effects due to technological integration. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel DSM (Design Structure Matrix)-based method that accurately accounts for and mitigates both first-order and higher-order field effects. By employing the inverse-square law, our method quantifies the attenuation of field effects with distance, thereby enhancing the precision of impact assessments across the system architecture. This approach is substantiated through a case study involving the introduction of a steer-by-wire (SbW) system in automotive design. The case study highlights the method’s effectiveness in identifying and managing potential integration points for new technologies, offering a systematic framework for minimizing risk and enhancing system design in automotive engineering. The success of this method in the case study provides practical insights into the design around the impact of field effects, emphasizing its applicability and value in real-world engineering scenarios.
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| 19. |
- Arjomandi Rad, Mohammad, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Datasets in design research: needs and challenges and the role of AI and GPT in filling the gaps
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 4, s. 1919-1928
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the recognized importance of datasets in data-driven design approaches, their extensive study remains limited. We review the current landscape of design datasets and highlight the ongoing need for larger and more comprehensive datasets. Three categories of challenges in dataset development are identified. Analyses show critical dataset gaps in design process where future studies can be directed. Synthetic and end-to-end datasets are suggested as two less explored avenues. The recent application of Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) shows their potential in addressing these needs.
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| 20. |
- Bonham, Euan, et al.
(författare)
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Designing and Integrating a Digital Thread System for Customized Additive Manufacturing in Multi-Partner Kayak Production
- 2020
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Ingår i: Systems. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-8954. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) opens the vision of decentralised and individualised manufacturing, as a tailored product can be manufactured in proximity to the customers with minimal physical infrastructure required. Consequently, the digital infrastructure and systems solution becomes substantially more complex. There is always a need to design the entire digital system so that different partners (or stakeholders) access correct and relevant information and even support design iterations despite the heterogenous digital environments involved. This paper describes how the design and integration of a digital thread for AM can be approached. A system supporting a digital thread for AM kayak production has been designed and integrated in collaboration with a kayak manufacturer and a professional collaborative product lifecycle management (PLM) software and service provider. From the demonstrated system functionality, three key lessons learnt are clarified: (1) The need for developing a process model of the physical and digital flow in the early stages, (2) the separation between the data to be shared and the processing of data to perform each parties' task, and (3) the development of an ad-hoc digital application for the involvement of new stakeholders in the AM digital flow, such as final users. The application of the digital thread system was demonstrated through a test of the overall concept by manufacturing a functional and individually customised kayak, printed remotely using AM (composed of a biocomposite containing 20% wood-based fibre).
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| 21. |
- Borgue, Olivia, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Design for test and qualification through activity-based modelling in product architecture design
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Design. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828. ; 32:11, s. 646-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Test and qualification (T&Q) phases take a significant portion of the time to market for critical products in the space industry, especially when introducing new technologies. Since T&Q are treated as standard procedures, they tend to be independent of the architectural design phases and kept away from design decisions. However, when introducing new technologies, qualification procedures may differ from those established in regular design scenarios, and the estimation of qualification costs and duration is problematic. There is a lack of design for qualification methods capable of modelling these activities in early phases and use those models to support the architecture design of products with affordable test and qualification phases. In this article, a computer-assisted, model-based design method to model T&Q activities concerning early product architecture designs is proposed. Product architecture alternatives, test schedules and cost are connected through the quantification of T&Q drivers and driver rates. The design method is demonstrated using a case study about electric propulsion for satellites. The method is applicable for design situations where the choice of technology has a strong dependence on the qualification procedure.
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| 22. |
- Borgue, Olivia, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Fuzzy model-based design for testing and qualification of additive manufacturing components
- 2022
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Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uncertainties and variation of additive manufacturing (AM) material properties and their impact on product quality trouble designers. The lack of experience in AM technologies renders the experts' assessment of AM components and the establishment of safety margins difficult. Consequently, unexpected qualification difficulties resulting in expensive and lengthy redesign processes might arise. To reduce the risk of qualification failure, engineers might perform copious time-consuming and expensive specimen testing in early phases, or establish overconservative design margins, overriding the weight reduction benefits of AM technologies. In this article, a model-based design method is proposed for the conceptual design of AM space components with affordable test phases. The method utilizes fuzzy logics to systematically account for experts' assessment of AM properties variation, and to provide an early estimation of a product qualification likelihood related to design parameters of interest, without the need for copious testing. The estimation of qualification likelihood can also point out which are the unique AM material uncertainties that require further specific testing, to enable the design of a product with a better performance and more affordable test phases. The method is demonstrated with the design for AM gridded of ion thrusters for satellite applications.
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| 23. |
- Borgue, Olivia, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting Additive Manufacturing Technology Development through Constraint Modelling in Early Conceptual Design: A Satellite Propulsion Case Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-7762. ; 1, s. 817-826
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Function and constraints modelling are implemented to design two gridded ion thrusters for additive manufacturing (AM). One concept takes advantage of AM design freedom, disregarding AM limitations and is not feasible. The other concept considers AM limitations and is manufacturable and feasible. Constraints modelling highlights AM capabilities that can be improved, showing where future investment is needed. Constraints representation can also support the creation of technology development roadmaps able to identify areas of AM technologies that must be improved.
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| 24. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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FUNCTION DRIVEN ASSESSMENT OF MANUFACTURING RISKS IN CONCEPT GENERATION STAGES
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 3, s. 1995-2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decisions made in the concept generation phase have a significant effect on the product. While product- related risks typically can be considered in the early stages of design, risks such as supply chain and manufacturing methods are rarely easy to account for in early phases. This is because the currently available methods require mature data, which may not be available during concept generation. In this paper, we propose an approach to address this. First, the product and the non-product (manufacturing and/or supply chain) attributes are modelled using the enhanced function means (EF-M) modelling method. The EF-M method provides the opportunity to model alternative solutions-set for functions. Dependencies are then mapped within the product and the manufacturing models, and also in between them. An automatic combinatorial method of concept generation is employed where each generated instance is a design concept-manufacturing method pair. A risk propagation algorithm is then used to assess the risks of all the generated alternatives.
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| 25. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Margins in design – review of related concepts and methods
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Design. - 1466-1837 .- 0954-4828.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Margins are defined as the difference between a design parameter’sminimum required value to ensure functionality, and its actual capa-bility. Margins allow engineers to mitigate uncertainties of variouskinds. While some margins are intentionally allocated, some othersmay get included inadvertently in designs or arise from changes torequirements. Although common in use, the concept of margins hasnot been formalised systematically. This paper offers the first system-atic literature review of margins. Concepts related to margins can befound in various interrelated domains with similar underlying princi-ples. However, these concepts have developed in isolation, leadingto a divergent and fragmented understanding. This paper bringsthese strands together by differentiating between margins whichmay be deliberately added or discovered during a typical productlifecycle and relates this to various domains such as safety, manu-facturing etc. The paper discusses approaches to model, size andallocate margins. The thematic analysis presents insights into theimportance of systematic use and management of margins and alsoraises currently observable gaps in the literature.
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| 26. |
- Brahma, Arindam, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Margin to Absorb Variation in Design Specifications: An Analysis Using the Margin Value Method
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; 2, s. 323-332
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting the impact of changes in a design can be challenging, especially for complex designs. Margins are often built into the designs which can absorb the knock-on effect of such changes, erroneously allocating which can however, lead to propagation. A method for localising and sizing margins in an incremental design context is the Margin Value Method. This paper adapts MVM in the context of uncertainty in input specifications. It discusses possible ways to allocate them in a design such that undesirable effects of margins are minimised while preventing change propagation.
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| 27. |
- Cash, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Sampling in design research: Eight key considerations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Design Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-694X. ; 78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How a research team defines their study sample can be decisive in shaping impact on both practice and theory. However, sampling in design research faces several major challenges, including diverse terminology, limited prior literature, and lack of common framework for discussing sampling decisions. We address these challenges by bringing together guidance from across related research fields as well as cross-referring to examples from published design research. We offer a structured process for sample development and present eight key sampling considerations. The paper contributes to research method selection, development, and use, as well as extending discussions surrounding knowledge construction, standards of reporting, and design research impact.
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| 28. |
- Castro, Sabela Gonzalez, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysing increase of functionality and complexity in integrated product architectures
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the NordDesign 2020 Conference, NordDesign 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, product designers find difficulties and uncertainties when assessing how complex a product will be when introducing new functionalities and technologies or when integrating multiple functionalities into a single component. There is a limited number of studies correlating functionality increase to product complexity. In this paper, the impact of functionality on complexity is quantitatively analyzed in two different case studies: one regarding a set of valves to study how complexity is affected when adding new functionalities, and another one related to three alternative designs of computer mice that features different degrees of functional integration. In the first case study, it has been found that adding new functionalities leads to a super-linear increase of complexity. In the second case study, it has been found that integrating functionality through the introduction of new electronic elements allows to reduce the total number of components, suggesting a decrease in complexity. However, the case study shows an increase in the product's overall complexity through an increased number of interactions between the components themselves. This means that possessing a quantitative methodology to evaluate the impact of functionality increase in product complexity can be an important means for designers to avoid misconceptions and risks during the early phases of product development.
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| 29. |
- Eckert, Claudia, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Data Fairy in Engineering Land: The Magic of Data Analysis as a Sociotechnical Process in Engineering Companies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Mechanical Design - Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1050-0472. ; 142:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the era of digitalization, manufacturing companies expect their growing access to data to lead to improvements and innovations. Manufacturing engineers will have to collaborate with data scientists to analyze the ever-increasing volume of data. This process of adopting data science techniques into an engineering organization is a sociotechnical process fraught with challenges. This article uses a participant observation case study to investigate and discuss the sociotechnical nature of the adoption data science technology into an engineering organization. In the case study, a young data scientist/statistician interacted with experienced production engineers in a global automotive organization to mutual satisfaction. However, the case study highlights the mis-aligned expectations between engineers and data scientists and knowledge in what is necessary to successfully benefit from manufacturing process data. The results reveal that the engineers had an initially romantic and idealistic view on how data scientists can bring value out of dispersed and complex information residing in the multisite manufacturing organization’s datasets in a “magic” way. Conversely, the data scientist had not enough engineering and contextual understanding to ask the right questions. The case reveals important shortcomings in the sociotechnical processes that undergo changes as digitalization is brought into mature engineering organizations and points to a lack of knowledge on multiple levels of the data analysis process and the ethical implications this could have.
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| 30. |
- Eckert, C. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Design margins in industrial practice
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2053-4701. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.
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| 31. |
- Eckert, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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My Facts Are not Your Facts: Data Wrangling as a Socially Negotiated Process, A Case Study in a Multisite Manufacturing Company
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : ASME International. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 22:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The condition under which the data wrangling process is undertaken has a profound impact on the quality of the results of the data wrangling and analysis. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the sociotechnical aspects of a data wrangling activity in a large, multi-site global manufacturer. This activity was technically demanding, as operational data from multiple sources and formats needed to be integrated, but also involved interaction with multiple stakeholders in different parts of the world with their own ways of collecting and structuring the data. The data had been captured previously for a different purpose. The clients were not aware that the data followed a different logic in the various sites and in some cases needed to be manually extracted and interpreted. The paper describes the data wrangling process and analyses the assumptions, goals, and biases of the different stakeholders. The analysis raises questions and insights about how data can be trusted and suggests that human intervention with data along the data wrangling process is often un-intentional, tacit, and easily overlooked. It is suggested that contextual factors, such as data quality and assessment of consequences when acting/making decisions on the new data set are given higher attention during the specification of data wrangling assignments. The paper concludes with recommendations for data wrangling practitioners.
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| 32. |
- Gericke, Kilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Supporting designers : moving from method menagerie to method ecosystem
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Design Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2053-4701. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supporting designers is one of the main motivations for design research. However, there is an ongoing debate about the ability of design research to transfer its results, which are often provided in form of design methods, into practice. This article takes the position that the transfer of design methods alone is not an appropriate indicator for assessing the impact of design research by discussing alternative pathways for impacting design practice. Impact is created by different means - first of all through the students that are trained based on the research results including design methods and tools and by the systematic way of thinking they acquired that comes along with being involved with research in this area. Despite having a considerable impact on practice, this article takes the position that the transfer of methods can be improved by moving from cultivating method menageries to facilitating the evolution of method ecosystems. It explains what is understood by a method ecosystem and discusses implications for developing future design methods and for improving existing methods. This paper takes the position that efforts on improving and maturing existing design methods should be raised to satisfy the needs of designers and to truly support them.
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| 33. |
- Hajali, Tina, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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INFORMATION FLOW ANALYSIS ENABLING THE INTRODUCTION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR PRODUCTION TOOLS-INSIGHTS FROM AN INDUSTRIAL CASE
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society, vol. 3. - : Cambridge University Press. ; 3, s. 2315-2324
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) has traditionally been used for prototyping of products, however, in the last few decades, it has seen a rising growth in the manufacture of final products. The addition of AM as a manufacturing method in the portfolio of a company's production capabilities increases the complexity of decision-making. This is because the decisions are often not based on the same criteria and constraints, as related to conventional manufacturing processes. In this paper, we investigate this challenge by studying how AM affects the current workflow and the associated information flow for a design-make process in a Swedish manufacturer before and after the integration of AM. In this paper, it is argued that apart from an understanding of how to design for AM, it is equally important to consider how introducing AM alters the existing information flow and how to benefit from information available in various design-make process steps to facilitate decision making process. The result clarifies that the current process relies largely on tacit and experiences-based knowledge, whereas to take advantage of AM, more precision is required to capture and process the available information.
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| 34. |
- Hamulczuk, Dominika, et al.
(författare)
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Data analysis as the basis for improved design for additive manufacturing (DFAM)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; 1, s. 811-820
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a large potential to revolutionize the manufacturing industry, yet the printing parameters and part design have a profound impact on the robustness of the printing process as well as the resulting quality of the manufactured components. To control the printing process, a substantial number of parameters is measured while printing and used primarily to control and adjust the printing process in-situ. The question raised in this paper is how to benefit from these data being gathered to gain insight into the print process stability. The case study performed included the analysis of data gathered during printing 22 components. The analysis was performed with a widely used Random Forest Classifier. The study revealed that the data did contain some detectable patterns that can be used further in assessing the quality of the printed component, however, they were distinct enough so that in case the test and train sets were comprised of separate components the predictions' result was very poor. The study gives a good understanding of what is necessary to do a meaningful analytics study of manufacturing data from a design perspective.
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| 35. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Design Perspectives, Theories, and Processes for Engineering Systems Design
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbook of Engineering Systems Design: With 178 Figures and 54 Tables. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 53-99
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Engineering systems are socio-technical systems that provide solutions to fundamental economic and societal challenges. Such systems are complex in both technical and human terms. Engineering systems evolve over time, and uncertainty over time plays a decisive role. Perspectives on design, design theories, and design processes can be used to guide and support designers of engineering systems. This chapter provides an introduction to several well-established perspectives on design, such as design as participatory activity, design as unique mode of thinking, and more. In the same way design theories are introduced, exemplified by C-K theory, axiomatic design, domain theory, and others; and an introduction to well-known processes, including stage-based, agile, and set-based models and many more, is provided. It is explained how each of the discussed approaches offers valuable insights that help to address different aspects of complex systems design. The evolution of the approaches reflects the evolving recognition of users and context when designing engineering systems.
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| 36. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing Innovation - The Role of Engineering Design to Realise Sustainability Challenges
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; 2, s. 1021-1030
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability challenges drive innovation, yet few studies attend to the role of design to realise innovation. This paper report from a full day workshop and panel discussion with 100 delegates at the ICED 2021 conference. Industrialists, academics and societal representatives discussed how to deal with five conflicting themes. It is argued that innovation actors will need to take a joint action to the problem, industrial value chains need to co-innovate and that long term challenging targets are powerful metrics to drive transformation.
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| 37. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
The Importance of Digitalisation in Industrialising Additive Manufacturing: Learnings from the DIDAM P2030 Project
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 2352-751X .- 2352-7528. ; 52, s. 442-452
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing, a technology that has evolved significantly over the last few decades, has shifted from prototyping to final product manufacturing. Despite its potential in design flexibility and customisation, its implementation in industrial ecosystems often faces challenges, especially in companies with established traditional manufacturing methods. This paper explores additive manufacturing beyond the printing process, drawing insights from the DIDAM project in Swedish manufacturing companies. It maps the advantages of additive manufacturing to external factors influencing its success such as digital infrastructure. This mapping yields “risk factors” for its implementation. These factors are based on empirical observations from the DIDAM project to identify potential failure modes, assess risks, and provide a snapshot view of critical issues. This objective evaluation aims to support managers in evaluating the risks associated with additive manufacturing’s integration into a company’s manufacturing ecosystem, based on empirical findings in industrial cases as reported in the DIDAM Digital Model Guide (Digital Model Guide, 2023).
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| 38. |
- Isaksson, Ola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
YOU NEED TO FOCUS TO VALIDATE
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-7762. ; 1, s. 31-40
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many research students find challenges when validating their research. Especially when they have expectations to contribute to both practice and the research body of knowledge. This paper argues that a key to successful validation of design research lies in the ability to focus on what to validate in advance of how to validate. The paper provide a set of guidelines to support a discussion on how to converge to a claim that actually can be validated. The paper reports on experiences from PhD level course on validation in design research.
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| 39. |
- Kuechenhof, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
INCORPORATING FIELD EFFECTS INTO THE DESIGN OF MODULAR PRODUCT FAMILIES
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 3, s. 2275-2284
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With advancing digitalization, new technologies with more and more digital components make it necessary to integrate new components into current and future products. Sensors and actuators, such as motors, emit electromagnetic and thermal fields that can greatly affect product performance. Recent work has considered fields at the functional level using functional structures and at the system level using DSM. In this paper, the effects of fields on product architecture are investigated at the component level. Using an appropriate visualization, the impact of fields on the product structure is considered. Architectural guidelines are then used to develop suitable product structures. The methodological approach is then applied to a product family of vacuum cleaner robots. The overlaid field information helps to gain deeper insights into the product architecture. The approach is useful for representing alternative structures. The new mapping of functional and structural relationships by moving module boundaries against fields can help promote architectural innovation.
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| 40. |
- Lawand, Lydia, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic lifecycle cost modeling for adaptable design optimization of additively remanufactured aeroengine components
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Aerospace. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-4310. ; 7:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additive manufacturing (AM) is being used increasingly for repair and remanufacturing of aeroengine components. This enables the consideration of a design margin approach to satisfy changing requirements, in which component lifespan can be optimized for different lifecycle scenarios. This paradigm requires lifecycle cost (LCC) modeling; however, the LCC models available in the literature consider mostly the manufacturing of a component, not its repair or remanufacturing. There is thus a need for an LCC model that can consider AM for repair/remanufacturing to quantify corresponding costs and benefits. This paper presents a dynamic LCC model that estimates cumulative costs over the in-service phase and a nested design optimization problem formulation that determines the optimal component lifespan range to minimize overall cost while maximizing performance. The developed methodology is demonstrated by means of an aeroengine turbine rear structure.
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| 41. |
- Mallalieu, Adam, 1995, et al.
(författare)
-
The Role of Digital Infrastructure for the Industrialisation of Design for Additive Manufacturing
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; 2, s. 1401-1410
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) can bring opportunities for industry, but several challenges need to be addressed, specifically the digital infrastructure comprising the AM value chain. A combination of a systematic literature review and an industrial use case study concludes that there is low consideration of the digital infrastructure in Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) methods and tools which has a negative impact on the industrialisation of AM. It is therefore recommended that further studies are to be made on how to manage the digital infrastructure in DfAM processes.
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| 42. |
- Martinsson Bonde, Julian, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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A similarity-assisted multi-fidelity approach to conceptual design space exploration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Computers in Industry. - 0166-3615. ; 151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conceptual design studies engineers typically utilize data-based surrogate models to enable rapid evaluation of design objectives that otherwise would be too computationally expensive and time-consuming to simulate. Due to the computationally expensive simulations, the data-based surrogate models are often trained using small sample sizes, resulting in low-fidelity models which can produce results that are not trustworthy. To mitigate this issue, a similarity-assisted design space exploration method is proposed. The similarity is measured between design points that have been evaluated through lower-fidelity data-based surrogate models and design points that have been evaluated using higher-fidelity physics-based simulations. This similarity information can then be used by design engineers to better understand the trustworthiness of the data produced by the low-fidelity surrogate models. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that such a similarity measurement can be used as an indicator of the trustworthiness of the lower-fidelity model predictions. Moreover, a second similarity metric is proposed for measuring the similarity of new designs to legacy designs, thus highlighting the potential to reuse knowledge, analysis models, and data. The proposed method is demonstrated by means of an aero-engine structural component conceptual design study. An open-source software tool developed to assist in data visualization is also presented.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Martinsson Bonde, Julian, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Potential of Digital Twin-Driven Design of Aero-Engine Structures
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2732-527X. ; 1, s. 1521-1528
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the diversity of customer needs increases within the aerospace industry, so does the need for improved design practices to reduce quality issues downstream. When designing new products, design engineers struggle with applying tolerances to features, which often leads to expensive late design iterations. To mitigate this, one aerospace company is looking to reuse tolerance deviation data yielded during manufacturing in design. In the long term these data could provide the basis for a Digital Twin that can be used for improved product development. This article explores how data from production are used today, what issues prevents such data from being exploited in the design phase, and how they potentially could be used for design purposes in the future. To understand the current situation and identify the untapped potential of production data in design, an interview study was conducted in conjunction with a literature review. In this paper the current situation and primary barriers are presented and a possible path for further research and development is suggested.
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| 45. |
- Martinsson Bonde, Julian, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Morpheus: The Development and Evaluation of a Software Tool for Morphological Matrices
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2022: How Product and Manufacturing Design Enable Sustainable Companies and Societies.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Morphological Matrix is a well-known and established method for synthesising concepts in engineering design. With the aim to improve its applicability, the method has been implemented into a software tool, which then has been introduced in engineering courses at Chalmers University of Technology. In this paper, the tool and its most important functions are presented and discussed, along with experiences from its use in design projects. It was demonstrated that the tool can ease the process of creating and modifying morphological matrices. Furthermore, the tool demonstrated the ability to generate and keep track of large quantities of solutions, which has previously been difficult as morphological matrices are typically hand drawn or created using an Excel sheet. However, less desired effects were encountered as the tool was perceived by some students as more of a screening and down-selection method, rather than as a tool for synthesising concepts. The learnings and the way forward in education and the industrial context are discussed.
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| 46. |
- Martinsson Bonde, Julian, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of specialized software on concept generation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Design Society. - 2732-527X. ; 4, s. 663-672
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software implementations of traditional engineering design methods can potentially enrich the original methods. A study was conducted to better understand how concept generation can be facilitated using software. Participants of the study were asked to generate concepts using either specialized software, or by using traditional means, for applying function-means modeling and morphological matrices. A concept concretization metric was used to evaluate the results, which indicated that there are both positive and negative aspects of performing concept generation using specialized software.
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| 47. |
- Martinsson, Julian, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Automatic geometry alteration when designing for metal additive manufacturing
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the NordDesign 2020 Conference, NordDesign 2020.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades, the aerospace industry has been interested in converting some of its production from traditional manufacturing to metal additive manufacturing. This technology is attractive to the aerospace industry due to the low production volumes and the need to minimize product mass that characterize the industry. The transition from traditional to additive manufacturing technologies requires designers to take heed of a new set of design and manufacturing constraints. A well-known limitation for the implementation of additive manufacturing is the need for support structures which increase material consumption and post processing time. The research presented in this paper suggests a novel algorithm for automatically altering the geometry of the product to reduce the need for support structures. The algorithm operates directly on the vertices of the 3D mesh by relocating them to mitigate overhang issues. A proof of concept in the form of a software prototype was developed using the Python programming language to demonstrate the algorithm, and how it can be applied to 3D models. The prototype software utilizes a 3D STL-file as input, and it outputs an altered file of the same format. In the process of developing the software prototype some issues surfaced, the most prominent of which was the inability of the algorithm to handle overhangs parallel to the substrate of the powder bed printer. Such overhangs are also referred to as 0°-overhangs due to their normal vector being parallel to the z-Axis, thus resulting in an overhang of 0°. Aside from that the algorithm also struggled with models of high complexity, which in some cases resulted in invalid or malformed STL geometries. The research conducted for this paper indicates that further research and development is required. Future research concerning automatic geometry alteration should focus on how to deal with the 0°-overhangs. It should also involve investigating the possibility to alter the geometry of CAD-models instead of STL-files, as CAD-models can contain more information, such as constraints. Information of that nature could enable the algorithm to take customer requirements into consideration as it alters the geometry, thus improving its ability to maintain product functionality.
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| 48. |
- Müller, Jakob, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Design space exploration of a jet engine component using a combined object model for function and geometry
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Aerospace. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-4310. ; 7:12, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of aircraft and engine components hinges on the use of computer aided design (CAD) models and the subsequent geometry-based analyses for evaluation of the quality of a concept. However, the generation (and variation) of CAD models to include radical or novel design solutions is a resource intense modelling effort. While approaches to automate the generation and variation of CAD models exist, they neglect the capture and representation of the product’s design rationale—what the product is supposed to do. The design space exploration approach Function and Geometry Exploration (FGE) aims to support the exploration of more functionally and geometrically different product concepts under consideration of not only geometrical, but also teleological aspects. The FGE approach has been presented and verified in a previous presentation. However, in order to contribute to engineering design practice, a design method needs to be validated through application in industrial practice. Hence, this publication reports from a study where the FGE approach has been applied by a design team of a Swedish aerospace manufacturers in a conceptual product development project. Conceptually different alternatives were identified in order to meet the expected functionality of a guide vane (GV). The FGE was introduced and applied in a series of workshops. Data was collected through participatory observation in the design teams by the researchers, as well as interviews and questionnaires. The results reveal the potential of the FGE approach as a design support to: (1) Represent and capture the design rationale and the design space; (2) capture, integrate and model novel solutions; and (3) provide support for the embodiment of novel concepts that would otherwise remain unexplored. In conclusion, the FGE method supports designers to articulate and link the design rationale, including functional requirements and alternative solutions, to geometrical features of the product concepts. The method supports the exploration of alternative solutions as well as functions. However, scalability and robustness of the generated CAD models remain subject to further research.
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| 49. |
- Müller, Jakob, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Function model-based generation of CAD model variants
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Computer-Aided Design and Applications. - : CAD Solutions, LLC. - 1686-4360. ; 18:5, s. 970-989
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A product is an artefact which fulfils a specific function. However, most design automation (DA) approaches wich are used to generate multiple alternative design concepts focus on the generation of CAD models. These neglect to represent the functional aspects of the product, and are furthermore deemed too rigid for the introductino of novel solutions. Pure function modellingappraoches on the other hand provides methods such as design rationale representation, introduction of novel solutions or instantiation of combinatorial alternative concepts, but the resulting models are insufficient for analysis. To alleviate this, a design space exploration (DSE) approach which couples function modelling and CAD is presented. The approachlinks the product’s design rationale modelled in enhanced functionmeans (EF-M) to a DA approach via the here introduced object model for function and geometry (OMFG). The resulting method is able to automatically generate CAD models of alternative concepts based on combinations of alternative design solutions defined in the function model. The approach is presented through a case study of an aircraft engine component. Sixteen different concepts are generated based on four functions with alternative solutions. In an initial computation of the effort to generate all alternative concepts, the DA aspect of the approach’s effort pays off as soon as five functions have two or more alternative solutions. Beyond the benefit of efficient instantiation of CAD models of alternative product concepts, the approach promises to provide the design rationale behind each concept, and thereby a more systematic way of exploring and evaluating alternative design concepts.
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| 50. |
- Müller, Jakob, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping the design space in function and geometry models supporting redesign for additive manufacturing
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Design Research. - 1569-1551 .- 1748-3050. ; 18:1-2, s. 37-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) brings many benefits in terms of lightweight design. However, there is no established design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) method available, nor are all the impacts and constraints on the product and development process known. Therefore, a method to redesign existing products for AM is proposed. It consists of functional decomposition enhanced by constraints identification, and analyses of the impact on the design space. Furthermore, the approach defines a coupling of function and geometry models to support an inter-domain redesign process. The approach has been successfully applied in an industrial collaboration project with three aerospace companies, where the support of the method for design space exploration has been recognised. Future work sees the use of this method for design space exploration even outside the AM domain, but a more methodical definition of the relationship between the functional and geometrical domain is required to do so.
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