| 1. |
- Brandt, Ase, et al.
(author)
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Towards an instrument targeting mobility-related participation: Nordic cross-national reliability
- 2008
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In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 1650-1977. ; 40:9, s. 766-772
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate test-retest reliability and internal consistency of a new instrument for evaluation of mobility device interventions. Material and methods: The instrument comprised 4 scales and one summed index. Two test-retest interviews involved 147 mobility device users (mean age 60 years) with a broad range of functional limitations, living at home. Results: For 2 scales and the summed index the reliability was substantial or almost perfect (K 0.71/ K-W 0.76/intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93; confidence interval = 0.90-0.95). The reliability of one scale was moderate (K-w 0.4 1), but after reduction of grades and combination with another scale, it was substantial (K-w 0.66). The reliability of the fourth scale was moderate (K-w 0.55). The internal consistency of 3 scales varied from a 0.63 to 0.76. Conclusion: Even thou,,h the test-retest reliability of all but one of the scales of the new instrument was substantial to almost perfect, this study demonstrated that revision is required. The challenges identified were probably due to the highly complex relationship between outdoor participation while using mobility devices and accessibility to the outdoor physical environment. Thus. based on the results of this study the instrument will be revised and subsequently launched as the "Nordic mobility-related participation outcome evaluation of assistive device intervention" (NOMO instrument). More research on the concept of mobility-related participation and the psychometric qualities of the instrument is required.
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| 10. |
- Brandt, Åse, et al.
(author)
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Reliability test-retest of the Nordic Assisted Mobility Evaluation (NAME 1.0)
- 2007
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In: Challenges for Assistive Technology. - 9781586037918 ; , s. 85-87
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper describes preliminary results from the test-retest of the NAME 1.0. Four scales were tested: Mobility-related participation frequency; Mobility ease/difficulty; Mobility dependence; Extent of assistance in mobility. The test was conducted in the five Nordic countries. In all 147 mobility device users took part in the study, mean age 60 years (range 19 - 93). Each participant was interviewed twice by means of the NAME 1.0 with seven days' interval (SD 4) by interviewers trained in using the instrument. The reliability of two scales was good, and the reliability of one scale became good after it had been regrouped into fewer grades. The reliablity of the Mobility ease/difficulty scale was only moderate. Possible reasons for this are discussed. There is a need for further research.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Brandt, Åse, et al.
(author)
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Report from the NUH-project: Udvikling af instrument til undersogelse af nytte og effekt af mobilitetshjaelpemidler - The Nordic Assisted Mobility Evaluation (NAME)
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report covers the project period from 1.4.2003 to 31.08.2005. Project organisation, administration including the accounts, and the work carried out are reported. Besides, suggestions for copyright are put forward together with plans for dissemination activities and need for further research. The NAME was developed by the project group, consisting of all partners who have all contributed in an excellent way and have besides spent far more resources than planned for, financed by various sources. The work has been accomplished by meetings in the project group and a smaller working group; by literature reviews; meetings with mobility device user reference groups, groups of assistive technology experts, and researchers; and by accomplishment of extensive pilot-testing, revisions and translations of the instrument. During the course of the project a number of major challenges have been faced requiring careful consideration and communication in the project group to an extent not possible to plan for in advance. The result of the project is the NAME 1.0 in the five Nordic language versions. It is an instrument for evaluation of mobility and mobility-related outcomes of mobility device interventions consisting of a baseline interview questionnaire, a follow-up interview questionnaire, and a manual. The instrument has reached sufficient face and content validity, and feasibility. The project group recommends that the NAME 1.0 should be available for use, but would like to emphasise that considerable further testing and development is needed.
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| 16. |
- Carlsson, Gunilla, et al.
(author)
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Towards a screening tool for housing accessibility problems: a reduced version of the Housing Enabler.
- 2009
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In: Journal of Applied Gerontology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4523 .- 0733-4648. ; 28:1, s. 59-80
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To present a reduced version of the Housing Enabler, useful as a screening tool in practice contexts and in research, this study identifies the core items of the environmental component of the instrument, that is, the items most important in terms of the instrument's overall validity to measure accessibility problems. Utilizing cross-national data and interdisciplinary knowledge through an iterative process, a set of core items was identified. The environmental component of the reduced version comprises 61 items, compared to 188 in the original instrument. The rank correlation between the accessibility scores generated by the original and reduced versions was r ≥ .97 (p < .001). Based on comprehensive empirical research in three countries, the reduced version of the Housing Enabler is a time-efficient and valid screening instrument. It is a powerful tool for research and interventions focusing on housing accessibility problem identification.
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| 18. |
- Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Occupational therapy research on assistive technology and physical environmental issues: a literature review.
- 2006
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In: Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergothérapie. - 0008-4174. ; 73:2, s. 109-19
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To determine future directions for research in the area of assistive technology and physical environmental issues, it is important to have an understanding of prior research. PURPOSE: This literature review examined how assistive technology and physical environmental issues have been studied in the research published in international peer-reviewed occupational therapy journals. METHOD: Five recent volumes of nine journals were manually searched utilizing specific criteria. The publications were classified according to their perspective, application of the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model, and the research design. RESULTS: Both research fields demonstrated use of different research methods and they displayed equal needs with regard to improved research methodologies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: There are a lack of studies involving all three PEO components indicating a lack of research in occupational performance issues. Further research on occupational performance is important for developing occupational therapy practice in the area of assistive technology and physical environmental issues. Furthermore, study designs reflecting the societal level in all three PEO components are required. Finally, there is a strong need for conceptual and theoretical development in both fields.
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| 19. |
- Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve, 1950, et al.
(author)
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The multiple meaning of home as experienced by very old Swedish people.
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:1, s. 25-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore aspects of the meaning of home as experienced by very old single-living people in Sweden. A grounded theory approach was used, and interviews were conducted with 40 men and women aged 80-89. The findings indicate that home has a central place in the lives of very old people because it is where they live and spend so much time. The significance of the home is based on the fact that it means so many different things to the participants. The theme comprises two key categories: home means security and home means freedom. Each of these has three sub-categories. In home means security, these are: living in a familiar neighborhood, everything functions, and having memories to live on. Home means freedom comprises a place for reflection, a social meeting-point, and leaving your own mark. Home is part of the environment and influences the meaning and selection of activities that very old people decide to engage in. When occupational therapists prescribe assistive devices or recommend changes in the home environment, they must be very well aware of and reflect on what home means to their clients and base their measures on that.
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| 20. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Home as a signification of independence and autonomy: experiences among very old Swedish people.
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:1, s. 16-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore independence in the home as experienced by very old single-living people in Sweden. A grounded theory approach was used and interviews were conducted with 40 men and women aged 80-89. Data analysis revealed the core category "Home as a signification of independence" with two main categories: "Struggle for independence" and "Governing daily life". The findings showed that home is strongly linked to independence, and being independent is extremely valued. Explicit descriptions of the ageing process as an individual process of changing living conditions within the home emerged from the findings. Hence, the ageing process influences the participants' perception of themselves as independent persons. Along the ageing process the participants' view of independence changed from being independent in activity performance without help from others to experiencing independence in being able to make autonomous decisions concerning daily life at home. Consequently, there is a need to develop strategies to support very old people in staying as active and independent as possible in their own homes. In addition, since the findings highlight that independence is a complex construct, there is a need for conceptual differentiation between independence and a construct often used synonymously, namely autonomy.
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| 22. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Two dimensions of participation in very old age and their relations to home and neighborhood environments.
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 62:1, s. 77-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aimed to capture and operationalize the concept of participation among people who are very old (age > 80) and to investigate whether and how aspects of housing and neighborhood environments relate to participation in very old age. Two dimensions of participation--performance-oriented participation and togetherness-oriented participation---emerged from an earlier qualitative study and were operationalized and validated in this study with quantitative variables. Both objective and perceived housing and neighborhood aspects were significantly related to, in particular, performance-oriented participation and, to a lesser extent, to togetherness-oriented participation. Most interventions in occupational therapy are accomplished within the home for very old people, but our results imply that there are potential interventions to accomplish on a societal level as well. In this respect, our study contributes to the knowledge in the field and has the potential to support the development of novel occupational therapy interventions targeting society at large.
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| 23. |
- Hedberg-Kristensson, Elizabeth, et al.
(author)
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Experiences among older persons using mobility devices
- 2007
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In: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3115 .- 1748-3107. ; 2:1, s. 15-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate older persons' experiences of using mobility devices. Methods. In this qualitative study, focus group interviews were carried out with participants living in two municipalities in the south of Sweden. Occupational therapists and physiotherapists identified interested participants, 65 years or older. A total of 22 persons participated once in the seven focus group interviews that were arranged. Results. Five main categories of participant experiences emerged from the data: 'Municipal supply and non-supply of devices', 'Acceptance or non-acceptance of mobility devices', 'Different use of mobility devices supports everyday and social activities', 'Different kinds of obstacles constrain everyday and social activities' and 'Adaptive strategies in order to use mobility devices'. Conclusion. Since the participants experienced non-acceptance and obstacles related to the use of mobility devices, this highlights the needs for quality development concerning more efficient data-collecting in community-based rehabilitation.
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| 26. |
- Hedberg-Kristensson, Elizabeth, et al.
(author)
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Participation in the prescription process of mobility devices - experiences among older patients
- 2006
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In: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 1477-6006. ; 69:4, s. 169-176
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore older patients' experiences of participation in the prescription process of mobility devices. The study was conducted in two Swedish municipalities and was a qualitative study, based on the focus group interview methodology of Merton et al (1990). In order to recruit a sample fulfilling both homogeneity and heterogeneity criteria, occupational therapists and physiotherapists in the municipalities identified potential participants, all aged 65 years or older. Twenty-two patients participated in focus group interviews. Each patient participated once in the seven focus group interviews that were arranged. The participants reported passive participation in the prescription process of mobility devices as the most frequently occurring experience. They also reported non-participation, for example, in discussion about alternative solutions to activity problems. The study concluded that it was necessary to develop a more client-centred approach in community-based rehabilitation, challenging occupational therapists and physiotherapists to encourage patient participation in the prescription process of mobility devices. The study also highlighted the importance of inviting the patient to discuss alternative solutions to activity problems.
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| 33. |
- Hovbrandt, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Very old people’s use of the pedestrian environment: functional limitations, frequency of activity and environmental demands
- 2007
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In: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9380 .- 1613-9372. ; 4:4, s. 201-211
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to decreased functional capacity as well as high environmental demands there is a risk of diminishing activity outside home in very old age (age 80+). In order to explore differences according to functional limitations (FL) among very old people with respect to frequency of activity, perceived health, overall perception of neighbourhood environment, and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment, data derived from a postal questionnaire survey to very old people living in an urban area in Sweden were used. This explorative study is based on the sub-sample of people aged 80+ who reported outdoor activities (n = 97). Four groups of respondents with different types of FL were identified: with no FL (n = 23), with only movement-related FL (n = 26), with only perception/cognition-related FL (n = 16), and with both movement- and perception/ cognition-related FL (n = 32). The majority of the respondents reported rather high frequency of activity outside home. When examining differences between the four groups, the analysis indicated how the complexity of FL and perceived problems in the pedestrian environment impacted on their activity performance. Persons with both movement- and perception/cognition-related FL were less satisfied with their frequency of activity, experienced their health more negatively and experienced more problems in the pedestrian environment than in the other groups. The findings from this study indicate the importance of considering combinations of FL in creating supportive environments for activity and health.
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| 34. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne
(author)
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A Long-Term Perspective on Person-Environment Fit and ADL Dependence Among Older Swedish Adults.
- 2005
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In: The Gerontologist. - 1758-5341. ; 45:3, s. 327-336
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This study described person–environment (P–E) fit and activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults, and it explored the relationship between P–E fit and ADL dependence, testing Lawton's docility hypothesis at two points in time. Design and Methods: From a random sample of individuals aged 75–84 living in a Swedish municipality, 72 persons were available for baseline and follow-up interviews over a 6-year period. Interviews and observations were used for data collection at home visits. Results: P–E fit problems as well as ADL dependence increased from baseline to follow-up. Functional limitations and dependence on mobility devices increased; few changes were found concerning environmental barriers. At follow-up, ADL dependence and P–E fit correlated significantly in the frailest subsample. Implications: In advanced age, P–E fit problems in housing are related to ADL dependence. The increase of P–E fit problems mostly results from functional decline, although to some extent it is from environmental changes as well. The methodology used demonstrates the potential to increase our understanding of how the main components of Lawton's model change and interact over time.
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| 36. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of dependence in daily activities combined with a self-rating of difficulty.
- 2009
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In: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 41:3, s. 150-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. METHODS: The "ADL staircase assessment" of dependence/independence, extended with a self-rating of difficulty, was administered at home visits. Data distribution in the 5 national samples and analyses with or without use of the self-rating data were carried out. RESULTS: High proportions of the subjects were independent in most of the activities assessed, while substantial proportions reported difficulties. Considerable differences were identified among the national samples. In personal activities of daily living, those assessed as independent varied from 87% to 100%, while the proportion of those who rated themselves as "independent without difficulty" ranged from 53% to 98%. In instrumental activities, 33-91% were assessed as independent, while the proportions of "independent without difficulty" ranged from 24% to 77%. Analysis results differed as to whether or not self-ratings of difficulty were used. CONCLUSION: The combined approach to data collection gave a diversified, information-rich picture. The assessment used is easy to administer and can be used in practice contexts in different countries.
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| 48. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne
(author)
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Editorial.
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 14:1, s. 2-2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne
(author)
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En enorm guldgruva
- 2005
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In: Arbetsterapeuten. - 0345-0988. ; :1, s. 9-9
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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