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1.
  • Blokland, G. A. M., et al. (författare)
  • Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 91:1, s. 102-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Sex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk. Methods: We conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G×S) interaction of risk for these disorders using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, and 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the PGC (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and iPSYCH. Results: Across disorders, genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism–by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815, p = 3.2 × 10−8), which interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) enzymes, implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p < 1 × 10−6) for cross-disorder G×S interaction (rs7302529, p = 1.6 × 10−7; rs73033497, p = 8.8 × 10−7; rs7914279, p = 6.4 × 10−7), implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified G×S interaction across disorders (p = 8.97 × 10−7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282, p = 1.5 × 10−7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509, p = 1.1 × 10−7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant G×S interaction of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in MDD (false discovery rate-corrected p < .05). Conclusions: In the largest genome-wide G×S analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development and immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway levels. © 2021 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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2.
  • Gilmore, G., et al. (författare)
  • The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
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3.
  • Randich, S., et al. (författare)
  • The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 666
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. Conclusions. The final catalogue will be released through the ESO archive in the first half of 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come.
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4.
  • Addazi, A., et al. (författare)
  • New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 48:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The violation of baryon number, , is an essential ingredient for the preferential creation of matter over antimatter needed to account for the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe. However, such a process has yet to be experimentally observed. The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation. The program will include high-sensitivity searches for processes that violate baryon number by one or two units: free neutron–antineutron oscillation () via mixing, neutron–antineutron oscillation via regeneration from a sterile neutron state (), and neutron disappearance (n → n'); the effective process of neutron regeneration () is also possible. The program can be used to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron and sterile neutron sectors. The experiment addresses topical open questions such as the origins of baryogenesis and the nature of dark matter, and is sensitive to scales of new physics substantially in excess of those available at colliders. A goal of the program is to open a discovery window to neutron conversion probabilities (sensitivities) by up to three orders of magnitude compared with previous searches. The opportunity to make such a leap in sensitivity tests should not be squandered. The experiment pulls together a diverse international team of physicists from the particle (collider and low energy) and nuclear physics communities, while also including specialists in neutronics and magnetics.
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5.
  • Dima, Danai, et al. (författare)
  • Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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6.
  • Schijven, Dick, et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
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7.
  • Sønderby, Ida E., et al. (författare)
  • 1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
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8.
  • Caporale, N., et al. (författare)
  • From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375:6582
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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9.
  • da Silva, R., et al. (författare)
  • Oxygen, sulfur, and iron radial abundance gradients of classical Cepheids across the Galactic thin disk
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 678, s. A195-A195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. Classical Cepheids (CCs) are solid distance indicators and tracers of young stellar populations. Dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, they have been safely adopted to trace the rotation, kinematics, and chemical enrichment history of the Galactic thin disk.Aims. The main aim of this investigation is to provide iron, oxygen, and sulfur abundances for the largest and most homogeneous sample of Galactic CCs analyzed so far (1118 spectra of 356 objects). The current sample, containing 70 CCs for which spectroscopic metal abundances are provided for the first time, covers a wide range in galactocentric distances, pulsation modes, and pulsation periods.Methods. Optical high-resolution spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio that were collected with different spectrographs were adopted to provide homogeneous estimates of the atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and microturbulent velocity) that are required to determine the abundance. Individual distances were based either on trigonometric parallaxes by the Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) or on distances based on near-infrared period-luminosity relations.Results. We found that iron and α-element radial gradients based on CCs display a well-defined change in the slope for galactocentric distances larger than ~12 kpc. We also found that logarithmic regressions account for the variation in [X/H] abundances from the inner to the outer disk. Radial gradients for the same elements, but based on open clusters covering a wide range in cluster ages, display similar trends. This means that the flattening in the outer disk is an intrinsic feature of the radial gradients because it is independent of age. Empirical evidence indicates that the S radial gradient is steeper than the Fe radial gradient. The difference in the slope is a factor of two in the linear fit (−0.081 vs. −0.041 dex kpc−1) and changes from −1.62 to −0.91 in the logarithmic distance. Moreover, we found that S (explosive nucleosynthesis) is underabundant on average when compared with O (hydrostatic nucleosynthesis). The difference becomes clearer in the metal-poor regime and for the [O/Fe] and [S/Fe] abundance ratios. We performed a detailed comparison with Galactic chemical evolution models and found that a constant star formation efficiency for galactocentric distances larger than 12 kpc accounts for the flattening observed in both iron and α-elements. To further constrain the impact of the predicted S yields for massive stars on radial gradients, we adopted a toy model and found that the flattening in the outermost regions requires a decrease of a factor of four in the current S predictions.Conclusions. CCs are solid beacons for tracing the recent chemical enrichment of young stellar populations. Sulfur photospheric abundances, when compared with other α-elements, have the key advantage of being a volatile element. Therefore, stellar S abundances can be directly compared with nebular sulfur abundances in external galaxies.
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10.
  • de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., et al. (författare)
  • Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 414-430
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
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11.
  • Pulkkinen, Karoliina, et al. (författare)
  • The value of values in climate science
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Nature. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 12:1, s. 4-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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12.
  • Sales-Silva, J. V., et al. (författare)
  • A Perspective on the Milky Way Bulge Bar as Seen from the Neutron-capture Elements Cerium and Neodymium with APOGEE
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 965:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study probes the chemical abundances of the neutron-capture elements cerium and neodymium in the inner Milky Way from an analysis of a sample of similar to 2000 stars in the Galactic bulge bar spatially contained within divided by X-Gal divided by < 5 kpc, divided by Y-Gal divided by < 3.5 kpc, and divided by Z(Gal)divided by < 1 kpc, and spanning metallicities between -2.0 less than or similar to [Fe/H] less than or similar to +0.5. We classify the sample stars into low- or high-[Mg/Fe] populations and find that, in general, values of [Ce/Fe] and [Nd/Fe] increase as the metallicity decreases for the low- and high-[Mg/Fe] populations. Ce abundances show a more complex variation across the metallicity range of our bulge-bar sample when compared to Nd, with the r-process dominating the production of neutron-capture elements in the high-[Mg/Fe] population ([Ce/Nd] < 0.0). We find a spatial chemical dependence of Ce and Nd abundances for our sample of bulge-bar stars, with low- and high-[Mg/Fe] populations displaying a distinct abundance distribution. In the region close to the center of the MW, the low-[Mg/Fe] population is dominated by stars with low [Ce/Fe], [Ce/Mg], [Nd/Mg], [Nd/Fe], and [Ce/Nd] ratios. The low [Ce/Nd] ratio indicates a significant contribution in this central region from r-process yields for the low-[Mg/Fe] population. The chemical pattern of the most metal-poor stars in our sample suggests an early chemical enrichment of the bulge dominated by yields from core-collapse supernovae and r-process astrophysical sites, such as magnetorotational supernovae.
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13.
  • van der Meer, Dennis, et al. (författare)
  • Association of Copy Number Variation of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Region With Cortical and Subcortical Morphology and Cognition
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 77:4, s. 420-430
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Importance: Recurrent microdeletions and duplications in the genomic region 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 (BP1) and 2 (BP2) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These structural variants are present in 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, making 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 the site of the most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV). It is unknown to what extent this CNV influences brain structure and affects cognitive abilities.Objective: To determine the association of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs with cortical and subcortical brain morphology and cognitive task performance.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this genetic association study, T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were combined with genetic data from the ENIGMA-CNV consortium and the UK Biobank, with a replication cohort from Iceland. In total, 203 deletion carriers, 45 247 noncarriers, and 306 duplication carriers were included. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2019, and data were analyzed from September 2018 to September 2019.Main Outcomes and Measures: The associations of the CNV with global and regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness as well as subcortical volumes were investigated, correcting for age, age2, sex, scanner, and intracranial volume. Additionally, measures of cognitive ability were analyzed in the full UK Biobank cohort.Results: Of 45 756 included individuals, the mean (SD) age was 55.8 (18.3) years, and 23 754 (51.9%) were female. Compared with noncarriers, deletion carriers had a lower surface area (Cohen d = -0.41; SE, 0.08; P = 4.9 × 10-8), thicker cortex (Cohen d = 0.36; SE, 0.07; P = 1.3 × 10-7), and a smaller nucleus accumbens (Cohen d = -0.27; SE, 0.07; P = 7.3 × 10-5). There was also a significant negative dose response on cortical thickness (β = -0.24; SE, 0.05; P = 6.8 × 10-7). Regional cortical analyses showed a localization of the effects to the frontal, cingulate, and parietal lobes. Further, cognitive ability was lower for deletion carriers compared with noncarriers on 5 of 7 tasks.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings, from the largest CNV neuroimaging study to date, provide evidence that 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 structural variation is associated with brain morphology and cognition, with deletion carriers being particularly affected. The pattern of results fits with known molecular functions of genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region and suggests involvement of these genes in neuronal plasticity. These neurobiological effects likely contribute to the association of this CNV with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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14.
  • Barth, Claudia, et al. (författare)
  • In vivo white matter microstructure in adolescents with early-onset psychosis : a multi-site mega-analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Nature. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 28, s. 1159-1169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Emerging evidence suggests brain white matter alterations in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP; age of onset <18 years). However, as neuroimaging methods vary and sample sizes are modest, results remain inconclusive. Using harmonized data processing protocols and a mega-analytic approach, we compared white matter microstructure in EOP and healthy controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Our sample included 321 adolescents with EOP (median age=16.6 years, interquartile range (IQR)=2.14, 46.4% females) and 265 adolescent healthy controls (median age=16.2 years, IQR=2.43, 57.7% females) pooled from nine sites. All sites extracted mean fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) for 25 white matter regions of interest per participant. ComBat harmonization was performed for all DTI measures to adjust for scanner differences. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to investigate case-control differences and associations with clinical variables in regional DTI measures. We found widespread lower FA in EOP compared to healthy controls, with the largest effect sizes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (Cohen's d=0.37), posterior corona radiata (d=0.32), and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (d=0.31). We also found widespread higher RD and more localized higher MD and AD. We detected significant effects of diagnostic subgroup, sex, and duration of illness, but not medication status. Using the largest EOP DTI sample to date, our findings suggest a profile of widespread white matter microstructure alterations in adolescents with EOP, most prominently in male individuals with early-onset schizophrenia and individuals with a shorter duration of illness.
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15.
  • Högström, R., et al. (författare)
  • DEVELOPMENT OF MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR DYNAMIC PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES : RESULTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 6th TC16 Conference on Pressure and Vacuum Measurement 2022, Together with the 24th TC3 Conference on the Measurement of Force, Mass and Torque, the 14th TC5 Conference on the Measurement of Hardness, and the 5th TC22 Conference on Vibration Measurement. - : International Measurement Confederation (IMEKO).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents the main results and achievements of the EMPIR DynPT project [1]. Dynamic measurement of pressure and temperature are a key requirement for process control in several demanding applications, such as automotive, marine and turbine engines, manufacturing processes, and ammunition and product safety. The quality of these measurement has been significantly improved in this project through development of dynamic measurement standards and methods and characterized sensor technologies and means of estimating measurement uncertainties in real process conditions.
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16.
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17.
  • Li, Haoyuan, et al. (författare)
  • Diffraction data from aerosolized Coliphage PR772 virus particles imaged with the Linac Coherent Light Source
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE RESEARCH. - 2052-4463. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Single Particle Imaging (SPI) with intense coherent X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has the potential to produce molecular structures without the need for crystallization or freezing. Here we present a dataset of 285,944 diffraction patterns from aerosolized Coliphage PR772 virus particles injected into the femtosecond X-ray pulses of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Additional exposures with background information are also deposited. The diffraction data were collected at the Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science Instrument (AMO) of the LCLS in 4 experimental beam times during a period of four years. The photon energy was either 1.2 or 1.7keV and the pulse energy was between 2 and 4 mJ in a focal spot of about 1.3 mu m x 1.7 mu m full width at half maximum (FWHM). The X-ray laser pulses captured the particles in random orientations. The data offer insight into aerosolised virus particles in the gas phase, contain information relevant to improving experimental parameters, and provide a basis for developing algorithms for image analysis and reconstruction.
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18.
  • Li, J. Q., et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock Calculations for Astrophysics : C-like Ions from O iii to Mg vii
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 260:2, s. 1-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations are provided for the n <= 5 states in C-like ions from O iii to Mg vii. Electron correlation effects are accounted for by using large configuration state function expansions, built from sets of orbitals with principal quantum numbers n <= 10. An accurate and complete data set of excitation energies, wavelengths, radiative transition parameters, and lifetimes is offered for the 156 (196, 215, 272, 318) lowest states of the 2s (2)2p (2), 2s2p (3), 2p (4), 2s (2)2p3s, 2s (2)2p3p, 2s (2)2p3d, 2s2p (2)3s, 2s2p (2)3p, 2s2p (2)3d, 2p (3)3s, 2p (3)3p, 2p (3)3d, 2s (2)2p4s, 2s (2)2p4p, 2s (2)2p4d, 2s (2)2p4f, 2s2p (2)4s, 2s2p (2)4p, 2s2p (2)4d, 2s2p (2)4f, 2s (2)2p5s, 2s (2)2p5p, 2s (2)2p5d, 2s (2)2p5f, and 2s (2)2p5g configurations in O iii (F iv, Ne v, Na vi, Mg vii). By comparing available experimental wavelengths with the MCDHF results, the previous line identifications for the n = 5, 4, 3 -> n = 2 transitions of Na vi in the X-ray and EUV wavelength range are revised. For several previous identifications discrepancies are found, and tentative new (or revised) identifications are proposed. A consistent atomic data set including both energy and transition data with spectroscopic accuracy is provided for the lowest hundreds of states for C-like ions from O iii to Mg vii.
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19.
  • Nandakumar, G., et al. (författare)
  • M giants with IGRINS : III. Abundance trends for 21 elements in the solar neighborhood from high-resolution near-infrared spectra
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - 0004-6361. ; 684
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. To be able to investigate the chemical history of the entire Milky Way, it is imperative to also study its dust-obscured regions in detail, as this is where most of the mass lies. The Galactic Center is an example of such a region. Due to the intervening dust along the line of sight, near-infrared spectroscopic investigations are necessary to study this region of interest.Aims. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that M giants observed at high spectral resolution in the H- and K-bands (1.5–2.4 μm) can yield useful abundance ratio trends versus metallicity for 21 elements. These elements can then also be studied for heavily dust-obscured regions of the Galaxy, such as the Galactic Center. The abundance ratio trends will be important for further investigation of the Galactic chemical evolution in these regions.Methods. We observed near-infrared spectra of 50 M giants in the solar neighborhood at high signal-to-noise and at a high spectral resolution with the IGRINS spectrometer on the Gemini South telescope. The full H- and K-bands were recorded simultaneously at R = 45 000. Using a manual spectral synthesis method, we determined the fundamental stellar parameters for these stars and derived the stellar abundances for 21 atomic elements, namely, F, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Na, Al, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ce, Nd, and Yb. We systematically studied useful spectral lines of all these elements in the H- and K-bands.Results. We demonstrate that elements can be analyzed from H- and K-band high-resolution spectra, and we show which spectral lines can be used for an abundance analysis, identifying them line by line. We discuss the 21 abundance ratio trends and compare them with those determined from APOGEE and from the optical Giants in the Local Disk (GILD) sample. From high-resolution H- and K-band spectra, the trends of the heavy elements Cu, Zn, Y, Ce, Nd, and Yb can be retrieved. This opens up the nucleosynthetic channels, including the s-process and the r-process in dust-obscured populations. The [Mn/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend is shown to be more or less flat at low metallicities, implying that existing non-local thermodynamic equilibrium correction is relevant.Conclusions. With high-resolution near-infrared spectra, it is possible to determine reliable abundance ratio trends versus metallicity for 21 elements, including elements formed in several different nucleosynthetic channels. It is also possible to determine the important neutron-capture elements, both s- and r-dominated elements. This opens up the possibility to study the chemical evolution in detail of dust-obscured regions of the Milky Way, such as the Galactic Center. The M giants are useful bright probes for these regions and for future studies of extra-galactic stellar populations. A careful analysis of high-quality spectra is needed to retrieve all of these elements, which are often from weak and blended lines. A spectral resolution of R ≳ 40 000 is a further quality that helps in deriving precise abundances for this range of elements. In comparison to APOGEE, we can readily obtain the abundances for Cu, Ce, Nd, and Yb from the H-band, demonstrating an advantage of analyzing high-resolution spectra.
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20.
  • Nandakumar, G., et al. (författare)
  • The Galactic chemical evolution of phosphorus observed with IGRINS
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 668
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. Phosphorus (P) is considered to be one of the key elements for life, making it an important element to look for in the abundance analysis of spectra of stellar systems. Yet, only a select number of spectroscopic studies exist to estimate the phosphorus abundances and investigate its trend across a range of metallicities. This is due to the lack of good phosphorus lines in the optical wavelength region and the requirement of careful manual analysis of the blended phosphorus lines in near-infrared H-band spectra obtained with individual observations and surveys such as the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Aims. Based on a consistent and systematic analysis of high-resolution, near-infrared Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) spectra of 38 K giant stars in the Solar neighborhood, we present and investigate the phosphorus abundance trend in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex < [Fe/H] < 0.4 dex. Furthermore, we compare this trend with the available chemical evolution models to shed some light on the origin and evolution of phosphorus. Methods. We have observed full H- and K-band spectra at a spectral resolving power of R = 45 000 with IGRINS mounted on the Gemini South telescope, the Discovery Channel Telescope, and the Harlan J Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. Abundances were determined from spectral lines by modeling the synthetic spectrum that best matches the observed spectrum by chi(2) minimization. For this task, we used the Spectroscopy Made Easy (SME) tool in combination with one-dimensional (1D) Model Atmospheres in a Radiative and Convective Scheme (MARCS) stellar atmosphere models. The investigated sample of stars have reliable stellar parameters estimated using optical FIber-fed Echelle Spectrograph (FIES) spectra obtained in a previous study of a set of stars called Giants in the Local Disk (GILD). In order to determine the phosphorus abundances from the 16482.92 angstrom phosphorus line, we needed to take special care blending the CO(v = 7-4) line. With the stellar parameters known, we thus determined the C, N, and O abundances from atomic carbon and a range of nonblended molecular lines (CO, CN, and OH) which are plentiful in the H-band region of K giant stars, assuring an appropriate modeling of the blending CO(v = 7-4) line. Results. We present the [P/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend for K giant stars in the metallicity range of -1.2 dex < [Fe/H] < 0.4 dex and enhanced phosphorus abundances for two metal-poor s-rich stars. We find that our trend matches well with the compiled literature sample of prominently dwarf stars and the limited number of giant stars. Our trend is found to be higher by similar to 0.05-0.1 dex compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend resulting from the core collapse supernova (type II) of massive stars with the phosphorus yields arbitrarily increased by a factor of 2.75. Thus the enhancement factor might need to be similar to 0.05-0.1 dex higher to match our trend. We also find an empirically determined primary behavior for phosphorus. Furthermore, the phosphorus abundance is found to be elevated by similar to 0.6-0.9 dex in the two s-enriched stars compared to the theoretical chemical evolution trend.
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21.
  • Schiavon, Ricardo P., et al. (författare)
  • The APOGEE value-added catalogue of Galactic globular cluster stars
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 528:2, s. 1393-1407
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We introduce the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)/ Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) value-added catalogue of Galactic globular cluster (GC) stars. The catalogue is the result of a critical search of the APOGEE Data Release 17 (DR17) catalogue for candidate members of all known Galactic GCs. Candidate members are assigned to various GCs on the basis of position in the sky, proper motion, and radial velocity. The catalogue contains a total of 7737 entries for 6422 unique stars associated with 72 Galactic GCs. Full APOGEE DR17 information is provided, including radial velocities and abundances for up to 20 elements. Membership probabilities estimated on the basis of precision radial velocities are made available. Comparisons with chemical compositions derived from the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, as well as optical values from the literature, show good agreement. This catalogue represents a significant increase in the public data base of GC star chemical compositions and kinematics, providing a massive homogeneous data set that will enable a variety of studies. The catalogue in fits format is available for public download from the SDSS-IV DR17 value-added catalogue website.
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22.
  • Song, C X, et al. (författare)
  • Isotope shifts in electron affinities and in binding energies of Pb and hyperfine structure of 207Pb
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 160:21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The isotope shifts in electron affinities of Pb were measured by Walter et al. [Phys. Rev. A 106, L010801 (2022)] to be -0.002(4) meV for 207-208Pb and -0.003(4) meV for 206-208Pb by scanning the threshold of the photodetachment channel Pb-(S3/2◦4) - Pb (3P0), while Chen and Ning reported 0.015(25) and -0.050(22) meV for the isotope shifts on the binding energies measured relative to 3P2 using the SEVI method [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 084303 (2016)]. Here we revisited these isotope shifts by using our second-generation SEVI spectrometer and obtained -0.001(15) meV for 207-208Pb and -0.001(14) meV for 206-208Pb, respectively. In order to aid the experiment by theory, we performed the first ab initio theoretical calculations of isotope shifts in electron affinities and binding energies of Pb, as well as the hyperfine structure of 207Pb-, by using the MCDHF and RCI methods. The isotope shifts in electron affinities of 207-208Pb and 206-208Pb are -0.0023(8) and -0.0037(13) meV for the 3P0 channel, respectively, in good agreement with Walter et al.'s measurements. The isotope shifts in binding energies relative to 3P1,2, -0.0015(8) and -0.0026(13) meV for 207-208Pb and 206-208Pb, respectively, are compatible with the present measurements. The hyperfine constant for the ground state of 207Pb- obtained by the present calculations, A(S3/2◦4)=-1118 MHz, differs by a factor of 3 from the previous estimation by Bresteau et al. [J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 52, 065001 (2019)]. The reliability is supported by the good agreement between the theoretical and experimental hyperfine parameters of 209Bi.
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23.
  • Song, C.X., et al. (författare)
  • Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations for astrophysics : n=4 levels in P-like ions from Mn XIto Ni XIV
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 247:70, s. 1-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and the relativistic configuration interaction methods, a consistent set of transition energies and radiative transition data for the lowest 546 (623, 701, and 745) states of the  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  , and   configurations in Mn xi (Fe xii, Co xiii, and Ni xiv) is provided. The comparison between calculated excitation energies for the n = 4 states and available experimental values for Fe xii indicate that the calculations are highly accurate, with uncertainties of only a few hundred cm−1. Lines from these states are prominent in the soft X-rays. With the present calculations, several recent new identifications are confirmed. Other identifications involving   levels in Fe xii that were found to be questionable are discussed and a few new assignments are recommended. As some n = 4 states of the other ions also show large discrepancies between experimental and calculated energies, we reassess their identification. The present study provides highly accurate atomic data for the n = 4 states of P-like ions of astrophysical interest, for which experimental data are scarce.
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24.
  • The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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25.
  • Tønnesen, Siren, et al. (författare)
  • Brain Age Prediction Reveals Aberrant Brain White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder : A Multisample Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-9022 .- 2451-9030. ; 5:12, s. 1095-1103
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share substantial neurodevelopmental components affecting brain maturation and architecture. This necessitates a dynamic lifespan perspective in which brain aberrations are inferred from deviations from expected lifespan trajectories. We applied machine learning to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices of white matter structure and organization to estimate and compare brain age between patients with SZ, patients with BD, and healthy control (HC) subjects across 10 cohorts.METHODS: We trained 6 cross-validated models using different combinations of DTI data from 927 HC subjects (18-94 years of age) and applied the models to the test sets including 648 patients with SZ (18-66 years of age), 185 patients with BD (18-64 years of age), and 990 HC subjects (17-68 years of age), estimating the brain age for each participant. Group differences were assessed using linear models, accounting for age, sex, and scanner. A meta-analytic framework was applied to assess the heterogeneity and generalizability of the results.RESULTS: Tenfold cross-validation revealed high accuracy for all models. Compared with HC subjects, the model including all feature sets significantly overestimated the age of patients with SZ (Cohen's d = -0.29) and patients with BD (Cohen's d = 0.18), with similar effects for the other models. The meta-analysis converged on the same findings. Fractional anisotropy-based models showed larger group differences than the models based on other DTI-derived metrics.CONCLUSIONS: Brain age prediction based on DTI provides informative and robust proxies for brain white matter integrity. Our results further suggest that white matter aberrations in SZ and BD primarily consist of anatomically distributed deviations from expected lifespan trajectories that generalize across cohorts and scanners.
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26.
  • Wanderley, Fabio, et al. (författare)
  • Stellar Characterization and Radius Inflation of Hyades M-dwarf Stars from the APOGEE Survey
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 951:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a spectroscopic analysis of a sample of 48 M-dwarf stars (0.2 M (& ODOT;) < M < 0.6 M (& ODOT;)) from the Hyades open cluster using high-resolution H-band spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. Our methodology adopts spectrum synthesis with LTE MARCS model atmospheres, along with the APOGEE Data Release 17 line list, to determine effective temperatures, surface gravities, metallicities, and projected rotational velocities. The median metallicity obtained for the Hyades M dwarfs is [M/H] = 0.09 & PLUSMN; 0.03 dex, indicating a small internal uncertainty and good agreement with optical results for Hyades red giants. Overall, the median radii are larger than predicted by stellar models by 1.6% & PLUSMN; 2.3% and 2.4% & PLUSMN; 2.3%, relative to a MIST and DARTMOUTH isochrone, respectively. We emphasize, however, that these isochrones are different, and the fractional radius inflation for the fully and partially convective regimes have distinct behaviors depending on the isochrone. Using a MIST isochrone there is no evidence of radius inflation for the fully convective stars, while for the partially convective M dwarfs the radii are inflated by 2.7% & PLUSMN; 2.1%, which is in agreement with predictions from models that include magnetic fields. For the partially convective stars, rapid rotators present on average higher inflation levels than slow rotators. The comparison with SPOTS isochrone models indicates that the derived M-dwarf radii can be explained by accounting for stellar spots in the photosphere of the stars, with 76% of the studied M dwarfs having up to 20% spot coverage, and the most inflated stars with & SIM;20%-40% spot coverage.
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27.
  • Weinberg, David H., et al. (författare)
  • Chemical Cartography with APOGEE : Mapping Disk Populations with a 2-process Model and Residual Abundances
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 260:2, s. 1-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We apply a novel statistical analysis to measurements of 16 elemental abundances in 34,410 Milky Way disk stars from the final data release (DR17) of APOGEE-2. Building on recent work, we fit median abundance ratio trends [X/Mg] versus [Mg/H] with a 2-process model, which decomposes abundance patterns into a "prompt" component tracing core-collapse supernovae and a "delayed" component tracing Type Ia supernovae. For each sample star, we fit the amplitudes of these two components, then compute the residuals Delta[X/H] from this two-parameter fit. The rms residuals range from similar to 0.01-0.03 dex for the most precisely measured APOGEE abundances to similar to 0.1 dex for Na, V, and Ce. The correlations of residuals reveal a complex underlying structure, including a correlated element group comprised of Ca, Na, Al, K, Cr, and Ce and a separate group comprised of Ni, V, Mn, and Co. Selecting stars poorly fit by the 2-process model reveals a rich variety of physical outliers and sometimes subtle measurement errors. Residual abundances allow for the comparison of populations controlled for differences in metallicity and [alpha/Fe]. Relative to the main disk (R = 3-13 kpc), we find nearly identical abundance patterns in the outer disk (R = 15-17 kpc), 0.05-0.2 dex depressions of multiple elements in LMC and Gaia Sausage/Enceladus stars, and wild deviations (0.4-1 dex) of multiple elements in omega Cen. The residual abundance analysis opens new opportunities for discovering chemically distinctive stars and stellar populations, for empirically constraining nucleosynthetic yields, and for testing chemical evolution models that include stochasticity in the production and redistribution of elements.
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28.
  • Zhang, X. H., et al. (författare)
  • Benchmarking Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock Calculations for Astrophysics : Si-like Ions from Cr xi to Zn xvii
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 257:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) and relativistic configuration interaction methods are used to provide excitation energies, lifetimes, and radiative transition data for the 604 (699, 702, 704, 704, 704, and 699) lowest levels of the 3s (2)3p (2), 3s3p (3), 3s (2)3p3d, 3p (4), 3s3p (2)3d, 3s (2)3d (2), 3p (3)3d, 3s3p3d (2), 3s3d (3), 3p3d (3), 3p (2)3d (2), 3s (2)3p4s, 3s (2)3p4p, 3s (2)3p4d, 3s (2)3p4f, 3s3p (2)4s, 3s3p (2)4p, 3s3p (2)4d, 3s3p (2)4f, 3s (2)3d4s, 3s (2)3d4p, 3p (3)4s, 3p (3)4p, 3s3p3d4s, 3s (2)3p5s, and 3s (2)3p5p configurations in Cr xi, (Mn xii, Fe xiii, Co xiv, Ni xv, Cu xvi, and Zn xvii). Previous line identifications of Fe xiii and Ni xv in the EUV and X-ray wavelength ranges are reviewed by comprehensively comparing the MCDHF theoretical results with available experimental data. Many recent identifications of Fe xiii and Ni xv lines are confirmed, and several new identifications for these two ions are proposed. A consistent atomic data set with spectroscopic accuracy is provided for the lowest hundreds of levels for Si-like ions of iron-group elements of astrophysical interest, for which experimental values are scarce. The uncertainty estimation method suggested by Kramida, applied to the comparison of the length and velocity line strength values, is used for ranking the transition data. The correlation of the latter with the gauge dependency patterns of the line strengths is investigated.
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29.
  • Abou-Zeid, Nancy, et al. (författare)
  • Towards a cancer mission in Horizon Europe: recommendations
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley Open Access. - 1878-0261 .- 1574-7891. ; 14:8, s. 1589-1615
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A comprehensive translational cancer research approach focused on personalized and precision medicine, and covering the entire cancer research–care–prevention continuum has the potential to achieve in 2030 a 10-year cancer-specific survival for 75% of patients diagnosed in European Union (EU) member states with a well-developed healthcare system. Concerted actions across this continuum that spans from basic and preclinical research through clinical and prevention research to outcomes research, along with the establishment of interconnected high-quality infrastructures for translational research, clinical and prevention trials and outcomes research, will ensure that science-driven and social innovations benefit patients and individuals at risk across the EU. European infrastructures involving comprehensive cancer centres (CCCs) and CCC-like entities will provide researchers with access to the required critical mass of patients, biological materials and technological resources and can bridge research with healthcare systems. Here, we prioritize research areas to ensure a balanced research portfolio and provide recommendations for achieving key targets. Meeting these targets will require harmonization of EU and national priorities and policies, improved research coordination at the national, regional and EU level and increasingly efficient and flexible funding mechanisms. Long-term support by the EU and commitment of Member States to specialized schemes are also needed for the establishment and sustainability of trans-border infrastructures and networks. In addition to effectively engaging policymakers, all relevant stakeholders within the entire continuum should consensually inform policy through evidence-based advice.
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30.
  • Alekseeva, Ekaterina, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Inclusions on the Corrosion Properties of the Nickel-Based Alloys 718 and EP718
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 10:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Inclusions in steels and alloys are known to lower the resistance to deformation, as well as to lower the mechanical, corrosion and other properties. Studies of inclusions in nickel-based alloys are important since these materials could suffer from corrosion degradation in harsh operational conditions. This, in fact, could lead to a pitting initiation around the inclusions. Two industrial Ni-based alloys (alloy 718 and EP718) were investigated to determine the harmful effects of different inclusions on the corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloys. Specifically, the inclusion characteristics (such as composition, morphology, size, number and location) were determined for inclusions collected on film filters after electrolytic extraction and dissolution of a metal matrix around different inclusions on surfaces of metal samples after electrolytic extraction (EE). It was found that both Ni-based alloys contain various inclusion types: carbides (large size NbTi-C and small multicomponent carbides), nitrides TiNb-N and sulphides (TiNb-S in EP718 alloy). The most harmful effects on the corrosion resistance of metal were detected around sulphides and small carbides containing Mo, W, Cr. Dissolution effects were also observed around large carbides and nitrides, especially around inclusions larger than 10 mu m. Moreover, the dissolution of a matrix around inclusions and clusters located on the grain boundaries were found to be 2.1-2.7 times larger compared to inclusions found inside of grains of the given alloy samples.
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31.
  • Arzpeyma, Niloofar, et al. (författare)
  • Development of a Mass and Energy Balance Model and Its Application for HBI Charged EAFs
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 10:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A static mass and energy balance model combined with a MgO saturation slag model is developed for electric arc furnaces. The model parameters including distribution ratios and dust factors are calibrated for a specific furnace using experimental data. Afterward, the model is applied to study the effect of charging different amounts of hot briquetted iron (HBI) on energy consumption, charged slag former amount, and slag composition. The following results were obtained per each 1% increase of HBI additions: (i) a 0.16 Nm(3)/t decrease in the amount of injected oxygen for metal oxidation, (ii) a 1.29 kWh/t increase in the electricity consumption, and (iii) a 34 kg increase in the amount of the slag.
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32.
  • Bergström, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Klimatförändringar och biologisk mångfald : Slutsatser från IPCC och IPBES i ett svenskt perspektiv.
  • 2020
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • De stora miljö- och samhällsproblemen kommer inte ensamma. De är sammankopplade på olika sätt. Detta innebär utmaningar men ger också möjligheter att utveckla åtgärder och lösningar. Det gäller både för klimatfrågan och frågan om att motverka förlusten av biologisk mångfald och ekosystem. Kunskapens betydelse för att hantera dessa och andra aspekter är ovärderlig, såväl kring specifika frågeställningar som kring omständigheter och förutsättningar för åtgärdsarbetet.Den här kunskapssammanställningen har gjorts av forskare från Lunds universitet och Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket och SMHI. Forskarna har tagit avstamp i de omfattande kunskapsutvärderingar som gjorts av den mellanstatliga klimatpanelen (IPCC) och den mellanstatliga plattformen för biologisk mångfald (IPBES). Slutsatserna från IPCC och IPBES sätts i ett svenskt perspektiv, bland annat genom utvalda exempel vilka fungerar som aktuella illustrationer av hur klimatförändringar påverkar biologisk mångfald och ekosystem i Sverige.
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33.
  • Bijavara Seshashayana, Shilpa, et al. (författare)
  • Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 683
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. The age, evolution, and chemical properties of the Galactic disk can be effectively ascertained using open clusters. Within the large program Stellar Populations Astrophysics at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we specifically focused on stars in open clusters, to investigate various astrophysical topics, from the chemical content of very young systems to the abundance patterns of lesser studied intermediate-age and old open clusters.Aims. We investigate the astrophysically interesting element fluorine (F), which has an uncertain and intriguing cosmic origin. We also determine the abundance of cerium (Ce), as F abundance is expected to correlate with the s-process elements. We intend to determine the trend of F abundance across the Galactic disk as a function of metallicity and age. This will offer insights into Galactic chemical evolution models, potentially enhancing our comprehension of this element’s cosmic origin.Methods. High-resolution near-infrared spectra were obtained using the GIANO-B spectrograph. The Python version of Spectroscopy Made Easy (PySME), was used to derive atmospheric parameters and abundances. The stellar parameters were determined using OH, CN, and CO molecular lines along with Fe I lines. The F and Ce abundances were inferred using two K-band HF lines (λλ 2.28, 2.33 µm) and two atomic H-band lines (λλ 1.66, and 1.71 µm), respectively.Results. Of all the clusters in our sample, only King 11 had not been previously studied through medium- to high-resolution spectroscopy, and our stellar parameter and metallicity findings align well with those documented in the literature. We have successfully inferred F and Ce abundances in all seven open clusters and probed the radial and age distributions of abundance ratios. This paper presents the first F Galactic radial abundance gradient. Our results are also compared with literature estimates and with Galactic chemical evolution models that have been generated using different F production channels.Conclusions. Our results indicate a constant, solar pattern in the [F/Fe] ratios across clusters of different ages, supporting the latest findings that fluorine levels do not exhibit any secondary behavior for stars with solar or above-solar metallicity. However, an exception to this trend is seen in NGC 6791, a metal-rich, ancient cluster whose chemical composition is distinct due to its enhanced fluorine abundance. This anomaly strengthens the hypothesis that NGC 6791 originated in the inner regions of the Galaxy before migrating to its present position. By comparing our sample stars with the predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models, we came to the conclusion that both asymptotic giant branch stars and massive stars, including a fraction of fast rotators that increase with decreasing metallicity, are needed to explain the cosmic origin of F.
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34.
  • Boen, Rune, et al. (författare)
  • Beyond the global brain differences : intraindividual variability differences in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 bp1-bp2 deletion carriers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:2, s. 147-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference.Results: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.Conclusions: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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35.
  • Carlsson, Leo S., et al. (författare)
  • Fibers of Failure : Classifying Errors in Predictive Processes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Algorithms. - : MDPI. - 1999-4893. ; 13:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Predictive models are used in many different fields of science and engineering and are always prone to make faulty predictions. These faulty predictions can be more or less malignant depending on the model application. We describe fibers of failure (FIFA), a method to classify failure modes of predictive processes. Our method uses MAPPER, an algorithm from topological data analysis (TDA), to build a graphical model of input data stratified by prediction errors. We demonstrate two ways to use the failure mode groupings: either to produce a correction layer that adjusts predictions by similarity to the failure modes; or to inspect members of the failure modes to illustrate and investigate what characterizes each failure mode. We demonstrate FIFA on two scenarios: a convolutional neural network (CNN) predicting MNIST images with added noise, and an artificial neural network (ANN) predicting the electrical energy consumption of an electric arc furnace (EAF). The correction layer on the CNN model improved its prediction accuracy significantly while the inspection of failure modes for the EAF model provided guiding insights into the domain-specific reasons behind several high-error regions.
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36.
  • Carlsson, Leo S., et al. (författare)
  • Modeling the Effect of Scrap on the Electrical Energy Consumption of an Electric Arc Furnace
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 8:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The melting time of scrap is a factor that affects the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process. The EE consumption itself stands for most of the total energy consumption during the process. Three distinct representations of scrap, based partly on the apparent density and shape of scrap, were created to investigate the effect of scrap on the accuracy of a statistical model predicting the EE consumption of an EAF. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was used as a tool to investigate the effects by each scrap category on each prediction of a selected model. The scrap representation based on the shape of scrap consistently resulted in the best performing models while all models using any of the scrap representations performed better than the ones without any scrap representation. These results were consistent for all four distinct and separately used cleaning strategies on the data set governing the models. In addition, some of the main scrap categories contributed to the model prediction of EE in accordance with the expectations and experience of the plant engineers. The results provide significant evidence that a well-chosen scrap categorization is important to improve a statistical model predicting the EE and that experience on the specific EAF under study is essential to evaluate the practical usefulness of the model.
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37.
  • Carlsson, Leo, et al. (författare)
  • Using statistical modeling to predict the electrical energy consumption of an electric arc furnace producing stainless steel
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The non-linearity of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process and the correlative behavior between the process variables impose challenges that have to be considered if one aims to create a statistical model that is relevant and useful in practice. In this regard, both the statistical modeling framework and the statistical tools used in the modeling pipeline must be selected with the aim of handling these challenges. To achieve this, a non-linear statistical modeling framework known as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been used to predict the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of an EAF producing stainless steel. The statistical tools Feature Importance (FI), Distance Correlation (dCor) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests are applied to investigate the most influencing input variables as well as reasons behind model performance differences when predicting the EE consumption on future heats. The performance, measured as kWh per heat, of the best model was comparable to the performance of the best model reported in the literature while requiring substantially fewer input variables.
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38.
  • Córdova-Palomera, Aldo, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic control of variability in subcortical and intracranial volumes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26:8, s. 3876-3883
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sensitivity to external demands is essential for adaptation to dynamic environments, but comes at the cost of increased risk of adverse outcomes when facing poor environmental conditions. Here, we apply a novel methodology to perform genome-wide association analysis of mean and variance in ten key brain features (accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, intracranial volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness), integrating genetic and neuroanatomical data from a large lifespan sample (n = 25,575 individuals; 8-89 years, mean age 51.9 years). We identify genetic loci associated with phenotypic variability in thalamus volume and cortical thickness. The variance-controlling loci involved genes with a documented role in brain and mental health and were not associated with the mean anatomical volumes. This proof-of-principle of the hypothesis of a genetic regulation of brain volume variability contributes to establishing the genetic basis of phenotypic variance (i.e., heritability), allows identifying different degrees of brain robustness across individuals, and opens new research avenues in the search for mechanisms controlling brain and mental health.
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39.
  • Du, Hongying, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of Chip Breakability during Turning of Stainless Steels Based on Weight Distributions of Chips
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 10:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Currently, the available evaluation methods for determining the chip breakability in the industry are mainly based on subjective visual assessment of the chip formation by an operator during machining or on chips that were collected after the tests. However, in many cases, these methods cannot give us accurate quantitative differences for evaluation of the chip breakability of similar steel grades and similar sets of machining parameters. Thus, more sensitive methods are required to obtain more detailed information. In this study, a new method for the objective assessment of chip breakability based on quantitative determination of the weight distribution of chips (WDC) was tested and applied during machining of stainless steels without Ca treatment (316L) and with Ca treatment (316L + Ca). The obtained results show great consistencies and the reliability of this method. By using the WDC method, significant quantitative differences were obtained by the evaluation of chips, which were collected during the machining process of these two similar grades of steel at various cutting parameters, while, visually, these chips look very similar. More specifically, it was found that the Ca treatment of steel can improve the chip breakability of 316L + Ca steel in 80% of cutting trials, since a fraction of small light chips (Type I) from this steel increased and a fraction of large heavy chips (Type III) decreased accordingly. Moreover, the WDCs that were obtained at different cutting parameters were determined and compared in this study. The obtained results can be used for the optimization of chip breakability of each steel at different cutting parameters. The positive effect of Ca treatment of stainless steel was discussed in this study based on consideration of the modification of different non-metallic inclusions and their effect on the chip breakability during machining.
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40.
  • Ernst, Mario, et al. (författare)
  • Utilizing museomics to trace the complex history and species boundaries in an avian-study system of conservation concern
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 128:3, s. 159-168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A taxonomic classification that accurately captures evolutionary history is essential for conservation. Genomics provides powerful tools for delimiting species and understanding their evolutionary relationships. This allows for a more accurate and detailed view on conservation status compared with other, traditionally used, methods. However, from a practical and ethical perspective, gathering sufficient samples for endangered taxa may be difficult. Here, we use museum specimens to trace the evolutionary history and species boundaries in an Asian oriole clade. The endangered silver oriole has long been recognized as a distinct species based on its unique coloration, but a recent study suggested that it might be nested within the maroon oriole-species complex. To evaluate species designation, population connectivity, and the corresponding conservation implications, we assembled a de novo genome and used whole-genome resequencing of historical specimens. Our results show that the silver orioles form a monophyletic lineage within the maroon oriole complex and that maroon and silver forms continued to interbreed after initial divergence, but do not show signs of recent gene flow. Using a genome scan, we identified genes that may form the basis for color divergence and act as reproductive barriers. Taken together, our results confirm the species status of the silver oriole and highlight that taxonomic revision of the maroon forms is urgently needed. Our study demonstrates how genomics and Natural History Collections (NHC) can be utilized to shed light on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of natural populations and how such insights can directly benefit conservation practitioners when assessing wild populations.
  •  
41.
  • Escamez, Sacha, 1987-, et al. (författare)
  • Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging as an in Situ and Label-Free Readout for the Chemical Composition of Lignin
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society. - 2168-0485. ; 9:51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Naturally fluorescent polymeric molecules such as collagen, resilin, cutin, suberin, or lignin can serve as renewable sources of bioproducts. Theoretical physics predicts that the fluorescence lifetime of these polymers is related to their chemical composition. We verified this prediction for lignin, a major structural element in plant cell walls that form woody biomass. Lignin is composed of different phenylpropanoid units, and its composition affects its properties, biological functions, and the utilization of wood biomass. We carried out fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements of wood cell wall lignin in a population of 90 hybrid aspen trees genetically engineered to display differences in cell wall chemistry and structure. We also measured the wood cell wall composition by classical analytical methods in these trees. Using statistical modeling and machine learning algorithms, we identified parameters of fluorescence lifetime that predict the content of S-type and G-type lignin units, the two main types of units in the lignin of angiosperm (flowering) plants. In a first step toward tailoring lignin biosynthesis toward improvement of woody biomass feedstocks, we show how FLIM can reveal the dynamics of lignin biosynthesis in two different biological contexts, including in vivo while lignin is being synthesized in the walls of living cells. © 2021 The Authors.
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42.
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43.
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44.
  • Gaigalas, G., et al. (författare)
  • Energy and transition data computations for P-like ions : As, Kr, Sr, Zr, Mo, and W
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. - : Academic Press. - 0092-640X .- 1090-2090. ; 141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods were used to compute excitation energies and transition data for the 147 lowest states of the even 3s(3)p(4), 3s(2)3p2(3)d, 3p(4)3d, 3s(3)p(2)3d(2) configurations and for the 124 lowest states of the odd 3s23p3, 3p5, 3s3p33d, 3s(2)3p(3)d2, 3p(3)3d(2) configurations for the P-like ions: As XIX, Kr XXII, Sr XXIV, Zr XXVI, Mo XXVIII, and W LX. E1 transition rates and weighted oscillator strengths among these states are given. Valence-valence, core-valence and core-core electron correlation effects are included. Computed excitation energies and transition data are compared with the NIST recommended values and experimental or theoretical results of other authors. All calculations were performed using the general relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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45.
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46.
  • Geisler, D., et al. (författare)
  • CAPOS : The bulge Cluster APOgee Survey I. Overview and initial ASPCAP results
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 652
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context. Bulge globular clusters (BGCs) are exceptional tracers of the formation and chemodynamical evolution of this oldest Galactic component. However, until now, observational difficulties have prevented us from taking full advantage of these powerful Galactic archeological tools. Aims. CAPOS, the bulge Cluster APOgee Survey, addresses this key topic by observing a large number of BGCs, most of which have only been poorly studied previously. Even their most basic parameters, such as metallicity, [alpha/Fe], and radial velocity, are generally very uncertain. We aim to obtain accurate mean values for these parameters, as well as abundances for a number of other elements, and explore multiple populations. In this first paper, we describe the CAPOS project and present initial results for seven BGCs. Methods. CAPOS uses the APOGEE-2S spectrograph observing in the H band to penetrate obscuring dust toward the bulge. For this initial paper, we use abundances derived from ASPCAP, the APOGEE pipeline. Results. We derive mean [Fe/H] values of -0.85 +/- 0.04 (Terzan 2), -1.40 +/- 0.05 (Terzan 4), -1.20 +/- 0.10 (HP 1), -1.40 +/- 0.07 (Terzan 9), -1.07 +/- 0.09 (Djorg 2), -1.06 +/- 0.06 (NGC 6540), and -1.11 +/- 0.04 (NGC 6642) from three to ten stars per cluster. We determine mean abundances for eleven other elements plus the mean [alpha/Fe] and radial velocity. CAPOS clusters significantly increase the sample of well-studied Main Bulge globular clusters (GCs) and also extend them to lower metallicity. We reinforce the finding that Main Bulge and Main Disk GCs, formed in situ, have [Si/Fe] abundances slightly higher than their accreted counterparts at the same metallicity. We investigate multiple populations and find our clusters generally follow the light-element (anti)correlation trends of previous studies of GCs of similar metallicity. We finally explore the abundances of the iron-peak elements Mn and Ni and compare their trends with field populations. Conclusions. CAPOS is proving to be an unprecedented resource for greatly improving our knowledge of the formation and evolution of BGCs and the bulge itself.
  •  
47.
  • Ghalwash, Mohamed, et al. (författare)
  • Islet autoantibody screening in at-risk adolescents to predict type 1 diabetes until young adulthood : a prospective cohort study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. - 2352-4642. ; 7:4, s. 261-268
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Screening for islet autoantibodies in children and adolescents identifies individuals who will later develop type 1 diabetes, allowing patient and family education to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis at onset and to enable consideration of preventive therapies. We aimed to assess whether islet autoantibody screening is effective for predicting type 1 diabetes in adolescents aged 10−18 years with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Methods: Data were harmonised from prospective studies from Finland (the Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study), Germany (the BABYDIAB study), and the USA (Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young and the Diabetes Evaluation in Washington study). Autoantibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and insulinoma-associated protein 2 were measured at each follow-up visit. Children who were lost to follow-up or diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 10 years of age were excluded. Inverse probability censoring weighting was used to include data from remaining participants. Sensitivity and the positive predictive value of these autoantibodies, tested at one or two ages, to predict type 1 diabetes by the age of 18 years were the main outcomes. Findings: Of 20 303 children with an increased type 1 diabetes risk, 8682 were included for the analysis with inverse probability censoring weighting. 1890 were followed up to 18 years of age or developed type 1 diabetes between the ages of 10 years and 18 years, and their median follow-up was 18·3 years (IQR 14·5–20·3). 442 (23·4%) of 1890 adolescents were positive for at least one islet autoantibody, and 262 (13·9%) developed type 1 diabetes. Time from seroconversion to diabetes diagnosis increased by 0·64 years (95% CI 0·34–0·95) for each 1-year increment of diagnosis age (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0·88, 95% CI 0·50–0·97, p=0·0020). The median interval between the last prediagnostic sample and diagnosis was 0·3 years (IQR 0·1–1·3) in the 227 participants who were autoantibody positive and 6·8 years (1·6–9·9) for the 35 who were autoantibody negative. Single screening at the age of 10 years was 90% (95% CI 86–95) sensitive, with a positive predictive value of 66% (60–72) for clinical diabetes. Screening at two ages (10 years and 14 years) increased sensitivity to 93% (95% CI 89–97) but lowered the positive predictive value to 55% (49–60). Interpretation: Screening of adolescents at risk for type 1 diabetes only once at 10 years of age for islet autoantibodies was highly effective to detect type 1 diabetes by the age of 18 years, which in turn could enable prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis and participation in secondary prevention trials. Funding: JDRF International.
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48.
  • Gil, Elisabeth G., et al. (författare)
  • Oral health-related quality of life in 4–16-year-olds with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Oral Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Few studies have investigated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in young individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Aims were to investigate whether OHRQoL differs between children and adolescents with JIA compared to controls without JIA, while adjusting for socio-demographic-, behavioral- and oral health-related covariates. Furthermore, to explore whether socio-behavioral and oral health-related covariates of OHRQoL vary according to group affiliation and finally, specifically for individuals with JIA, to investigate whether disease-specific features associate with OHRQoL. We hypothesized that participants with JIA have poorer OHRQoL compared to participants without JIA. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study participants with JIA (n = 224) were matched to controls without JIA (n = 224). OHRQoL was assessed according to Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (4–11-years-olds) and the child version of Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (Child-OIDP) (12–16-years-olds). JIA-specific characteristics were assessed by pediatric rheumatologists and socio-demographic, behavioral and self-reported oral health information collected by questionnaires. Index teeth were examined for caries by calibrated dentists. Multiple variable analyses were performed using logistic regression, reporting odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Two-way interactions were tested between group affiliation and the socio-behavioral- and oral health-related variables on the respective outcome variables. Results: In total, 96 participants with JIA and 98 controls were evaluated according to ECOHIS, corresponding numbers for Child-OIDP was 125 and 124. Group affiliation was not associated with impaired ECOHIS or Child-OIDP in adjusted analyses (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 0.94–4.04 and OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.46–2.17, respectively). Female adolescents with JIA were more likely than males to report oral impacts according to Child-OIDP. Continued activity or flare was found to adversely affect Child-OIDP, also self-reported outcome measures in JIA associated with Child-OIDP. Conclusions: This study did not provide consistent evidence to confirm the hypothesis that children and adolescents with JIA are more likely to have impaired OHRQoL compared to their peers without JIA. However, female adolescents with JIA were more likely than males to report impacts on OHRQoL. Furthermore, within the JIA group, adolescents with continued disease activity, flare or reporting pain, physical disability, had higher risk than their counterparts of impaired OHRQoL.
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49.
  • Grisoni, V., et al. (författare)
  • Modelling the chemical evolution of Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in the Galactic discs and bulge
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 492:2, s. 2828-2834
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We study the chemical evolution of Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in the Milky Way discs and bulge by means of chemical evolution models compared with spectroscopic data. We consider detailed chemical evolution models for the Galactic thick disc, thin disc, and bulge, which have been already tested to reproduce the observed [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagrams and metallicity distribution functions for the three different components, and we apply them to follow the evolution of neutron capture elements. In the [Eu/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagram, we observe and predict three distinct sequences corresponding to the thick disc, thin disc, and bulge, similar to what happens for the α-elements. We can nicely reproduce the three sequences by assuming different time-scales of formation and star formation efficiencies for the three different components, with the thin disc forming on a longer time-scale of formation with respect to the thick disc and bulge. On the other hand, in the [X/Fe] versus [Fe/H] diagrams for Zr, La, and Ce, the three populations are mixed and also from the model point of view there is an overlapping between the predictions for the different Galactic components, but the observed behaviour can be also reproduced by assuming different star formation histories in the three components. In conclusions, it is straightforward to see how different star formation histories can lead to different abundance patterns and also looking at the abundance patterns of neutron capture elements can help in constraining the history of formation and evolution of the major Galactic components.
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50.
  • Hadler-Olsen, E., et al. (författare)
  • Temporomandibular disorders in an adult population in northern Norway: A cross-sectional study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 7:6, s. 1144-1153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of symptoms indicative of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in an adult population in Troms County in Northern Norway, as well as the associations between TMD and socio-demographic factors, dental status, self-reported general, and oral health as well as oral health related quality of life (OHQoL). Methods: Data were collected from a structured questionnaire and a clinical examination of a random sample of almost 2000 adults, 20-79-year-old, in Troms County in Northern Norway. Results: Women had a higher prevalence of all self-reported and clinical signs of pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular complex compared to men. For both genders, sounds from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) upon clinical examination was the most common symptom, followed by pain to palpation of jaw muscles. Headache was the most common of the self-reported symptoms and sounds from the TMJ the second most common. Young women had a higher prevalence of self-reported headache and jaw- and face pain compared to middle-aged and elderly women. TMD-related symptoms of pain were significantly associated with poor self-reported general health and correlated with OHQoL as assessed by the oral health impact profile 14 questionnaire. Conclusion: Being women and having moderate to poor self-reported general health were associated with clinical signs and self-reported symptoms of pain in the jaw, face and head region. Self-reported symptoms of TMD correlated more strongly with OHQoL than clinical signs.
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