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- Ewa, Axelsson Lantz, 1983-
(författare)
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Naturresurser, sågverksbolag och bönder : konflikter i Västernorrland 1863-1906
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the nineteenth century, competition over forestland and waterways grew in Northern Sweden. This increased the pressure on existing institutions of natural resource governance. It culminated with a ban on private acquisition of woodland from smallholders in 1906. This thesis deals with how the local communities handled the institutional challenges of this process. I study two geographical areas connected to different stages in the chain of production, from the inland of standing timber to the downstream sawmills. Previous research states that the sawmill industry in this region used its position in local governments to gain economic advantages. The number of votes were related to the value of one’s property and income, which put forest and factory owners in a favorable political position. Another claim from previous works is that the local courts, in general, constituted a place for settling local natural resource conflicts in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The two research questions extracted from this are: What role did formal political and legal institutions play in managing conflicts about natural resource use? What disagreements occurred in the different parts of the sawmill industry's production chain? The aim is to better understand natural resource conflicts between the local community and the sawmill industry, across the production chain, in the county of Västernorrland, 1863-1906. To capture the regional differences, I study one industrial municipality – Gudmundrå, and one raw material municipality – Junsele. An iterative methodological approach is used. I find that the local government was not a significant arena for natural resource matters, in contrast to what could be intuitively expected from the literature. Sawmill companies did use their politically dominant position to influence the local community, however not in matters of resource management in this case. The local court was more important. These conflicts were often about property rights regarding contracts and the use of waterways and forestland, and damages imposed by this. Local farmers often initiated cases. This is in line with what the literature suggested on the role of local courts as the arena for settling private economic matters among locals. However, the nature of the conflicts changed over time and differed vastly between the two geographical areas. The results show that the conflict types were different in Gudmundrå and Junsele due to their geographical location, which provided a ground for different links of the sawmill value chain. The results also reveals that key institutional changes were characterized of both top-down and bottom-up processes. One example is local farmers who were involved in the processes of setting the terms for log driving routes. They served as an important link of the value chain that connected the raw materials to the saw mill industry’s production.
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| 2. |
- Jörgensen, Hans, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Diverging Roads from the Soviet Kolkhoz-Model : Estonia and Hungary - Inside and Outside the Soviet Union
- 2016
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia. - Riga : University of Latvia Press. - 1022-4483. ; 24:1, s. 4-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After World War II, the large-scale Soviet agricultural production model was spread into the satellite states of CEE (Central and Eastern Europe). In spite of this, planned economic agricultural production was far from homogenous. This diversity – appearing inside and outside the Soviet Union – is worthwhile exploring, here represented by two of the most (in relative terms) productive agricultural regions of the Soviet bloc. The authors thus compare the agricultural development from the 1940s up to the 1980s in Post-War Estonia; a Soviet Republic, and Hungary; a Soviet satellite state. The authors’ methodology is commonly known as encompassing comparison. Estonia was forced to become an integral part of the Soviet Union and a planned economy already in 1940, while Hungary – in theory – was able to remain as an independent state. In both cases, however, trade was re-oriented towards the CMEA-market. After Stalin’s death, and especially from the late 1950s, the eased conditions enabled states to deviate from the initial Stalinist model. Hungary did so in a more formal way because of the national political development after the Revolution of 1956 while Estonia had to find other informal ways of rejecting the centralised orders. The investigation shows that the Estonian kolkhozes and the Hungarian co-operatives, representing two forms of deviation from the Soviet kolkhoz model, were able to deviate by means of specific measures such as the personal impact from national politicians, as well as the neglect of centralised orders. The authors conclude that the main explanation for this was due to specific national institutional legacies, such as the landed property relations, work ethics, and market economy experiences. Both the formal and informal political resistance that was exercised provided motives for new thinking in agrarian organisation and management. This had long-term effects on Soviet agricultural policy from the mid-1960s.
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| 4. |
- Jörgensen, Hans, 1961-
(författare)
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London och Riga : Från Lantbruksrådens fönster i mellankrigstid: Miles von Wachenfelt och Waldemar Silfverhjelm
- 2018
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Ingår i: Kungl. Skogs- och Lantbruksakademiens Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Kungl. Skogs- och Lantbruksakademien. - 0023-5350. ; :3, s. 17-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en redogörelse för hur de två svenska lantbruksråden Miles von Wachenfelt och Waldemar Silfverhjelm bedömde och rapporterade om den internationella jordbruksmarknadens förutsättningar och utveckling utifrån sina respektive placeringar i mellankrigstidens London och Riga. Samtidigt beskrivs den inledande historiska bakgrunden till hur lantbruksrådens uppdrag växte fram. Den turbulenta mellankrigstidens handelspolitiska problem berörs och framförallt lantbruksrådens bedömningar av marknadsläget för jordbruksprodukter, där den svenska smörexporten hade en specifik roll. Några rent personbiografiska aspekter på lantbruksrådens arbete och liv tas upp men det finns inte möjlighet att här ge en heltäckande bild av vare sig lantbruksrådens arbete eller de omfattande förändringar som uppstod på de marknader som de bevakade. Istället riktas uppmärksamheten mot lantbruksrådens uppväxt, utbildning och arbete i den svenska utrikesförvaltningen. När det gäller bedömningar av jordbruksmarknadens förändringar berörs främst England och Estland.
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