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- Alem, Atalay, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of mental distress in Butajira, Ethiopia.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum. - : Wiley. - 0065-1591 .- 1600-5473 .- 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 100:S397, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 10,468 rural and semi-urban adults in an Ethiopian district using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to detect the prevalence of mental distress and its association with socio-demographic risk factors. Fifty-eight per cent of the study population were women, 74% were Muslim, 79% were illiterate. Those experiencing 11 or more symptoms out of the 20 SRQ items were considered as having mental distress. Accordingly, the prevalence of mental distress was 17%, which is comparable with the previous hospital-based studies in Ethiopia and elsewhere. However, it was higher than the previous community-based studies in Ethiopia. Mental distress was more prevalent among women. Part of the explanation was that women in the study population were older and that they were more often widowed or divorced, which were factors associated with mental distress. Illiteracy, which was more common among women and older individuals, was also independently associated with mental distress.
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- Fujita, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the RPGR gene in 11 pedigrees with the retinitis pigmentosa type 3 genotype: Paucity of mutations in the coding region, but splice defects in two families
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 61:3, s. 571-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is a severe form of inherited progressive retinal degeneration. The RP3 (retinitis pigmentosa type 3) locus at Xp21.1 is believed to account for the disease in the majority of XLRP families. Linkage analysis and identification of patients with chromosomal deletion have refined the location of the RP3 locus and recently have led to the cloning of the RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) gene, which has been shown to be mutated in 10%15% of XLRP patients. In order to systematically characterize the RPGR mutations, we identified 11 retinitis pig-mentosa type III (RP3) families by haplotype analysis. Sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified genomic DNA from patients representing these RP3 families did not reveal any causative mutation in RPGR exons 219, spanning > 98% of the coding region. In patients from two families, we identified transition mutations in the intron region near splice sites (IVS10/3 and IVS13-8). RNA analysis showed that both splice-site mutations resulted in the generation of aberrant RPGR transcripts. Our results support the hypothesis that mutations in the reported RPGR gene are not a common defect in the RP3 subtype of XLRP and that a majority of causative mutations may reside either in as yet unidentified RPGR exons or in another nearby gene at Xp21.1.
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- Jacobsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Isoform-specific exocytotic protein mRNA expression in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons: regulation after osmotic challenge
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 70:6, s. 392-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exocytosis is regulated by proteins which interact to promote docking and fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane. We have used in situ hybridization to study the mRNA expression for <i>v</i>esicle-<i>a</i>ssociated <i>m</i>embrane <i>p</i>rotein (VAMP) isoforms VAMP-1 and VAMP-2, <i>s</i>ynaptosomal-<i>a</i>ssociated <i>p</i>rotein of 25-kDa (SNAP-25) isoforms SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b, <i>m</i>ammalian homologue of <i>unc</i>-18 (munc-18) and Hrs-2 in neurosecretory neurons of the magnocellular paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of normal and osmotically challenged animals. In PVN and SON neurons of normal animals, strong labeling was demonstrated for VAMP-2 and SNAP-25a mRNA, whereas VAMP-1 or SNAP-25b mRNA could not be detected. Salt-loading (2% NaCl as drinking water), an animal model which increases the expression and secretion of hormones from hypothalamic magnocellular neurons, resulted in significantly increased mRNA levels for VAMP-2 (36%, 28%), munc-18 (74%, 68%) and SNAP-25a (59%, 77%) in the PVN and SON, respectively. There was no significant increase in Hrs-2 mRNA levels in the PVN, whereas a significant increase (22%) was observed in the SON. In the posterior pituitary, immunohistochemistry showed a marked decrease in numbers and intensity of vasopressin-immunoreactive (-IR) nerve endings after salt-loading. There were no obvious changes in numbers or intensity of VAMP-2-, munc-18-, Hrs-2- or SNAP-25-IR fibers. Large varicosities containing VAMP-2- and Hrs-2 immunocreactivity were seen in salt-loaded animals. The results show isoform-specific mRNA expression in neurosecretory neurons and an increased mRNA expression of proteins participating in the molecular regulation of exocytosis during an experimental situation characterized by increased secretion.
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