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- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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From job-less growth to growth-with-less-jobs: Employment and equity impact of technical and organisational change
- 1996
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 23:1, s. 27-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New technical innovations in the form of new production technologies are known to affect productivity, but organisational innovations and new ways of designing products have now been found to have a profound influence on productivity. These innovations have moved the industrialised countries into a stage in which industrial growth is accompanied by the continuous reduction in industrial employment. This development will greatly influence our society and put stringent demands on our political decision-making apparatus to avoid a growth in the 'wealth of nations' going hand-in-hand with a growth in poverty.
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| 2. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Some Aspects of An Analytical Framework for Studying the Diffusion of Organizational Innovations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. - 0953-7325 .- 1465-3990. ; 10:1, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to explore the extent to which the more recent literature on innovation and diffusion, with a prime focus on technical innovations, can contribute to a useful analytical framework for studying the diffusion of organizational innovations. We review that literature, compare the intrinsic features of technical and organizational innovations, and explore what these differences may mean for an eventual analytical framework specifically developed for studying organizational innovations. We conclude that the received 'innovation' literature has a great deal to offer but that some modifications are required. In particular, we suggest that the role of factors 'inside' the firm and of non-market mechanisms for transfer of organizational innovations needs special emphasis.
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| 5. |
- Håkansson, Ane, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental study of the neutron emission from spent PWR fuel
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Measurements of the thermal and epithermal neutron emission from eleven 15x15 and fourteen 17x17 PWR fuel assemblies have been performed. In the measurements a FORK detector supplied by Euroatom was utilised. The neutron flux was observed to depend on the burnup to approximately the fourth power. Also the strong dependence on initial enrichment could be verified. The latter dependency suggests a possible method to determine the initial enrichment. Such a method is considered as an important feature of safeguard as well as in fuel processing at the planned encapsulation plant for spent nuclear fuel.
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| 9. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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A Tomographic Method for Verification of the Integrity of Spent Nuclear Fuel
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A tomographic method for experimental investigation of the integrity of usedLWR fuel has been developed. It is based on measurements of the gamma radiation fromthe fission products in the fuel rods. A reconstruction code of the algebraic type has beenwritten. The potential of the technique has been examined in extensive simulationsassuming a gamma-ray energy of either 0.66 MeV (137Cs) or 1.27 MeV (154Eu).The resultsof the simulations for BWR fuel indicate that single fuel rods or groups of rods replacedwith water or fresh fuel can be reliably detected independent of their position in the fuelassembly using 137Cs radiation. For PWR fuel the same result is obtained with the exceptionof the most central positions. Here the more penetrable radiation from 154Eu must be used inorder to allow a water channel to be distinguished from a fuel rod.The results of the simulations have been verified experimentally for a 8x8 BWRfuel assembly. Special equipment has been constructed and installed at the interim storageCLAB. The equipment allows the mapping of the radiation field around a fuel assemblywith the aid of a germanium detector fitted with a collimator with a vertical slit. Theintensities measured in 2 520 detector positions were used as input for the reconstructioncode used in the simulations. The results agreed very well with the simulations and revealedsignificantly a position containing a water channel in the central part of the assembly.
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| 11. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Tomographic measurements of thermal power in nuclear fuel rods : Stage 2 progress report December 1999
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents recent progress in a project on tomographic measurements of thermal power in nuclear fuel rods, carried out at Uppsala University and funded via the Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology, KTC. The project is executed in three stages, of which this report describes a set of studies made during the second stage.Experimental studies have been performed using a laboratory mock-up, modelling a fuel assembly of the BWR8x8 type, in which tomographic data collection is made using BGO scintillator detectors and a data-acquisition system based on single-channel analysers. Gamma-ray scattering has been identified as a major contributor to systematic errors in the measurement of relative activity contents in the 63 rods of the mock-up assembly. Since scattering causes build-up of radiation at lower energies, it may be taken into account in the tomographic analyses by introducing a so-called effective attenuation coefficient in the reconstruction models, being slightly lower than the theoretical coefficient. Studies show that this approach may enhance the precision in the measurement of relative rod-activity contents from about 3‑4% down to about 1.2‑1.4%.Data collection has also been performed using a separate, spectroscopic data-acquisition system, in a set of measurements where inactive rods have been used to introduce scattering in order to analyse its effects on the collected data. The results indicate that most of the adverse effects of scattering may be eliminated by deploying a spectroscopic system with peak analysis including background subtraction. Consequently, such a system should be considered for Stage 3 of this project.Simulation studies have also been executed to analyse the measurement uncertainties introduced by geometric deviations from the nominal positions of the four sections of a SVEA‑64 fuel assembly. It was found that the standard deviation of relative rod activities caused by the largest displacements allowed by the nominal gaps enclosing each section was about 0.5%, which may be considered acceptable.
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| 13. |
- Jacobsson Svärd, Staffan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Dislocated Individual Fuel Rods in a Nuclear Fuel Assembly using Tomographic Measurements
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A method is suggested for identifying and quantifying possible dislocations of individual fuel rods in an irradiated nuclear fuel assembly. The method is designed for application in tomographic measurements of nuclear fuel assemblies. The source distribution of gamma radiation is reconstructed using a tomographic algorithm, in which the pixel pattern is adapted to the assembly geometry. By comparing the reconstructed source concentration in opposite parts of each fuel rod in the assembly, quantitative information may be obtained about possible dislocations.Theoretical considerations have been applied and data from simulations of a nuclear fuel assembly with single dislocated rods have been used in tomographic reconstructions. The investigations indicate that the method should be applicable for identification of dislocations larger than a few tenths of a mm.
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| 14. |
- Jacobsson Svärd, Staffan, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Tomografisk bestämning av termisk effekt i kärnbränslestavar - Förstudie
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar en förstudie av möjligheterna att med tomografisk mätning bestämma effektfördelningen i ett bränsleelement. Förstudien avses vara en första fas i en serie av tre, som, om utfallet successivt bedöms tillräckligt lovande, skall leda till en utprovad prototyp för tomografisk effektmätning.
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| 15. |
- Jansson, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Tomographic measurement of thermal power in nuclear fuel : Stage 1 - Final report
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the results obtained in the first stage of a three-stage project on “Tomographic measurement of thermal power in nuclear fuel”, carried out at Uppsala University and funded via the Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology, KTC. The goal of the three-stage project is to build a tomographic device and use it for non-destructive measurement of the pin-wise thermal power in nuclear fuel assemblies at a Swedish nuclear power plant.Covered in the report are descriptions of the algorithms and software for tomographic reconstruction developed for the purpose, results of sensitivity studies for geometric uncertainties, tests of detector systems in a laboratory environment as well as on nuclear fuel at a reactor site, descriptions of a laboratory mock-up intended to be used in the second step of the project and estimations of the achievable uncertainty in measured relative pin-wise power using the suggested methods.
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