| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Carl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Xylosylated naphthoic acid-amino acid conjugates for investigation of glycosaminoglycan priming.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 343:9, s. 1473-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different series of xylosylated naphthoic acid-amino acid conjugates containing one or two amino acid residues were synthesized for the investigation of glycosaminoglycan priming and potential use as anti-tumor drugs. All xylosylated naphthoic acid-conjugates inhibited the growth of normal lung fibroblasts to some extent, whereas the growth of tumor derived T24 carcinoma cells was not affected. There was no correlation between amino acid conjugation, retention time and the antiproliferative activity. Only one compound initiated the priming of glycosaminoglycans. Modification of the naphthalene ring with one or two amino acid residues did not have any effect on proteoglycan biosynthesis or glycosaminoglycan priming in T24 carcinoma cells.
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| 2. |
- Aili, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Antiproliferative effects of peracetylated naphthoxylosides.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X. ; 19, s. 1763-1766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiproliferative activity, and the capability of priming of glycosaminoglycan chains, of two series of peracetylated mono- and bis-xylosylated dihydroxynaphthalenes have been investigated for normal HFL-1 cells, as well as transformed T24 cells, and compared to the unprotected analogs. Our data show increased antiproliferative activity upon peracetylation, but a loss of selectivity towards T24 cells.
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| 3. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remain similar in two cohorts of patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis seen in 1978 and 1995 in Malmo, Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Rheumatology (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 48, s. 1600-1605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Patients with RA have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Management of RA has changed substantially over time. Our aim was to evaluate changes in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality over the period of 1978-2002. Methods. Two cohorts of consecutive patients with RA seen at outpatient clinics in Malmö, Sweden, were started in 1978 (n = 148) and 1995 (n = 161) and compared with the corresponding background population. Patients were followed for 8 years, and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular first events were identified using two national registers, hospital discharge and cause of death. Standardized morbidity ratio (SMoR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR), adjusted for age and sex were calculated. Results. Sex distribution, age at disease onset and disease duration were similar in both groups. The 1995 cohort was more extensively treated with DMARDs and had less disease activity and disability. Total cardiovascular morbidity was increased in the 1978 cohort (SMoR 158; 95% CI 111, 225) as well as in the 1995 cohort (SMoR 168; 95% CI 118, 232). This was mainly due to an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Overall mortality was elevated in the 1978 cohort but not in the 1995 cohort. There was no change in cardiovascular excess mortality (SMR 175; 95% CI 100, 284; and 172; 100, 276 for the two cohorts, respectively). Conclusions. There were similar elevations in the incidence of cardiovascular comorbidity in RA patients, identified two decades apart compared with the general population, in spite of more extensive treatment and reduced disease severity in the more recent cohort.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ellervik, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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2-Bromoethyl glycosides for synthesis of glycoconjugates on solid support
- 2005
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020. ; 61:9, s. 2421-2429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2-Bromoethyl glycosides can easily and in high yields be transformed into sulfones by treatment with a suitable thiol followed by oxidation with mCPBA. The observation that the so formed sulfones were cleaved by treatment with NaOMe/MeOH was used to design a new safety catch linker for synthesis of glycoconjugates on solid support. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A., et al.
(författare)
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Major gender difference in association of FTO gene variant among severely obese children with obesity and obesity related phenotypes.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 368:3, s. 476-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have shown that SNPs in the FTO gene predispose to childhood and adult obesity. In this study, we examined the association between variants in FTO and KIAA1005, a gene that maps closely to FTO, and obesity, as well as obesity related traits among 450 well characterised severely obese children and 512 normal weight controls. FTO showed significant association with several obesity related traits while SNPs in KIAA1005 did not. When stratified by gender, the FTO variant rs9939609 showed association with obesity and BMI among girls (P=0.006 and 0.004, respectively) but not among boys. Gender differences were also found in the associations of the FTO rs9939609 with obesity related traits such as insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose. This study suggests that FTO may have an important role for gender specific development of severe obesity and insulin resistance in children.
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| 7. |
- Jacobsson, J. A., et al.
(författare)
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Novel genetic variant in FTO influences insulin levels and insulin resistance in severely obese children and adolescents.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 32:11, s. 1730-1735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND The global prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing rapidly among adults as well as among children and adolescents. Recent genome-wide association studies have provided strong support for association between variants in the FTO gene and obesity. We sequenced regions of the FTO gene to identify novel variants that are associated with obesity and related metabolic traits. RESULTS We screened exons 3 and 4 including exon-intron boundaries in FTO in 48 obese children and adolescents and identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphism in the fourth intronic region, (c.896+37A>G, c.896+117C>G and c.896+223A>G). We further genotyped c.896+223A>G in 962 subjects, 450 well-characterized obese children and adolescents and 512 adolescents with normal weight. Evidence for differences in genotype frequencies were not detected for the c.896+223A>G variant between extremely obese children and adolescents and normal weight adolescents (P=0.406, OR=1.154 (0.768-1.736)). Obese subjects with the GG genotype, however, had 30% increased fasting serum insulin levels (P=0.017) and increased degree of insulin resistance (P=0.025). There were in addition no differences in body mass index (BMI) or BMI standard deviation score (SDS) levels among the obese subjects according to genotype and the associations with insulin levels and insulin resistance remained significant when adjusting for BMI SDS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that this novel variant in FTO is affecting metabolic phenotypes such as insulin resistance, which are not mediated through differences in BMI levels.
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| 8. |
- Jacobsson, Josefin A, et al.
(författare)
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The common FTO variant rs9939609 is not associated with BMI in a longitudinal study on a cohort of Swedish men born 1920-1924
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 10:131, s. 131-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Common FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene variants have recently been strongly associated with body mass index and obesity in several large studies. Here we set out to examine the association of the FTO variant rs9939609 with BMI in a 32 year follow up study of men born 1920-1924. Moreover, we analyzed the effect of physical activity on the different genotypes. METHODS: The FTO rs9936609 was genotyped using an Illumina golden gate assay. BMI was calculated using standard methods and body fat was estimated by measuring skinfold thickness using a Harpenden caliper. Physical activity was assessed using a four question medical questionnaire. RESULTS: FTO rs9939609 was genotyped in 1153 elderly Swedish men taking part of a population-based cohort study, the ULSAM cohort. The risk of obesity and differences in BMI according to genotype at the ages of 50, 60, 70, 77 and 82 were investigated. We found no increased risk of obesity and no association with BMI at any age with the FTO rs9939609 variant. We found however interaction between physical activity at the age of 50 years and genotype on BMI levels (p = 0.039) and there was a clear trend towards larger BMI differences between the TT and AA carriers as well as between AT and AA carriers in the less physically active subjects. CONCLUSION: Here we found that the well established obesity risk allele for a common variant in FTO does not associate with increased BMI levels in a Swedish population of adult men which reached adulthood before the appearance of today's obesogenic enviroment. There is an interaction between physical activity and the effect of the FTO genotype on BMI levels suggesting that lack of physical activity is a requirement for an association of FTO gene variants to obesity.
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| 9. |
- Jacobsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Rheumatoid arthritis: what does it cost and what factors are driving those costs? Results of a survey in a community-derived population in Malmo, Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 36:3, s. 179-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We sought to investigate the cost of living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and evaluate the influence of both demographics and specific disease characteristics on these costs. Methods: We used a population-based questionnaire to survey 895 patients living in the city of Malmo, Sweden, during 2002. Data were obtained on direct resource consumption, investments, informal care and work capacity, as well as utility, function and patients' assessment of disease severity and pain. Results: The survey was completed by 613 patients (68%). Their mean age was 66 years, 74% were female and the mean duration of disease was 16.7 years. The total mean annual cost per patient was 108 370 SEK (12 020 EUR). Direct costs represented 41% of that amount and were predominantly for drugs [141% of the participants were receiving treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers], community services and hospitalisation. Function measured with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was the main statistical predictor for all types of costs except sick leave, which was most strongly associated with patients' perception of global health. Conclusion: This is the first study in Sweden to include all costs incurred by a group representative of RA in the community. In comparison with previous studies, total costs had increased by more than 40%. Furthermore, direct costs were higher and constituted a great proportion of total costs because of more intensive treatments (i.e. the use of TNF blockers). Future comparisons will enable health economic evaluations on a community level.
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| 10. |
- Jacobsson, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Acid-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of a Multistep Mechanism.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemistry: A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 1521-3765 .- 0947-6539. ; 14:13, s. 3954-3960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism for the acid-mediated substitution of a phenolic hydroxyl group with a sulfur nucleophile has been investigated by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. We conclude that the mechanism is distinctively different in nonpolar solvents (i.e., toluene) compared with polar solvents. The cationic mechanism, proposed for the reaction in polar solvents, is not feasible and the reaction instead proceeds through a multistep mechanism in which the acid (pTsOH) mediates the proton shuffling. From DFT calculations, we found a rate-determining transition state with protonation of the hydroxyl group to generate free water and a tight ion pair between a cationic protonated naphthalene species and a tosylate anion. Kinetic experiments support this mechanism and show that, at moderate concentrations, the reaction is first order with respect to 2-naphthol, n-propanethiol, and p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTsOH). Experimentally determined activation parameters are similar to the calculated values (DeltaH(exp) ( not equal)=105+/-9, DeltaH(calcd) ( not equal)=118 kJ mol(-1); DeltaG(exp) ( not equal)=112+/-18, DeltaG(calcd) ( not equal)=142 kJ mol(-1)).
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| 11. |
- Jacobsson, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Aromatic O-glycosylation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-426X .- 0008-6215. ; 341:10, s. 1266-1281
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbohydrates carrying an aromatic aglycon are important natural products and thus key synthetic targets. However, due to the electron-withdrawing properties of aromatic rings, phenols are difficult to glycosylate. This review covers the most common carbohydrate donors used for aromatic O-glycosylation (anomeric acetates, halides, trichloroacetimidates and thioglycosides) as well as some less common donors. The scope of the review is to give practical examples of aromatic O-glycosylations and to offer guidelines for glycosylation of typical aromatic residues. Anomeric acetates or trichloroacetimidates, activated under acidic conditions, are preferred for electron rich aromatic aglycons, while glycosyl halides, activated using basic conditions, are preferred for electron deficient aromatic residues. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Jacobsson, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of oxygen-sulfur substitution on glycosaminoglycan-priming naphthoxylosides.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896. ; 15:15, s. 5283-5299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three series of sulfur-containing analogs to the selectively antiproliferative 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl) β-d-xylopyranoside were synthesized and their biological properties investigated. A short, general route to hydroxynaphthyl disulfides from dihydroxynaphthalenes was developed to utilize the disulfide bond as a sulfur-selective protecting group to enable the orthogonal protection of hydroxyls and thiols. The results indicate that hydrophobic, uncharged oxygen–sulfur substituted naphthoxylosides are taken up by cells and initiate priming of GAG chains to a greater extent compared to the oxygen analogs. No correlation between priming ability and antiproliferative activity was observed.
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| 13. |
- Jacobsson, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Selective antiproliferative activity of hydroxynaphthyl-beta-D-xylosides
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4804 .- 0022-2623. ; 49:6, s. 1932-1938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiproliferative activity of the 14 isomeric monoxylosylated dihydroxynaphthalenes has been tested in vitro toward normal HFL-1 and 3T3 A31 cells as well as transformed T24 and 3T3 SV40 cells. The antiproliferative effect toward HFL-1 cells was correlated with the polarity of the compounds. However, in the case of transformed T24 cells, some compounds showed a clearly different behavior resulting in a selective antiproliferative effect. No such correlation was found for normal 3T3 A31 or virus transformed 3T3 SV40 cells, nor for the free aglycon. These results suggest that the antiproliferative activity shown by naphthoxylosides is diverse in different cell lines and dependent on the nature of the aglycon. The anti proliferative effect of 2- (6-hydroxynaphthyl)-beta-D-xylopyranoside, in contrast to inactive 2-naphthyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside, on T24 cells was accompanied by increased apoptosis as indicated by a TUNEL assay.
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| 14. |
- Jacobsson, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Xylose as a carrier for boron containing compounds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 18:7, s. 2451-2454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A xylosylated carborane was synthesized by standard carbohydrate methodology and tested on normal HFL-1 cells as well as transformed T24 cells. The xylosylated carborane initiated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in both cell lines and treatment with the carborane gave a pronounced translocation of proteoglycans to the nuclei of T24 cells. However, most of the boron-containing compounds were secreted to the medium. We conclude that xylosides carrying carboranes are not suitable for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for T24 cells. However, the uptake of boron-containing xyloside, the GAG priming capacity, and the nuclear translocation of glypican-1 make this xyloside a candidate for further investigation for selectivity toward other tumor cell lines.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Jon, Sundh, 1978-
(författare)
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On wear transitions in the wheel-rail contact
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wear transitions in the wheel–rail contact are of increasing interest since the general trend in railway traffic is toward increased velocities and axle loads. Curving increases the risk of flanging, causing the contact to change from an almost pure rolling wheel tread–rail head contact to more of a sliding wheel flange–rail gauge contact on the high rail in curves. Under wheel flange–rail gauge contact conditions, wear transitions to severe or catastrophic wear will occur if the contact is improperly lubricated. Such a transition is the most undesirable transition in the wheel–rail contact, as it represents a very expensive operating condition for railway companies. The contact conditions responsible for this transition are very severe as regards sliding velocity and contact pressure, and thus place high demands on both the lubricant and the wheel and rail materials. The focus of this thesis is on the transitions between different wear regimes in a wheel–rail contact. Wear is discussed both in traditional tribological terms and in terms of the categories used in the railway business, namely mild, severe and catastrophic wear. Most of the work was experimental and was performed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Machine Design. The effects of contact pressure, sliding velocity, and type of lubricant have been investigated, producing results that resemble those of other studies presented in the literature. The absence of research relating to the wheel flange–rail gauge contact is addressed, and it is concluded that a lubricant film must be present on rails in curves to prevent severe or catastrophic wear. The formulation of this lubricant can further increase its wear- and seizure-preventing properties. To obtain a deeper understanding of wear transitions, methods such as airborne particle measurement and electron microscopy have been used. Paper A presents the test methodology used to detect seizure and discusses the wear-reducing influence of free carbon in highly loaded contacts. Paper B presents the testing of seizure-initiating conditions for a range of environmentally adapted lubricants applied to wheel and rail materials; a transient pin-on-disc test methodology was used for the testing. Paper C presents the use of pin-on-disc methodology to study the wear-reducing effects of a wide range of lubricants. The best performing lubricant was a mineral oil containing EP and AW additives. Paper D relates wear rates and transitions to airborne particles generated by an experimentally simulated wheel–rail contact. The airborne particles generated varied in size distribution and amount with wear rate and mechanism. Paper E relates additional analysis techniques, such as FIB sectioning, ESCA analysis, airborne particle measurements, and SEM imaging of airborne wear particles, to the contact temperature.
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| 17. |
- Müller, Lennart, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasonography as predictor of permanent renal damage in infants with urinary tract infection.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:7, s. 1156-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the ability of ultrasound (US) in infants (<1 year) with acute urinary tract infection (UTI), to identify those with permanent renal damage (PRD) at scintigraphy 1 year later. METHODS: US, dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy and voiding cystourethrography were performed in 191 infants. RESULTS: US was abnormal in 46 infants (24%). PRD was found in 46 infants (24%); 19 of these had abnormal US (sensitivity 41%). In 145 infants without PRD, 27 had abnormal US (specificity 81%). Dilating reflux or verified obstruction occurred in 21 (11%) infants, of whom 18 (86%) had PRD while 28 of 170 (16%) without such diagnoses had PRD. Of 16 infants with dilating reflux, 9 (sensitivity 56%) had abnormal US and 14 (88%) PRD. Dilatation at US was seen in 27 children; 7 of these had dilating reflux and 5 verified obstruction. CONCLUSION: US performed in association with acute UTI had limited ability to identify children with PRD at (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) 1 year later, although abnormal renal size was a strong indicator of renal damage. The ability of US to identify children with dilating reflux was also limited. However, once detected at US, dilatation of the urinary tract was associated with dilating reflux or obstruction in half of the cases. Our study confirms that dilating reflux and obstruction are strong indicators of PRD but only half of those who developed PRD had such diagnoses.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Pikwer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Breast feeding, but not use of oral contraceptives, is associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 68:4, s. 526-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine whether breast feeding or the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) affects the future risk of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) in a community-based prospective cohort. Methods: A community-based health survey (18 326 women) was linked to regional and national registers, and incident cases of RA were identified. All women with a diagnosis of RA after inclusion in the health survey (n = 136) and four female controls for every case, who were alive and free from RA when the index person was given a diagnosis of RA, were included in a case-control study. Data on lifestyle factors at baseline were derived from a self-administered questionnaire. Potential predictors were examined in logistic regression models. Results: 136 women with incident RA were compared with 544 age-matched controls. A longer history of breast feeding was associated with a reduced risk of RA ( OR 0.46 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.91) for women who had breast fed for >= 13 months and OR 0.74 ( 95% CI 0.45 to 1.20) for those who had breast fed for 1-12 months, compared with those who had never breast fed). The protective effect of longer breast feeding remained significant after adjustment for smoking and level of education in multivariate models, and point estimates were protective also when the analyses were restricted to parous women. Neither parity nor OC use had any significant effect on the risk of RA. Conclusion: In this study, long-term breast feeding, but not OC use, was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of RA.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Sikström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Tillförsel av aska i skog på dikad torvmark i södra Sverige – effekter på skogsproduktion, flöden av växthusgaser, torvegenskaper, markvegetation och grundvattenkemi
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns flera sätt att använda den aska som produceras vid förbränning av skogsbränsle som alternativ till deponering. Ett sätt är att återföra askan till skogen. Förutom att utnyttja aska från skogsbränslen som kompensation för markförsurning och uttagen näring, finns det även en potential att öka skogsproduktionen på dikad torvmark. Det finns dock ett behov av ökade kunskaper om övriga miljöeffekter efter tillförsel av aska på dikad torvmark. Syftet med de här redovisade studierna var att undersöka effekten av asktillförsel på trädens tillväxt, flöden av växthusgaser, torvegenskaper, markvegetation och grundvattenkemi. Studierna utfördes i tre fältförsök (Perstorp, Anderstorp och Skogaryd) i Götaland. Samtliga variabler studerades dock inte i alla försök. Perstorp är en lågproduktiv torvmark som vid försöksstarten hade en plantskog av tall. Där studerades långtidseffekter i torven och på markvegetation 25–26 år efter att 2,5 ton t.s. aska per ha tillförts, troligen som lösaska. Det var stor skillnad i skogstillstånd mellan kontrollytor och askytor vid tidpunkten för dessa studier. Kontrollytorna var i stort sett oförändrade sedan försöksstarten avseende trädskiktet (1,7 m höga träd), medan askytorna hyste en ca 5,5 m hög tallungskog med ca dubbelt så högt stamantal. Anderstorp är en något bördigare lokal med tallskog än Perstorp. Skogaryd är en högproduktiv torvmark med granskog. I båda försöken tillfördes krossaskor i två doser, 3,3 och 6,6 ton t.s. aska per ha. Den lägre dosen kan betraktas som en hög kompensationsgiva alternativt en låg askgödslingsgiva, medan den högre kan ses som en möjlig praktisk askgödslingsgiva. Resultaten från dessa försök belyser effekter upp till fem respektive två år efter asktillförseln. Trädens grundytetillväxt i Anderstorp ökade signifikant efter tillförsel av 6,6 ton t.s. aska ha-1under den studerade femårsperioden. Det var ett förväntat resultat enligt tidigare erfarenheter. I Skogaryd kunde inga tillväxteffekter av asktillförseln påvisas efter två år. De uppmätta gasflödena upp till fem åren efter tillförsel av 3,3 och 6,6 ton t.s. krossaska per ha visade att emissionen av CO2 var oförändrad i Anderstorp. På den bördiga lokalen (Skogaryd) minskade emissionen av CO2. Emissionen av CH4 var oförändrad i båda försöken. Lustgasemissionerna i Anderstorp var knappt detekterbara, medan askan minskade emissionen i Skogaryd. Minskningen tycktes vara kopplad till ökat pH-värde i torven. Den mikrobiella biomassan minskade i de undersökta dränerade lågproduktiva torvmarkerna av en låg askgiva (ca 3 ton d.w. per ha), medan samhällsstrukturen var opåverkad. Asktillförseln minskade nettokvävemineraliseringen i dessa torvmarker. Inga påtagliga initiala förändringar av markvegetationen kunde påvisas efter asktillförseln. Vegetationsstrukturen ändrades på försökslokalen med lägst bördighet (Perstorp) och växtdiversiteten och täckningsgraden i fältskiktet minskade. Detta var troligen en effekt av det förändrade skogstillståndet p.g.a. asktillförseln. Resultaten från torvmarken med hög bördighet och granskog (Skogaryd) visade på en ökad diversitet i både fält- och bottenskikt samt en något ökad produktion i markvegetationen två år efter asktillförseln. Asktillförseln i Skogaryd gav mycket få påvisbara behandlingseffekter för de 43 uppmätta grundvattenkemiska variablerna. De höga bakgrundsnivåerna av bl.a. B, Ca, Mg och PO4-P bidrog sannolikt till detta. En slutsats är att tillförsel av 3–6 ton krossaska ha-1 på dikad torvmark inte bidrar till ökad GWP (”Global Warming Potential”), utan snarare till en minskning, under de fem första åren efter åtgärden. Det krävs mer långsiktiga uppföljningar i försöken för att se om de redovisade effekterna på GWP är bestående samt fördjupade studier för att förstå mekanismerna bakom de uppmätta minskade flödena av CO2 och N2O.
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| 22. |
- Ssemakula, H., et al.
(författare)
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Improving the grain size in the forging of large copper lids
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 172:2, s. 264-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forging of large copper lids for cylindrical canisters meant for nuclear waste is treated. Based on recent full-scale experiments, an alternative way of forming is proposed. In the experiments, a press offering just a low force, 20 MN, was available. Two-step hot forging was used: upsetting of an ingot between flat and parallel tools followed by cogging for filling a die cavity. The initial ingot measured diameter 350 min and 1400 mm in height buckled and made repeated straightening during the upsetting necessary. This forming procedure showed a poor material yield and resulted in a coarse-grained microstructure in the lids close to the final midpoint contact surfaces. From a 2D FE-analysis it became clear that this structure is associated with the formation of dead metal regions. Coarse grains are not acceptable from mechanical and corrosion point of view and make ultrasonic testing unreliable. Thus, the present work is mainly focussed on improving the structure by presenting an alternative way of manufacturing, which at the same time is faster. The flat dies used in upsetting were furnished with a central protruding part of spherical shape and the cavity filling by cogging was replaced by ordinary closed-die forging. In this way large strains were obtained in the critical, low-strained regions. The modified two-step forging was simulated for different radii of the spheres, keeping their penetration depth constant. The tools designed for the closed-die forging should, according to the FE-analysis, fill the cavity with a moderate force and an acceptable material yield. According to an earlier investigation by the authors the here proposed way of forming should ensure a fine microstructure throughout the whole volume of the lids.
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| 23. |
- Stenström, Ulf, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Psychological Factors in the Maintenance of Oral Health: A Study of Swedish University Students
- 2009
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Ingår i: Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry. - : Quintessence publishing. - 1602-1622 .- 1757-9996. ; 7:3, s. 225-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the traditional multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scale, a corresponding dental health locus of control (DHLC) scale and dental health values (DHVs) regarding students' dental health before and after a video programme that presented information about dental diseases and instructions on oral hygiene. Materials and Methods: A group of 217 university students participated in this study Before the video programme was presented, assessments were made of MHLC, DHLC and DHVs Plaque and gingival indices were obtained in a clinical examination conducted before (plaque index [PLI] 1 and gingival index [GI] 1) and 10 weeks after (PLI 2 and GI 2) the presentation of the programme. Results: The percentage of tooth surfaces exhibiting plaque and of sites involving gingivitis decreased and was statistically significant between baseline and re-examination for both males and females. The females exhibited statistically significant better PLI 1 and GI 1 values and stronger DHVs than males Also, better GI 1 values were found to be statistically significant and related to stronger DHVs for females. A stronger trust in the dental health personnel regarding the dental health was related to more gingivitis at the initial examination (GI 1). For males, stronger internal DHLC was related to more plaque at the final examination (PLI 2). Conclusion: The only psychological scales that showed some relationship to the measures of dental health were DHLC and DHVs Gender was the strongest related variable to dental health.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Vifell, Åsa
(författare)
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Enklaver i staten : Internationalisering, demokrati och den svenska statsförvaltningen
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis has two purposes. The first is to understand the organizational forms of the public administration when it participates in international rule making processes. The second purpose investigates democratic implications of internationalization of the Swedish state administration. A theoretical framework, combining theories of governance with ideas on resource dependence and a neo-institutional approach, is applied to three empirical cases. The cases follow decision making processes within the European Employment Strategy, The Kyoto Protocol for reduction of green house gasses and negotiations on trade facilitation within the WTO. The studied processes can be described as complex and fragmented, containing multiple types of actors and parallel arenas, complex technical material and bureaucratic processes. They were also characterised by the fact that policy was created throughout the course of the processes. They also seemed to lack an ending and were to a high degree bound by their history. The administrations’ response resulted in an organisational form that is theoretically developed in the study – enclaves. Enclaves contain members from different organizations, both private and state organizations and the work within them is carried out in an informal and interactive way. They are de-coupled units with stable membership that is related to positions in the hierarchy. As opposed to networks, enclaves are not self-organizing but the membership is mainly controlled by state-actors. The second aim of the study is carried out through a number of indicators derived from the deliberative and the representative models of democracy. The blurring of responsibilities, the lack of transparency and the barriers for entrance into the enclaves made the organisational forms of the administration seem problematic in relation to the representative model. However other features of the enclaves seemed to support a more communicative logic of action, leaving the deliberative model more promising as a way of understanding the administrations’ work as democratically legitimate. Still, the analysis showed that the deliberative model also faced some challenges in terms of lack of openness and inclusion of all relevant stake holders.
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| 26. |
- Wassélius, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High 18F-FDG Uptake in synthetic aortic vascular grafts on PET/CT in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 49:10, s. 1601-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graft infection is a serious complication to vascular surgery. The aim of this study was to assess (18)F-FDG uptake in vascular grafts in patients with or without symptoms of graft infection. METHODS: In all 2,045 patients examined by PET/CT at our clinic, 16 patients with synthetic aortic grafts were identified and reevaluated for (18)F-FDG accumulation. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from patient records. RESULTS: High (18)F-FDG uptake was found in 10 of 12 grafts in the patients who underwent open surgery and in 1 of 4 grafts in patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair. On the basis of biochemical and clinical data, it was concluded that 1 of the 16 patients had a graft infection at the time of investigation. CONCLUSION: (18)F-FDG uptake in vascular grafts was found in the vast majority of patients without graft infection. The risk of a false-positive diagnosis of graft infection by (18)F-FDG PET/CT is evident.
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