| 1. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Aesthetic design process: Descriptive design research and ways forward
- 2015
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer response to designed products has a profound effect on how products are interpreted, approached and used. Product design is crucial in determining this consumer response. Research in this field has been centered on studying the relationship between product features and subjective responses of users and consumers to those features. The subject of aesthetic or styling design process has been relatively neglected despite the important role of this process in fulfilling intended consumer response through product design. In this paper, we present a review of descriptive design research on aesthetic design process, and highlight limitations of this research. We also suggest opportunities for further descriptive research on the subject of aesthetic design process.
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| 2. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design for the BOP and the TOP: Requirements handling behaviour of designers
- 2015
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 375-385
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the people living in poverty and the people from developed countries, respectively. In the approach of business development combined with poverty alleviation, the design of products for the BOP plays an important role. There is an urgent need to develop an understanding of the process of designing products for the BOP. Requirements handling is an important ingredient of a design process. This research, using a protocol study, examined the differences between the requirements handling behaviour of designers when they design a product for the BOP and TOP markets. We found differences between their requirements handling behaviour in terms of their attention to different topics of requirements, and their handling of solution-specific and solution-neutral requirements.
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| 3. |
- Aranda-Jan, Clara B., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a framework for holistic contextual design for low-resource settings
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design. - 1991-3761. ; 10:3, s. 43-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare inequality is ubiquitous globally, but the effects are most striking in low-resource settings. In these settings, current methods for the design of medical devices are failing to address specific needs. The associated publications rarely describe how the context was studied at the front-end of design. There is a latent need for a holistic contextual framework for guiding the design decision-making process for devices in these complex contexts. We present results from a systematic literature review and expert interviews that informed the development of a framework for contextualized design for low-resource settings. The contextual factors identified are described and compared for different types of medical devices. This taxonomical framework aims to guide designers towards gaining a better understanding of the context of use when designing products for global challenges in low-resource settings.
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| 4. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to materials in Product Design education : A shift from technical properties towards sensorial characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alive. Active. Adaptive : International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017 - International Conference on Experiential Knowledge and Emerging Materials, EKSIG 2017. - : TU Delft Open. - 9788790775902 ; , s. 182-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates a new pedagogic approach implemented in material courses for product design students at bachelor level education. Material education within the field of design education at technical faculties has, in general, a strong technical focus, e.g. selecting materials with predominant focus on engineering properties of materials. Product design education at a bachelor level need to offer material courses that prepares the design students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes. Early in the design education, students often have a preconception of materials, and they need to be introduced to an open-minded inspirational material selection process, based on scientific design methods. When developing a new curriculum for the material courses, it is important to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how materials can be approached in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aids the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, we selected some methods, guidelines and tools to integrate in the mandatory material courses for the product design students e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas, Meaning Driven Materials Selection and the Material Driven Design method. The implementation were made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. This study only reports the first step of implementation since the second step is under development and will be implemented during autumn 2017.
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| 5. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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A Shift From Technical Properties Towards Sensorial Characteristics in Product Design Education
- 2017
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Ingår i: Building Community, Design Education for a Sustainable Future. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&pde17). - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670841 ; , s. 388-393
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate a new pedagogic approach implemented in a compulsory materials course for product design students at bachelors level at Malmö University. When developing a new curriculum for the material course, a decision was made to teach materials and production methods in a contextualized setting with emphasis on how students can deal with materials in a design process. Methods can be seen as mental tools that aid the design students in navigating complexity and offers them a structure to deal with unfamiliar territories. After an evaluation, some methods, guidelines and tools were selected to integrate in the compulsory materials course for the product design students, e.g. the Expressive-Sensorial Atlas [1], Meaning Driven Materials Selection [2] and the Material Driven Design method [3]. The implementation is made in two steps in order to test, evaluate and further develop a framework for teaching materials courses to product design students. The study evaluate the first step of implementation in general, and the implementation of the Material Driven Design method in particular. It is hoped that this research can contribute to further development of pedagogical approaches for teaching materials and production methods in a contextualized setting for product design students at bachelors level.
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| 6. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Material selection - A qualitative case study of five design consultancies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - : The Design Society. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 439-448, s. 439-448, s. 439-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative case study aims at understanding when and how industrial designers, working in design consultancies, engage in activities that will influence material selection in the design process. While the extant literature presents material selection processes as a sequence of activities aimed at finding candidate materials, there is paucity of research on material criteria activities. Formulating material criteria is an activity that is performed during all design phases and they become clearer and more complete throughout the project. For the case studies, explorative semi-structured interviews were conducted with five industrial designers with 10 years of work experience or more. The results suggest (a) that risk management has a major influence on the material selection process, (b) that negotiations of project boundaries in the 'fuzzy' pre-design phase has crucial influence on the risk management aspect of the material criteria activities, and (c) a lack of awareness that design briefs usually outline material criteria expressed as sensorial characteristics, which are later translated by engineering into final material criteria used for the material selection process.
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| 7. |
- Asbjørn Sörensen, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Material Selection in Industrial Design Education - a Literature Review
- 2016
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Ingår i: Design Education: Collaboration and Cross-Disciplinarity, Aalborg, Denmark, 8th-9th September 2016;DS 83: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE16). - : The Design Society. ; , s. 708-713
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level [1]-[3]. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. This paper suggests an approach that prepares the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 8. |
- ASBJØRN SÖRENSEN, CHARLOTTE, et al.
(författare)
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Material Selection in Industrial Design Education : A literature review
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education : Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity - Design education: Collaboration & Cross-disciplinarity. - : Institution of Engineering Designers. - 9781904670773 ; , s. 111-111, s. 708-713
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature on the aspects of material selection within the field of industrial design education, specifically focusing on existing material selection tools and guidelines used in industrial design education. The growing number of materials available today has created a large variety of options for industrial designers, which they are ill-equipped to handle. A key reason behind this is that industrial designers lack appropriate education in material selection. There is a large body of research in the field of mechanical engineering, examining the material selection process of mechanical engineers. There are differences in material selection activities of mechanical engineers and industrial designers, based on their information requirements during different stages of the design process. Recent research highlights a need to merge the perspectives of engineering and industrial design for teaching the subject of material selection in industrial design education at tertiary level. Industrial designers have unique skills to combine technical properties and intangible characteristics of materials in the product development process. Design students need to learn how to act as ambassadors of the intangible material characteristics in material selection processes in interdisciplinary teams. Industrial design needs to reclaim material education when taught in technical faculties and develop its own curriculum. An open-minded dialogue with the engineering colleagues is a prerequisite in developing a curriculum for material courses in design education at a technical faculty. Together designers and engineers need to define a mutual understanding of concepts and contexts to successfully develop a new curriculum. This paper suggests an approach that prepare the students to work both on inspirational and analytical levels in material selection processes.
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| 9. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Frugal Innovations : Three roles of resource-poor people
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Design Conference. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 2657-2668
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is imperative to satisfy needs of people in resource-limited societies. Many design studies have been carried out in the context of such societies in developing countries, and are discussed under names such as humanitarian engineering, frugal innovations, appropriate technology, design at the Base of the Pyramid, design for development, etc. In this paper, we review a wide range of literature, with close analysis of 30 design studies in this field to understand how marginalised people were engaged and positioned in those studies and to plan for future research in this field.
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| 10. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Design and Poverty : A Review of Contexts, Roles of Poor People, and Methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Research in Engineering Design. - : Springer. - 0934-9839 .- 1435-6066. ; 30:1, s. 41-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design is essential to fulfil unmet or under-served needs of resource-poor societies, supporting their social and human development. A great deal of design research has been undertaken in such low resource settings, and is discussed under different names, such as ‘community development engineering’, ‘humanitarian engineering’, ‘appropriate technology’, ‘design for development’, ‘design at the Base of the Pyramid’, etc. This has created an important need to know what has been examined and learnt so far and to plan for further investigation. To address this, we review a broad range of literature, with close examination of 30 design studies in this field. This reveals a multifaceted picture, showing a great diversity in investigation and reporting of attributes of context (income, rural and urban, design sectors, countries, and gender), the roles of poor people (consumers, producers, and co-designers), characteristics of research methods employed (e.g. descriptive and prescriptive, data collection methods, qualitative and quantitative aspects, and unit of analysis), and design topics. Based on the review results, we offer recommendations for further research, identifying concerns that researchers ought to have about this field and suggesting ways in which research in this field can be undertaken and reported.
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| 11. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Design creativity : refined method for novelty assessment
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2165-0349 .- 2165-0357. ; 7:1-2, s. 99-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novelty is an important characteristic of a creative idea, forming a core component of creativity. Measurement of novelty is therefore essential to assess creativity. We found deficiencies in a frequently cited method of novelty assessment found in the literature. We refine this method by proposing four modifications, supported by drawing on examples of products and ideas. The refined method and the original method are evaluated by benchmarking them against the collective, intuitive assessment of product novelty by experienced designers. The overall achievement of the refined method as presented in this paper is its contribution to a better assessment of product novelty.
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| 12. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Design for resource-limited societies : Informational behaviour of designers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 21-30, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a sharp contrast between High Resource Settings (HRSs), commonly seen in developed countries and Low Resource Settings (LRSs), typically found in the marginalised sections of societies around the world. Product design for LRSs is crucial to satisfy unmet or under-served needs of the people living in LRSs. Supporting designers to develop successful products for LRSs demands developing an in-depth understanding of their design process, including their informational behaviour. In this research, using think aloud protocol analysis, we compared the designers' informational behaviour in designing products for LRSs and HRSs, where HRSs is considered a baseline. The findings indicate that designing products for LRSs is more information intensive, and that it influences the informational activities of designers, thus indicating potential impact of a resource-setting on the way designers deal with information.
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| 13. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Intentions and Inspiration in Shaping Visual Appearance of Products : The Practice of Professional Industrial Designers in India
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Design Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1460-6925 .- 1756-3062. ; 21:1, s. 85-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eliciting specific intentions and seeking inspiration are important activities in the process of shaping a product’s visual appearance. A survey of the professional industrial designers was conducted to identify intentions (e.g. attributes, emotions) that they attempt to elicit, and also to identify inspiration sources and their media that they prefer not only in generating ideas to realise intentions but also in analysing and communicating intentions. The findings indicate that the designers frequently intend to elicit some specific attributes and emotions. Regarding inspiration sources and media, commonalities as well as differences were observed in the activities - analysing intentions, communicating intentions, and generating ideas to realise intentions.
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| 14. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Interdependency between average novelty, individual average novelty, and variety
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2165-0357 .- 2165-0349. ; 3:1, s. 43-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idea generation is an important part of the engineering design process, and therefore significant research efforts have focused on developing methods to support designers in generating ideas. A key factor is the measurement of ideation effectiveness. The effectiveness of idea generation methods can be measured using metrics such as novelty, variety, quantity, and quality. Average novelty (AN) of a set of ideas is also used as one of the ideation metrics. However, the interdependency between AN and variety has been given little attention. An investigation of the interdependency between these metrics is important to enhance our understanding of the metrics of ideation, and thereby to develop methods for improving ideation effectiveness. This article examines the interdependency between AN and variety. In addition, the metric ‘individual average novelty (IAN)’ has been introduced, and the interdependency between ‘IAN’ and variety has been investigated.
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| 15. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Key guidelines for designing integrated solutions to support development of marginalised societies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 219, s. 148-165
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marginalised societies face a wide range of deprivations and constraints at individual, institutional, economic, and technological levels. To satisfy unmet or underserved needs of poor people living in these societies, it is essential to address all the relevant constraints in the target context through the design of integrated solutions. Many studies have explored the design of integrated solutions for these societies using approaches and concepts such as holistic design for low-resource settings, Base of the Pyramid, product service systems, subsistence marketplaces, etc. We perform a systematic review of a broad range of literature on integrated design solutions for marginalised societies, gleaning ten guidelines to support design practice in this field. The derived guidelines cover different phases of the design process and life cycle stages of the solution. Each guideline is supported by findings of several studies. We have also included a detailed, illustrative example for each guideline. Additionally, the review allowed us to offer recommendations for how to use each of the ten guidelines. Finally, we discuss the guidelines relating them to constraints in marginalised societies and unfamiliarity of practitioners about these societies. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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| 16. |
- Jagtap, Santosh, et al.
(författare)
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Resource-Limited Societies, Integrated Design Solutions, and Stakeholder Input
- 2019
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Ingår i: She Ji. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8726. ; 5:4, s. 285-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poverty is a multidimensional issue, characterized by deprivations and constraints at the individual, institutional, economic, and technological level. To satisfy the unmet or underserved needs of people living in poverty, the relevant constraints in the target context must be addressed via integrated design solutions. Although previous studies in this field show that designing integrated solutions requires input from multiple stakeholders, there is a lack of relevant research examining the nature of this input. To address this, using a case study methodology, we analyzed three design projects that have successfully responded to the pertinent constraints within each context by supporting social and human development among its marginalized populations. Based on our findings, we designed a stakeholder input framework categorizing a diverse range of stakeholder perspectives—both inside and outside the context of poverty—that can contribute towards integrated solutions design. The findings and resulting stakeholder input framework can help designers gain a deeper appreciation of the constraints faced by marginalized societies, and how design input from various stakeholders can be mobilized to overcome these constraints and create value for resource-poor people.
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| 17. |
- Jagtap, Santosh
(författare)
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Shaping products : Differences between expert and novice industrial designers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Design Conference, DESIGN. - : The Design Society. - 9789537738594 ; , s. 2229-2240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The process of shaping a product's visual appearance is crucial in determining consumer response. However, extant research on the nature of expertise in this process is scarce. Specifically, there is absence of studies investigating differences between how expert and novice industrial designers use information in this process. This research, using think aloud method, compared informational behaviour of an expert and a novice industrial designer in shaping products. We report rich qualitative accounts of their informational behaviour, revealing a sharp contrast between them.
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