| 1. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 2. |
- Martens, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Remobilization of Old Permafrost Carbon to Chukchi Sea Sediments During the End of the Last Deglaciation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 33:1, s. 2-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF-C) by thaw-erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF-C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF-C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (Delta C-14, delta C-13, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Allerod warm period starting at 13,000 cal years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000 cal years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650 years BP until present. Dual-carbon-isotope-based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit-ice- and carbon-rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)-was the dominant source of organic carbon (66 +/- 8%; mean +/- standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0 +/- 4.6 g.m(-2).year(-1)) as in the late Holocene (3.1 +/- 1.0 g.m(-2).year(-1)). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF-C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF-C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF-C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.
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| 3. |
- Stokes, Chris R., et al.
(författare)
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On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets : Recent advances and future challenges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 125, s. 15-49
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding mechanisms of global climate change and associated sea-level fluctuations in the past, present and future. The significance of palaeo-ice sheets is further underlined by the broad range of disciplines concerned with reconstructing their behaviour, many of which have undergone a rapid expansion since the 1980s. In particular, there has been a major increase in the size and qualitative diversity of empirical data used to reconstruct and date ice sheets, and major improvements in our ability to simulate their dynamics in numerical ice sheet models. These developments have made it increasingly necessary to forge interdisciplinary links between sub-disciplines and to link numerical modelling with observations and dating of proxy records. The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent developments in the methods used to reconstruct ice sheets and outline some key challenges that remain, with an emphasis on how future work might integrate terrestrial and marine evidence together with numerical modelling. Our focus is on pan-ice sheet reconstructions of the last deglaciation, but regional case studies are used to illustrate methodological achievements, challenges and opportunities. Whilst various disciplines have made important progress in our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics, it is clear that data-model integration remains under-used, and that uncertainties remain poorly quantified in both empirically-based and numerical ice-Sheet reconstructions. The representation of past climate will continue to be the largest source of uncertainty for numerical modelling. As such, palaeo-observations are critical to constrain and validate modelling. State-of-the-art numerical models will continue to improve both in model resolution and in the breadth of inclusion of relevant processes, thereby enabling more accurate and more direct comparison with the increasing range of palaeo-observations. Thus, the capability is developing to use all relevant palaeo-records to more strongly constrain deglacial (and to a lesser extent pre-LGM) ice sheet evolution. In working towards that goal, the accurate representation of uncertainties is required for both constraint data and model outputs. Close cooperation between modelling and data-gathering communities is essential to ensure this capability is realised and continues to progress.
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| 4. |
- Wölfl, Anne-Cathrin, et al.
(författare)
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Seafloor Mapping - The Challenge of a Truly Global Ocean Bathymetry
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed knowledge of the shape of the seafloor is crucial to humankind. Bathymetry data is critical for safety of navigation and is used for many other applications. In an era of ongoing environmental degradation worldwide, bathymetry data (and the knowledge derived from it) play a pivotal role in using and managing the world's oceans in a way that is in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 - conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. However, the vast majority of our oceans is still virtually unmapped, unobserved, and unexplored. Only a small fraction of the seafloor has been systematically mapped by direct measurement. The remaining bathymetry is predicted from satellite altimeter data, providing only an approximate estimation of the shape of the seafloor. Several global and regional initiatives are underway to change this situation. This paper presents a selection of these initiatives as best practice examples for bathymetry data collection, compilation and open data sharing as well as the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO (The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans) Seabed 2030 Project that complements and leverages these initiatives and promotes international collaboration and partnership. Several non-traditional data collection opportunities are looked at that are currently gaining momentum as well as new and innovative technologies that can increase the efficiency of collecting bathymetric data. Finally, recommendations are given toward a possible way forward into the future of seafloor mapping and toward achieving the goal of a truly global ocean bathymetry.
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| 5. |
- Alexandridis, Vasileios, et al.
(författare)
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Adjustable mini-sling compared with conventional mid-urethral slings in women with urinary incontinence : a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Urogynecology Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-3462 .- 1433-3023. ; 30:9, s. 1465-1473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and hypothesis: The aim of this study was to compare the long-term subjective outcomes of an adjustable single-incision sling (Ajust®) vs standard mid-urethral slings (SMUS) for the treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence. Methods: This study was designed as a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Women under 60 years old with objectively verified stress urinary incontinence were included from seven centers in three countries. Women with mixed urinary incontinence were also included. Randomization was held in blocks for operation with either Ajust® or SMUS. Women analyzed at 1-year follow-up received the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder, Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence/Sexual Function Questionnaire-12, Patient Global Impression of Severity, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement questionnaires, together with a bladder diary to fill out at least 3 years after the procedure. The main outcome evaluated was the subjective cure rate as reported through the ICIQ-UI-SF questionnaire at 3 years. Results: In total, 205 women participated in the 3-year follow-up: 107 in the Ajust® and 98 in the SMUS group. No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding subjective cure rate (50.9% vs 51.5%, p = 0.909) or dyspareunia. Both groups demonstrated similar postoperative perception of improvement in addition to reduced urgency and urge urinary incontinence. The postoperative improvement remained at the same level after 3 years as it was at 1-year follow-up for both Ajust® and SMUS. Conclusions: Ajust® appears to be equally effective and safe as SMUS with regard to long-term follow-up of patient-reported outcomes.
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| 6. |
- An, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Bathymetry of Southeast Greenland From Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) Data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 46:11, s. 197-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Southeast Greenland has been a major participant in the ice sheet mass loss over the last several decades. Interpreting the evolution of glacier fronts requires information about their depth below sea level and ocean thermal forcing, which are incompletely known in the region. Here, we combine airborne gravity and multibeam echo sounding data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission with ocean probe and fishing boat depth data to reconstruct the bathymetry extending from the glacier margins to the edges of the continental shelf. We perform a three-dimensional inversion of the gravity data over water and merge the solution with a mass conservation reconstruction of bed topography over land. In contrast with other parts of Greenland, we find few deep troughs connecting the glaciers to the sources of warm Atlantic Water, amidst a relatively uniform, shallow (350 m) continental shelf. The deep channels include the Kangerlugssuaq, Sermilik, Gyldenlove, and Tingmiarmiut Troughs.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Leif G, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Shelf-Basin interaction along the East Siberian Sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 13:2, s. 349-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive biogeochemical transformation of organic matter takes place in the shallow continental shelf seas of Siberia. This, in combination with brine production from sea-ice formation, results in cold bottom waters with relatively high salinity and nutrient concentrations, as well as low oxygen and pH levels. Data from the SWERUS-C3 expedition with icebreaker Oden, from July to September 2014, show the distribution of such nutrient-rich, cold bottom waters along the continental margin from about 140 to 180 degrees E. The water with maximum nutrient concentration, classically named the upper halocline, is absent over the Lomonosov Ridge at 140 degrees E, while it appears in the Makarov Basin at 150 degrees E and intensifies further eastwards. At the intercept between the Mendeleev Ridge and the East Siberian continental shelf slope, the nutrient maximum is still intense, but distributed across a larger depth interval. The nutrient-rich water is found here at salinities of up to similar to 34.5, i.e. in the water classically named lower halocline. East of 170 degrees E transient tracers show significantly less ventilated waters below about 150 m water depth. This likely results from a local isolation of waters over the Chukchi Abyssal Plain as the boundary current from the west is steered away from this area by the bathymetry of the Mendeleev Ridge. The water with salinities of similar to 34.5 has high nutrients and low oxygen concentrations as well as low pH, typically indicating decay of organic matter. A deficit in nitrate relative to phosphate suggests that this process partly occurs under hypoxia. We conclude that the high nutrient water with salinity similar to 34.5 are formed on the shelf slope in the Mendeleev Ridge region from interior basin water that is trapped for enough time to attain its signature through interaction with the sediment.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Bottom characterization of Lagoa das Furnas on Sao Miguel, Azores archipelago
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-0273 .- 1872-6097. ; 321, s. 196-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lagoa das Furnas is a crater lake located in an area exposed to geohazards from earthquakes and volcanic activity on the island of sao Miguel in the Azores Archipelago. Geophysical mapping of Lagoa das Furnas reveals a previously undiscovered volcanic dome. This dome is comprised largely of subaquatic pyroclastic debris of trachytic composition. Sedimentological, petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies of pyroclastic deposits from the dome link it to the historically documented Furnas 1630 eruption. The chemistry of glass and crystal fragments sampled from the dome suggests that it is comprised of more evolved magma than that of the main Furnas 1630 dome located 1400 m away. This suggests that the dome was formed during a final phase of the 1630 eruption in the Lagoa das Furnas area.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Thommy
(författare)
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Geology of Lagoa das Furnas, a crater lake on São Miguel, Azores archipelago
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the results from a geophysical mapping and coring campaign of Lagoa das Furnas are presented. Specific focus is placed on the origin of a subaqueous volcanic cone mapped in the southern part of the lake. Lagoa das Furnas is a crater lake within the Furnas volcanic centre which is located on the island of São Miguel in the Azores archipelago. The Furnas volcanic centre has a long history of earthquakes and volcanic activity. The area is relatively well-studied, except for the lake floor. Therefore, a high resolution geophysical and geological mapping survey was conducted at Lagoa das Furnas. Sidescan sonar was used to map the surface of the lake floor and single beam sonar was used to acquire sub-bottom profiles. In addition to the geophysical mapping, sediment surface sampling and core drilling were carried out followed by geochemical analyses of the retrieved material. The mapped data permitted a characterisation of the floor of Lagoa das Furnas and revealed several volcanic features including fumarole activity and a volcanic cone in the southern part of the lake. In order to unravel the origin of this cone several methods were applied, including analyses of tephra and minerals collected from the cone itself and from nearby deposits of two known eruptions Furnas I and Furnas 1630. Sedimentological, petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies of pyroclastic deposits from the cone suggest a subaqueous eruption linked to the Furnas 1630 eruption. The chemistry of glass and crystal fragments sampled from the cone suggests that it is composed of more evolved magma than that of the main Furnas 1630 implying that the lake cone is likely a product of the last eruptional phase. Historical documents reveal three lakes in Furnas valley before the 1630 eruption. Two of these lakes were lost due the eruption and the remaining lake is most likely Lagoa das Furnas and consequently did exist before the 1630 eruption.
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| 11. |
- Barrientos, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Ocean benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios and global Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations: New constraints at low temperatures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 236, s. 240-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the use of Mg/Ca ratios in six Arctic Ocean benthic foraminifera species as bottom water palaeothermometers and expand published Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations to the coldest bottom temperatures (<1 °C). Foraminifera were analyzed in surface sediments at 27 sites in the Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Laptev Sea, Lomonosov Ridge and Petermann Fjord. The sites span water depths of 52–1157 m and bottom water temperatures (BWT) of −1.8 to +0.9 °C. Benthic foraminifera were alive at time of collection, determined from Rose Bengal (RB) staining. Three infaunal and three epifaunal species were abundant enough for Mg/Ca analysis. As predicted by theory and empirical evidence, cold water Arctic Ocean benthic species produce low Mg/Ca ratios, the exception being the porcelaneous species Quinqueloculina arctica. Our new data provide important constraints at the cold end (<1 °C) when added to existing global datasets. The refined calibrations based on the new and published global data appear best supported for the infaunal species Nonionella labradorica (Mg/Ca = 1.325 ± 0.01 × e^(0.065 ± 0.01 × BWT), r2 = 0.9), Cassidulina neoteretis (Mg/Ca = 1.009 ± 0.02 × e^(0.042 ± 0.01 × BWT), r2 = 0.6) and Elphidium clavatum (Mg/Ca = 0.816 ± 0.06 + 0.125 ± 0.05 × BWT, r2 = 0.4). The latter is based on the new Arctic data only. This suggests that Arctic Ocean infaunal taxa are suitable for capturing at least relative and probably semi-quantitative past changes in BWT. Arctic Oridorsalis tener Mg/Ca data are combined with existing O. umbonatus Mg/Ca data from well saturated core-tops from other regions to produce a temperature calibration with minimal influence of bottom water carbonate saturation state (Mg/Ca = 1.317 ± 0.03 × e^(0.102 ± 0.01 BWT), r2 = 0.7). The same approach for Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi yields Mg/Ca = 1.043 ± 0.03 × e^(0.118 ± 0.1 BWT), r2 = 0.4. Mg/Ca ratios of the porcelaneous epifaunal species Q. arctica show a clear positive relationship between Mg/Ca and Δ[CO32−] indicating that this species is not suitable for Mg/Ca-palaeothermometry at low temperatures, but may be useful in reconstructing carbonate system parameters through time.
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| 12. |
- Barrientos, Natalia, 1985-
(författare)
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Arctic Ocean benthic foraminifera preservation and Mg/Ca ratios : Implications for bottom water palaeothermometry
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Reconstructions of Arctic Ocean palaeotemperatures are needed to disentangle natural variability from anthropogenic changes and understand the role of ocean heat transport in forcing or providing feedbacks on Arctic climate change. Despite known complications with calcareous microfossil preservation in Arctic Ocean sediments, calcareous benthic foraminifera can be common in interglacial sequences. However, thus far they have been underutilized in palaeoceanographic studies. This thesis explores the application of the Mg/Ca palaeothermometry proxy for reconstructing bottom water temperatures (BWT) in the Arctic Ocean during the late Quaternary. This method, which is supported by previous empirical studies demonstrating a strong temperature control on trace Mg inclusion into foraminiferal shell calcite, has been applied in many ocean regions and time intervals. Until now its application in the Arctic Ocean has been sparingly explored.The results of this doctoral thesis are based on benthic foraminifera retrieved from marine sediment cores covering a wide geographical Arctic Ocean area including both the shallow and vast continental shelves and slopes to the intermediate-to-deep waters of the Lomonosov Ridge and Morris Jesup Rise. These provide the first benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios from the central Arctic Ocean region. In the first study, mechanisms that could affect Mg incorporation in Arctic benthic foraminifera are investigated using oceanographic field data and six 'live' modern Arctic species (Elphidium clavatum, Nonionella labradorica, Cassidulina neoteretis, Oridorsalis tener, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Quinqueloculina arctica). The result is new species-specific Mg/Ca–BWT field calibrations that provide important constraints at the cold end of the BWT spectrum (-2 to 1°C) (Paper I). Using the new Mg/Ca–BWT equation for E. clavatum, a palaeotemperature record was generated for the late Holocene (past ca. 4100 yr) from the western Chukchi Sea. The data showed BWT fluctuations from -2 to 1°C that are interpreted as showing pulses of warmer Pacific water inflow at 500–1000 yr periods, thus revealing multi-centennial variability in heat transport into the Arctic Ocean driven by low latitude forcings (Paper II). Complications with foraminiferal calcite preservation that limit Mg/Ca palaeothermometry in the Arctic were discovered and these are tackled in two additional papers. Anomalously high Mg content in benthic foraminifera from the central Arctic Ocean is linked to diagenetic contamination as a result of the unique oceanographic, sedimentary and geochemical environment (Paper III). Lastly, the dramatic post-recovery dissolution of foraminifera from a Chukchi Shelf sediment core during core storage is investigated and attributed to acidification driven by sulphide oxidation in this organic rich and calcite poor shelf setting (Paper IV).The findings of this thesis demonstrate that benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca-palaeothermometry can be applied in the Arctic Ocean and capture small BWT change (on the order of -2 to 2°C) even at low temperatures. In practice, preservational complexities can be limiting and require special sample handling or analysis due to the high potential for diagenetic contamination in the central Arctic Ocean and rapid post coring calcite dissolution in the seasonally productive shelf seas. This Ph.D. project is a component of the multidisciplinary SWERUS-C3 (Swedish-Russian-US Arctic Ocean Climate-Cryosphere- Carbon Interactions) project that included an expedition with Swedish icebreaker Oden to the East Siberian Arctic Ocean.
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| 13. |
- Björk, Göran, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Bathymetry and oceanic flow structure at two deep passages crossing the Lomonosov Ridge
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 14:1, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Lomonosov Ridge represents a major topographical feature in the Arctic Ocean which has a large effect on the water circulation and the distribution of water properties. This study presents detailed bathymetric survey data along with hydrographic data at two deep passages across the ridge: a southern passage (80-81°ĝN), where the ridge crest meets the Siberian continental slope, and a northern passage around 84.5°ĝN. The southern channel is characterized by smooth and flat bathymetry around 1600–1700ĝm with a sill depth slightly shallower than 1700ĝm. A hydrographic section across the channel reveals an eastward flow with Amundsen Basin properties in the southern part and a westward flow of Makarov Basin properties in the northern part. The northern passage includes an approximately 72ĝkm long and 33ĝkm wide trough which forms an intra-basin in the Lomonosov Ridge morphology (the Oden Trough). The eastern side of the Oden Trough is enclosed by a narrow and steep ridge rising 500–600ĝm above a generally 1600ĝm deep trough bottom. The deepest passage (the sill) is 1470ĝm deep and located on this ridge. Hydrographic data show irregular temperature and salinity profiles indicating that water exchange occurs as midwater intrusions bringing water properties from each side of the ridge in well-defined but irregular layers. There is also morphological evidence that some rather energetic flows may occur in the vicinity of the sill. A well expressed deepening near the sill may be the result of seabed erosion by bottom currents.
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| 14. |
- Burmeister, Jason J., et al.
(författare)
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In vivo electrochemical studies of optogenetic control of glutamate signaling measured using enzyme-based ceramic microelectrode arrays
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuromethods. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6045 .- 0893-2336. ; 130, s. 327-351
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct electrochemical measurements of glutamate release in vivo were combined with optogenetics in order to examine light-induced control of glutamate neurotransmission in the rodent brain. Self-referenced recordings of glutamate using ceramic-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in hippocampus and frontal cortex demonstrated precise optical control of light-induced glutamate release through channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expression in both rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Although the virus was only injected unilaterally, bilateral and rostro-caudal expression was observed in slice imaging, indicating diffusion and active transport of the viral particles. Methodology for the optogenetic control of glutamate signaling in the rat brain is thoroughly explained with special attention paid to MEA enzyme coating and cleaning for the benefit of other investigators. These data support that optogenetic control of glutamate signaling is robust with certain advantages as compared to other methods to modulate the in vivo control of glutamate signaling.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Chi Fru, Ernest, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic stress after the Proterozoic glaciations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protection against arsenic damage in organisms positioned deep in the tree of life points to early evolutionary sensitization. Here, marine sedimentary records reveal a Proterozoic arsenic concentration patterned to glacial-interglacial ages. The low glacial and high interglacial sedimentary arsenic concentrations, suggest deteriorating habitable marine conditions may have coincided with atmospheric oxygen decline after ~2.1 billion years ago. A similar intensification of near continental margin sedimentary arsenic levels after the Cryogenian glaciations is also associated with amplified continental weathering. However, interpreted atmospheric oxygen increase at this time, suggests that the marine biosphere had widely adapted to the reorganization of global marine elemental cycles by glaciations. Such a glacially induced biogeochemical bridge would have produced physiologically robust communities that enabled increased oxygenation of the ocean-atmosphere system and the radiation of the complex Ediacaran-Cambrian life.
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| 17. |
- Chi Fru, Ernest, et al.
(författare)
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Proterozoic arsenic dynamics controlled by glaciations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the 25<sup>th</sup>Goldschmidt Conference, Prague. ; , s. 537-537
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased chemical weathering of trace elements from land to ocean after the Great Oxidation Event is often correlated to biological stimulation near the ocean margins. However, life had to develop strategies to combat the sudden bioavailability of a range of toxic/redox-sensitive elements that became widely accessible because of the GOE. Here, sedimentary As marine records reveal a cyclic Proterozoic arsenic concentration pattern influenced by glacial-interglacial cycles. Postglacial sedimentary arsenic concentrations suggest deterioration of habitable marine conditions may have coincided with atmospheric oxygen decline after ~2.1 billion years ago (Ga). This changed after ~0.58 Ga when marine biota developed widespread stress responses against postglacial reorganization of global marine elemental cycles, producing physiologically robust communities that enabled increased oxygenation of the atmosphere-ocean system and radiation of complex life.
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| 18. |
- Chiu, Pin-Yao, et al.
(författare)
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New constraints on Arctic Ocean Mn stratigraphy from radiocarbon dating on planktonic foraminifera
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 447, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variations in the abundance of manganese (Mn) in Arctic Ocean sediments are used as a tool to identify glacial and interglacial periods. This study aims to provide new insight into the applicability of Mn as a stratigraphic tool in the topmost sediment and to investigate the occurrence of Mn peaks in sediments within the range of radiocarbon dating. In combination with variations in ice-rafted debris (IRD), radiocarbon dating is used to better constrain the stratigraphic occurrence of Mn peaks, and the synchroneity between multiple records, especially during the late glacial and the Holocene. We find that a hiatus spanning MIS 2 is widely observed in most of our cores, resulting in a merging of Mn peaks of Holocene age and the later part of MIS 3. The Holocene Mn peak is usually high amplitude but short, while the MIS 3 Mn peak has a lower amplitude and is protracted. Where preserved, MIS 2 sediments form a 2-3 cm thick layer characterized by a light color, low Mn content, sparse IRD and low foraminiferal abundance. IRD variations provide a powerful tool to identify the boundary of the Holocene and late MIS 3 in cores with a MIS 2 hiatus. Because the IRD content displays a general increment from the start of MIS 3, and both the Holocene and MIS 2 show small IRD variations, the end of MIS 3 can be pinpointed to the point of decrease in IRD. The hiatus of MIS 2 is widely observed in our cores, suggesting extensive persistent sea ice coverage during the peak of the last glacial cycle, with sharply reduced sedimentation throughout the Arctic Ocean. Identifying similar events during previous glacial periods may be an important step towards constructing longer and more accurate chronologies for Arctic Ocean sediments.
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| 19. |
- Cronin, Thomas M., et al.
(författare)
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Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 13:9, s. 1097-1110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deglacial (12.8-10.7 ka) sea level history on the East Siberian continental shelf and upper continental slope was reconstructed using new geophysical records and sediment cores taken during Leg 2 of the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. The focus of this study is two cores from Herald Canyon, piston core SWERUS-L2-4-PC1 (4-PC1) and multicore SWERUS-L2-4-MC1 (4-MC1), and a gravity core from an East Siberian Sea transect, SWERUS-L2-20-GC1 (20GC1). Cores 4-PC1 and 20-GC were taken at 120 and 115m of modern water depth, respectively, only a few meters above the global last glacial maximum (LGM; similar to 24 kiloannum or ka) minimum sea level of similar to 125-130 meters below sea level (m b.s.l.). Using calibrated radiocarbon ages mainly on molluscs for chronology and the ecology of benthic foraminifera and ostracode species to estimate paleodepths, the data reveal a dominance of river-proximal species during the early part of the Younger Dryas event (YD, Greenland Stadial GS-1) followed by a rise in river-intermediate species in the late Younger Dryas or the early Holocene (Preboreal) period. A rapid relative sea level rise beginning at roughly 11.4 to 10.8 ka (similar to 400 cm of core depth) is indicated by a sharp faunal change and unconformity or condensed zone of sedimentation. Regional sea level at this time was about 108m b.s.l. at the 4-PC1 site and 102m b.s.l. at 20-GC1. Regional sea level near the end of the YD was up to 42-47m lower than predicted by geophysical models corrected for glacio-isostatic adjustment. This discrepancy could be explained by delayed isostatic adjustment caused by a greater volume and/or geo-graphical extent of glacial-age land ice and/or ice shelves in the western Arctic Ocean and adjacent Siberian land areas.
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| 20. |
- Cronin, Thomas M., et al.
(författare)
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Interglacial Paleoclimate in the Arctic
- 2019
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Ingår i: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. - 2572-4517 .- 2572-4525. ; 34:12, s. 1959-1979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine Isotope Stage 11 from similar to 424 to 374 ka experienced peak interglacial warmth and highest global sea level similar to 410-400 ka. MIS 11 has received extensive study on the causes of its long duration and warmer than Holocene climate, which is anomalous in the last half million years. However, a major geographic gap in MIS 11 proxy records exists in the Arctic Ocean where fragmentary evidence exists for a seasonally sea ice-free summers and high sea-surface temperatures (SST; similar to 8-10 degrees C near the Mendeleev Ridge). We investigated MIS 11 in the western and central Arctic Ocean using 12 piston cores and several shorter cores using proxies for surface productivity (microfossil density), bottom water temperature (magnesium/calcium ratios), the proportion of Arctic Ocean Deep Water versus Arctic Intermediate Water (key ostracode species), sea ice (epipelagic sea ice dwelling ostracode abundance), and SST (planktic foraminifers). We produced a new benthic foraminiferal delta O-18 curve, which signifies changes in global ice volume, Arctic Ocean bottom temperature, and perhaps local oceanographic changes. Results indicate that peak warmth occurred in the Amerasian Basin during the middle of MIS 11 roughly from 410 to 400 ka. SST were as high as 8-10 degrees C for peak interglacial warmth, and sea ice was absent in summers. Evidence also exists for abrupt suborbital events punctuating the MIS 12-MIS 11-MIS 10 interval. These fluctuations in productivity, bottom water temperature, and deep and intermediate water masses (Arctic Ocean Deep Water and Arctic Intermediate Water) may represent Heinrich-like events possibly involving extensive ice shelves extending off Laurentide and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets bordering the Arctic.
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| 21. |
- Fenty, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Oceans Melting Greenland : Early Results from NASA’s Ocean-Ice Mission in Greenland
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 29:4, s. 72-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet represents a major uncertainty in projecting future rates of global sea level rise. Much of this uncertainty is related to a lack of knowledge about subsurface ocean hydrographic properties, particularly heat content, how these properties are modified across the continental shelf, and about the extent to which the ocean interacts with glaciers. Early results from NASA's five-year Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) mission, based on extensive hydrographic and bathymetric surveys, suggest that many glaciers terminate in deep water and are hence vulnerable to increased melting due to ocean-ice interaction. OMG will track ocean conditions and ice loss at glaciers around Greenland through the year 2020, providing critical information about ocean-driven Greenland ice mass loss in a warming climate.
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| 22. |
- Fischione, Carlo, et al.
(författare)
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Optimality of Radio Power Control Via Fast-Lipschitz Optimization
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 64:6, s. 2589-2601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In wireless network resource allocation, the radio power control problems are often solved by fixed point algorithms. Although these algorithms give feasible problem solutions, such solutions often lack notion of problem optimality. This paper reconsiders well-known fixed-point algorithms, such as those with standard and type-II standard interference functions, and investigates the conditions under which they give optimal solutions. The optimality is established by the recently proposed fast-Lipschitz optimization framework. To apply such a framework, the analysis is performed by a logarithmic transformation of variables that gives tractable fast-Lipschitz problems. It is shown how the logarithmic problem constraints are contractive by the standard or type-II standard assumptions on the power control problem, and how sets of cost functions fulfill the fast-Lipschitz qualifying conditions. The analysis on nonmonotonic interference function allows establishing a new qualifying condition for fast-Lipschitz optimization. The results are illustrated by considering power control problems with standard interference function, problems with type-II standard interference functions, and a case of subhomogeneous power control problems. Given the generality of fast-Lipschitz optimization compared to traditional methods for resource allocation, it is concluded that such an optimization may help to determine the optimality of many resource allocation problems in wireless networks.
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| 23. |
- Flink, Anne E., et al.
(författare)
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Past ice flow in Wahlenbergfjorden and its implications for late Quaternary ice sheet dynamics in northeastern Svalbard
- 2017
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 163, s. 162-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wahlenbergfjorden is a fjord situated in the western part of Nordaustlandet in northern Svalbard. It leads into the 400 m deep Hinlopen Strait located between Nordaustlandet and Spitsbergen. High-resolution multibeam bathymetric and sub-bottom data, as well as sediment cores are used to study the past extent and dynamics of glaciers in Wahlenbergfjorden and western Nordaustlandet. The submarine landform assemblage in Wahlenbergfjorden consists of landforms characteristic of subglacial, ice marginal and proglacial conditions. Glacial lineations indicate that Wahlenbergfjorden was occupied by streaming ice during the LGM and most likely acted as an ice stream onset zone. Westward ice flow in the fjord merged with the ice stream in Hinlopen Strait. Absence of ice recessional landforms in outer Wahlenbergfjorden suggests relatively fast deglaciation, possibly by flotation of the glacier front in the deeper parts of the fjord. The inner part of Wahlenbergfjorden and Palanderbukta are characterized by De Geer moraines, indicating episodic retreat of a grounded glacier front. In Palanderbukta, longer still stands of the glacier terminus resulted in the formation of larger terminal moraine ridges. The inner part of Wahlenbergfjorden was deglaciated prior to 11.3 +/- 55 Cal. ka BP. The submarine landform assemblages in front of Bodleybreen, Etonbreen, Idunbreen, Frazerbreen and Aldousbreen confirm that these glaciers have surged at least once during the Holocene.
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| 24. |
- Fransner, O., et al.
(författare)
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Glacial landforms and their implications for glacier dynamics in Rijpfjorden and Duvefjorden, northern Nordaustlandet, Svalbard
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 32:3, s. 437-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations of subglacial landforms yielding the configuration and dynamics of former ice-flows have for the first time been made in Rijpfjorden and Duvefjorden, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, using sub-bottom acoustic, swath-bathymetric data and sediment cores. Five acoustic-stratigraphic units were distinguished suggesting the presence of a complete glacial-postglacial succession in the central fjord basins. C-14 ages from the sediments indicate that the inner Rijpfjorden and central Duvefjorden were deglaciated before ca. 10.6 cal ka BP and 11.0 cal ka BP, respectively. Maximum sediment thickness in Rijpfjorden and Duvefjorden is 26 m, resulting in sediment accumulation rates of ca. 66 cm ka(-1). The landform record suggests that the ice streaming in both fjords was topographically controlled. The considerably deeper basin and higher elongation ratios of the crag-and-tails in Duvefjorden are linked to the faulted bedrock and possibly to somewhat larger ice stream and/or more focused ice-flow compared to that in Rijpfjorden. De Geer moraines suggest slower retreat of a grounded ice margin from shallow areas of Rijpfjorden. In deeper areas of the fjords, the glaciers were probably floating, resulting in the lack of ice-marginal transverse landforms. The ice margin retreat from these areas was probably relatively rapid and dominated by calving.
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| 25. |
- Freire, Francis Fletcher, 1973-
(författare)
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High Arctic submarine glaciogenic landscapes : their formation and significance
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused on studies of glacial and slope morphology in the high Arctic of western Greenland shelf and the Molloy Hole seafloor spreading area, based on high-resolution acoustic methods and other geophysical data. The main purpose is to improve our understanding of glacial dynamics and associated processes in the marginal region of a large marine-terminating ice sheet. Newly acquired data, together with existing datasets have been compiled to create bathymetric models, which were used to study the seafloor landscape and its preserved record of glacial and sedimentary processes. The new bathymetric models were used with novel processing tools combined with seismic profiles, sub-bottom profiles and overlays of geological- and gravimetric maps to describe the observed landforms and interpret causal relationships. The main conclusions are:1) The underlying geology is an important control on the cross-shelf trough (CST) dimensions in western Greenland. This is likely due to the influence of underlying geology to the frictional resistance of the ice flow over the basement rock. Our observations show that ice streaming in areas with basaltic bed-types cause minimal over-deepening of the main trunk of the trough, which also has weaker lateral boundaries allowing the ice stream to shift flow direction more easily. CSTs on the Cenozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary basins indicate a stronger eroding and more focused paleo-ice streams.2) Bedrock lithology has an important part in controlling the location of the head-to-trough transition in CSTs of western Greenland. The areas where the head’s network of channels converges to form the main trunk of the trough are mostly located on the boundary from crystalline to sedimentary bedrock. These areas are also marked by distinct over-deepenings.3) Preglacial conditions such as faults/fractures and lithological properties of the basement rocks in western Greenland served as an important control on the erosional potential of the glacial processes, particularly on a local scale. Faults and fractures have led to the topographic steering of the ice flow that causes further excavation and erosion of the bed, while uneven erosion patterns, based on differences in glacial morphological features, is observed between areas of adjacent bedrocks with different lithology.4) The occurrence of trough mouth fans is suggested to be controlled mainly by the shelf width, which governs the glacial flow length along available sediment sources. It is also controlled by the continental slope steepness, which may be too steep for sediment fans to accumulate, or may cause slope failure which eventually transports the sediments to the deep basin.5) The maximum ice extent in west Greenland extended towards the shelf edge. Geomorphological evidence of ice margin standstills and slow retreat (grounding zone wedges and transverse moraines) in some areas reveal a multi-stage deglaciation process.6) The view of a highly dynamic paleo-Greenland ice sheet is supported by the presence of a large number of CSTs which hosted ice streams, and evidence of ice stream flow-switching throughout one or several glaciations.7) The influence of glacial sedimentary processes extends into the deepest areas of the Arctic Ocean. A submarine landslide, here termed the Molloy Slide, has been described in the Molloy Hole in the Davis Strait between Greenland and Svalbard. This slide was likely caused by massive glacial sediment deposition along the west Svalbard margin.
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| 26. |
- Freire, Francis, et al.
(författare)
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High resolution mapping of offshore and onshore glaciogenic features in metamorphic bedrock terrain, Melville Bay, northwestern Greenland
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 250, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geomorphological studies of previously glaciated landscapes are important to understand how ice sheets and glaciers respond to rapidly changing climate. Melville Bay, in northwestern Greenland, contains some of the most sensitive but least studied ice sheet sectors in the northern hemisphere, where the bathymetric knowledge previously was restricted to a few sparsely distributed single beam echo soundings. We present here the results of high-resolution, geomorphological mapping of the offshore and onshore landscapes in Melville Bay using multibeam sonar and satellite data, at 5- and 10-m resolutions respectively. The results show a similar areally-scoured bedrock-dominated landscape with a glacially modified cnoc-and-lochan morphology on the inner shelf (150-500 m depth) and on the nearby exposed coast. This is manifested by the presence of U-shaped troughs, moutonee-type elongated landforms, stoss-and-lee forms, and streamlined features. The submarine landscape shows features that are characteristic of bedrock in folded, faulted, and weathered metamorphic terrain, and, to a lesser extent, glacially molded bedforms; while coastal landforms exhibit higher relief, irregular-shaped basins, and more subdued fracture valleys. Although generally similar, the onshore and offshore landscapes contain examples of distinctly different landform patterns, which are interpreted to reflect a longer exposure to long-term deep weathering as well as to more recent periglacial weathering processes on land. The spatial variability in the distribution of landforms across the landscape in both study areas is mostly attributed to differences in lithological properties of the bedrock. The lack of sediment cover on the inner shelf is likely a result of a capacity for sediment erosion and removal by the West Greenland Current flowing northward over the area in combination with limited sediment supply from long sea ice-cover seasons. The distribution and orientation of the landforms in the offshore part indicate ice movement toward the NW, and suggests that this area acted as a tributary or onset region for the major paleo ice stream that formed the present day Melville Bay Trough.
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| 27. |
- Gaffney, L. P., et al.
(författare)
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Collectivity in the light radon nuclei measured directly via Coulomb excitation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 91:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Shape coexistence in heavy nuclei poses a strong challenge to state-of-the-art nuclear models, where several competing shape minima are found close to the ground state. A classic region for investigating this phenomenon is in the region around Z = 82 and the neutron midshell at N = 104. Purpose: Evidence for shape coexistence has been inferred from a-decay measurements, laser spectroscopy, and in-beam measurements. While the latter allow the pattern of excited states and rotational band structures to be mapped out, a detailed understanding of shape coexistence can only come from measurements of electromagnetic matrix elements. Method: Secondary, radioactive ion beams of Rn-202 and Rn-204 were studied by means of low-energy Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE in CERN. Results: The electric-quadrupole (E2) matrix element connecting the ground state and first excited 2(1)(+) state was extracted for both Rn-202 and Rn-204, corresponding to B(E2; 2(1)(+) -> 0(1)(+)) = 29(-8)(+8) and 43(-12)(+17) W.u., respectively. Additionally, E2 matrix elements connecting the 2(1)(+) state with the 4(1)(+) and 2(2)(+) states were determined in Rn-202. No excited 0(+) states were observed in the current data set, possibly owing to a limited population of second-order processes at the currently available beam energies. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of collectivity and the deformation of both nuclei studied is deduced to be weak, as expected from the low-lying level-energy schemes. Comparisons are also made to state-of-the-art beyond-mean-field model calculations and the magnitude of the transitional quadrupole moments are well reproduced.
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| 28. |
- Gemery, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Central Arctic Ocean paleoceanography from similar to 50 ka to present, on the basis of ostracode faunal assemblages from the SWERUS 2014 expedition
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 13:11, s. 1473-1489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late Quaternary paleoceanographic changes at the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean, were reconstructed from a multicore and gravity core recovered during the 2014 SWERUS-C3 Expedition. Ostracode assemblages dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) indicate changing sea-ice conditions and warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow to the Arctic Ocean from similar to 50 ka to present. Key taxa used as environmental indicators include Acetabulastoma arcticum (perennial sea ice), Polycope spp. (variable sea-ice margins, high surface productivity), Krithe hunti (Arctic Ocean deep water), and Rabilimis mirabilis (water mass change/AWinflow). Results indicate periodic seasonally sea-ice-free conditions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (similar to 57-29 ka), rapid deglacial changes in water mass conditions (15-11 ka), seasonally sea-ice-free conditions during the early Holocene (similar to 10-7 ka) and perennial sea ice during the late Holocene. Comparisons with faunal records from other cores from the Mendeleev and Lomonosov ridges suggest generally similar patterns, although sea-ice cover during the Last Glacial Maximum may have been less extensive at the new Lomonosov Ridge core site (similar to 85.15 degrees N, 152 degrees E) than farther north and towards Greenland. The new data provide evidence for abrupt, large-scale shifts in ostracode species depth and geographical distributions during rapid climatic transitions.
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| 29. |
- Gleason, J. D., et al.
(författare)
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Sources and cycling of mercury in the paleo Arctic Ocean from Hg stable isotope variations in Eocene and Quaternary sediments
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 197, s. 245-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury stable isotopic compositions were determined for marine sediments from eight locations in the Arctic Ocean Basin. Mass dependent fractionation (MDF) and mass independent fractionation (MIF) of Hg stable isotopes were recorded across a variety of depositional environments, water depths, and stratigraphic ages. delta(202) Hg (MDF) ranges from -2.34% to -0.78%; Delta(199) Hg (MIF) from -0.18% to +0.12%; and Delta(201) Hg (MIF) from -0.29% to + 0.05% for the complete data set (n = 33). Holocene sediments from the Chukchi Sea and Morris Jesup Rise record the most negative Delta(199) Hg values, while Pleistocene sediments from the Central Arctic Ocean record the most positive Delta(199) Hg values. The most negative delta(202) Hg values are recorded in Pleistocene sediments. Eocene sediments (Lomonosov Ridge) show some overlap in their Hg isotopic compositions with Quaternary sediments, with a sample of the Arctic Ocean PETM (56 Ma) most closely matching the average Hg isotopic composition of Holocene Arctic marine sediments. Collectively, these data support a terrestrially-dominated Hg source input for Arctic Ocean sediment through time, although other sources, as well as influences of sea ice, atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs), and anthropogenic Hg (in core top samples) on Hg isotopic signatures must also be considered.
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| 30. |
- Greenwood, Sarah L., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple re-advances of a Lake Vättern outlet glacier during Fennoscandian Ice Sheet retreat, south-central Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 44:4, s. 619-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake Vättern represents a critical region geographically and dynamically in the deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. The outlet glacier that occupied the basin and its behaviour during ice-sheet retreat were key to the development and drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake, dammed just west of the basin, yet its geometry, extent, thickness, margin dynamics, timing and sensitivity to regional retreat forcing are rather poorly known. The submerged sediment archives of Lake Vättern represent a missing component of the regional Swedish deglaciation history. Newly collected geophysical data, including high-resolution multibeam bathymetry of the lake floor and seismic reflection profiles of southern Lake Vättern, are used here together with a unique 74-m sediment record recently acquired by drill coring, and with onshore LiDAR-based geomorphological analysis, to investigate the deglacial environments and dynamics in the basin and its terrestrial environs. Five stratigraphical units comprise a thick subglacial package attributed to the last glacial period (and probably earlier), and an overlying > 120-m deglacial sequence. Three distinct retreat-re-advance episodes occurred in southern Lake Vättern between the initial deglaciation and the Younger Dryas. In the most recent of these, ice overrode proglacial lake sediments and re-advanced from north of Visingsö to the southern reaches of the lake, where ice up to 400 m thick encroached on land in a lobate fashion, moulding crag-and-tail lineations and depositing till above earlier glacifluvial sediments. This event precedes the Younger Dryas, which our data reveal was probably restricted to north-central sectors of the basin. These dynamics, and their position within the regional retreat chronology, indicate a highly active ice margin during deglaciation, with retreat rates on average 175 m a(-1). The pronounced topography of the Vättern basin and its deep proglacial-dammed lake are likely to have encouraged the dynamic behaviour of this major Fennoscandian outlet glacier.
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| 31. |
- Greenwood, Sarah L., et al.
(författare)
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The Bothnian Sea ice stream : early Holocene retreat dynamics of the south-central Fennoscandian Ice Sheet
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 46:2, s. 346-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gulf of Bothnia hosted a variety of palaeo-glaciodynamic environments throughout the growth and decay of the last Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, from the main ice-sheet divide to a major corridor of marine-and lacus-trine-based deglaciation. Ice streaming through the Bothnian and Baltic basins has been widely assumed, and the damming and drainage of the huge proglacial Baltic Ice Lake has been implicated in major regional and hemispheric climate changes. However, the dynamics of palaeo-ice flow and retreat in this large marine sector have until now been inferred only indirectly, from terrestrial, peripheral evidence. Recent acquisition of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry opens these basins up, for the first time, to direct investigation of their glacial footprint and palaeo-ice sheet behaviour. Here we report on a rich glacial landform record: in particular, a palaeo-ice stream pathway, abundant traces of high subglacial meltwater volumes, and widespread basal crevasse squeeze ridges. The Bothnian Sea ice stream is a narrow flow corridor that was directed southward through the basin to a terminal zone in the south-central Bothnian Sea. It was activated after initial margin retreat across the Aland sill and into the Bothnian basin, and the exclusive association of the ice-stream pathway with crevasse squeeze ridges leads us to interpret a short-lived stream event, under high extension, followed by rapid crevasse-triggered break-up. We link this event with a c. 150-year ice-rafted debris signal in peripheral varved records, at c. 10.67 cal. ka BP. Furthermore, the extensive glacifluvial system throughout the Bothnian Sea calls for considerable input of surface meltwater. We interpret strongly atmospherically driven retreat of this marine-based ice-sheet sector.
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| 32. |
- Halldórsson, Sæmundur A., et al.
(författare)
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Petrology and geochemistry of the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption, central Iceland : compositional and mineralogical characteristics, temporal variability and magma storage
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-7999 .- 1432-0967. ; 173:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2014–2015 Holuhraun fissure eruption provided a rare opportunity to study in detail the magmatic processes and magma plumbing system dynamics during a 6-month-long, moderate- to large-volume basaltic fissure eruption. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive dataset, including major and trace elements of whole-rock and glassy tephra samples, mineral chemistry, and radiogenic and oxygen isotope analyses from an extensive set of samples (n = 62) that were collected systematically in several field campaigns throughout the entire eruptive period. We also present the first detailed chemical and isotopic characterization of magmatic sulfides from Iceland. In conjunction with a unique set of geophysical data, our approach provides a detailed temporal and spatial resolution of magmatic processes before and during this eruption. The 2014–2015 Holuhraun magma is compositionally indistinguishable from recent basalts erupted from the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, consistent with seismic observations for magma ascent close to the Bárðarbunga central volcano, followed by dyke propagation to the Holuhraun eruption site. Whole-rock elemental and isotopic compositions are remarkably constant throughout the eruption. Moreover, the inferred depth of the magma reservoir tapped during the eruption is consistently 8 ± 5 km, in agreement with geodetic observations and melt inclusion entrapment pressures, but inconsistent with vertically extensive multi-tiered magma storage prior to eruption. The near constancy in the chemical and isotopic composition of the lava is consistent with the efficient homogenization of mantle-derived compositional variability. In contrast, occurrence of different mineral populations, including sulfide globules, which display significant compositional variability, requires a more complex earlier magmatic history. This may include sampling of heterogeneous mantle melts that mixed, crystallized and finally homogenized at mid- to lower-crustal conditions.
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| 33. |
- Haring, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal atlas of the dorsal horn defines its architecture and links sensory input to transcriptional cell types
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 21:6, s. 869-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is critical to processing distinct modalities of noxious and innocuous sensation, but little is known of the neuronal subtypes involved, hampering efforts to deduce principles governing somatic sensation. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to classify sensory neurons in the mouse dorsal horn. We identified 15 inhibitory and 15 excitatory molecular subtypes of neurons, equaling the complexity in cerebral cortex. Validating our classification scheme in vivo and matching cell types to anatomy of the dorsal horn by spatial transcriptomics reveals laminar enrichment for each of the cell types. Neuron types, when combined, define a multilayered organization with like neurons layered together. Employing our scheme, we find that heat and cold stimuli activate discrete sets of both excitatory and inhibitory neuron types. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive molecular classification of spinal cord sensory neurons, enabling functional interrogation of sensory processing.
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| 34. |
- Hedlund, Johanna, 1982-
(författare)
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Climate change effects on migratory birds and on the ecology and behaviour of the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus)
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent global climate change is influencing the behaviour and ecology of species worldwide. Birds are typical systems to study in this context, as they are often migratory and thus subjected to a variety of environmental effects. This thesis employs the use of long-term ringing records, field observations, historical maps and historical volunteer observations with the aim of describing behavioural and ecological responses of birds to the current environmental change. An investigation into the spring arrival, reproduction and autumn departure in willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) breeding at a southern study site in Sweden (65°N 18°E) showed that all three phenological events had advanced in parallel. Thus birds arrive earlier, start breeding earlier and leave Sweden earlier, with the breeding period staying the same in length. By teasing apart the migratory responses of different individuals, it became clear that particularly early arriving males and early departing juveniles had advanced migration. However, willow warblers migrating past a northern study site in Sweden (65°N 23°E) displayed no change in autumn departure. When migration in the two regionally separate populations were analyzed in relation to climatic variables, the results indicated that foremost a combined effect of growing season onset and the North Atlantic Oscillation influenced migratory timing, and only in individuals that had advanced migration. As growing season onset had advanced at both regions, but only elicited migratory change in southern willow warblers, it is proposed that intra-specific difference between populations prepare them differently to climate change. Willow warblers breeding at northern latitudes were also displaying absence of an otherwise common behaviour of the species: philopatry. It is suggested that the climate induced change in onset of the growing season, coupled with an increase in available territories, could have enabled a southern influx of dispersal-prone birds adopting a less philopatric breeding behaviour. Availability of territories was also studied in southern Sweden, in relation to 100 years of land use change and future climate change effects on forestry. The mass-conversion of grazed forest into coniferous sylvicultures that has occurred in Sweden 1900-2013 was shown to have negatively affected territory availability for willow warblers. The second most common bird species in Sweden, the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), was however shown to be largely unaffected. In a future scenario where rising temperatures will increase growth rates of trees, harvest rotation will be faster and both sylvicultures and logged areas will increase in coverage, favouring both species. Thus commonness in terms of landscape and species occurrence has altered historically and is dynamically linked. Historic perspectives were also applied to observations of spring arrival of 14 migratory bird species. A relative comparison of two data sets, collected over 140 years, revealed that short-distance migrants have changed their spring arrival more than long-distance migrants in southern Sweden. In conclusion, the results of this thesis provide insights into climate change effects on avian behaviour and ecology, document unique observations and contribute with a great spectrum of knowledge, from exact details on responses by individual birds, through long-term changes in populations to historical perspectives on shifts in entire landscapes
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| 35. |
- Heine, M., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the neutron-capture rate of C-17 for r-process nucleosynthesis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 95:1, s. Article no 014613 -
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the (RB)-B-3-LAND setup at GSI we have measured exclusive relative-energy spectra of the Coulomb dissociation of C-18 at a projectile energy around 425A MeV on a lead target, which are needed to determine the radiative neutron-capture cross sections of C-17 into the ground state of C-18. Those data have been used to constrain theoretical calculations for transitions populating excited states in C-18. This allowed to derive the astrophysical cross section sigma(n gamma)*. accounting for the thermal population of C-17 target states in astrophysical scenarios. The experimentally verified capture rate is significantly lower than those of previously obtained Hauser-Feshbach estimations at temperatures T-9
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Humborg, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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High Emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane From the Coastal Baltic Sea at the End of a Summer Heat Wave
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The summer heat wave in 2018 led to the highest recorded water temperatures since 1926 - up to 21 degrees C - in bottom coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, with implications for the respiration patterns in these shallow coastal systems. We applied cavity ring-down spectrometer measurements to continuously monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) surface-water concentrations, covering the coastal archipelagos of Sweden and Finland and the open and deeper parts of the Northern Baltic Proper. This allowed us to (i) follow an upwelling event near the Swedish coast leading to elevated CO2 and moderate CH 4 outgassing, and (ii) to estimate CH4 sources and fluxes along the coast by investigating water column inventories and air-sea fluxes during a storm and an associated downwelling event. At the end of the heat wave, before the storm event, we found elevated CO2 (1583 mu atm) and CH4 (70 nmol/L) concentrations. During the storm, a massive CO2 sea-air flux of up to 274 mmol m(-2) d(-1) was observed. While water-column CO2 concentrations were depleted during several hours of the storm, CH4 concentrations remained elevated. Overall, we found a positive relationship between CO2 and CH4 wind-driven sea-air fluxes, however, the highest CH4 fluxes were observed at low winds whereas highest CO2 fluxes were during peak winds, suggesting different sources and processes controlling their fluxes besides wind. We applied a box-model approach to estimate the CH4 supply needed to sustain these elevated CH4 concentrations and the results suggest a large source flux of CH4 to the water column of 2.5 mmol m(-2) d(-1). These results are qualitatively supported by acoustic observations of vigorous and widespread outgassing from the sediments, with flares that could be traced throughout the water column penetrating the pycnocline and reaching the sea surface. The results suggest that the heat wave triggered CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the coastal zones that are comparable with maximum emission rates found in other hot spots, such as boreal and arctic lakes and wetlands. Further, the results suggest that heat waves are as important for CO2 and CH4 sea-air fluxes as the ice break up in spring.
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| 39. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Ocean Bathymetry : A Necessary Geospatial Framework
- 2015
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Ingår i: Arctic. - : The Arctic Institute of North America. - 0004-0843 .- 1923-1245. ; 68, s. 41-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most ocean science relies on a geospatial infrastructure that is built from bathymetry data collected from ships underway, archived, and converted into maps and digital grids. Bathymetry, the depth of the seafloor, besides having vital importance to geology and navigation, is a fundamental element in studies of deep water circulation, tides, tsunami forecasting, upwelling, fishing resources, wave action, sediment transport, environmental change, and slope stability, as well as in site selection for platforms, cables, and pipelines, waste disposal, and mineral extraction. Recent developments in multibeam sonar mapping have-so dramatically increased the resolution with which the seafloor can be portrayed that previous representations must be considered obsolete. Scientific conclusions based on sparse bathymetric information should be re-examined and refined. At this time only about 11% of the Arctic Ocean has been mapped with multibeam; the rest of its seafloor area is portrayed through mathematical interpolation using a very sparse depth-sounding database. In order for all Arctic marine activities to benefit fully from the improvement that multibeam provides, the entire Arctic Ocean must be multibeam-mapped, a task that can be accomplished only through international coordination and collaboration that includes the scientific community, naval institutions, and industry.
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| 40. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Bathymetric properties of the Baltic Sea
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 15:4, s. 905-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Baltic Sea bathymetric properties are analysed here using the newly released digital bathymetric model (DBM) by the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet). The analyses include hypsometry, volume, descriptive depth statistics, and kilometre-scale seafloor ruggedness, i.e. terrain heterogeneity, for the Baltic Sea as a whole as well as for 17 sub-basins defined by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM). We compare the new EMODnet DBM with IOWTOPO the previously most widely used DBM of the Baltic Se aproduced by the Leibniz-Institut fur Ostseeforschung Warnemiinde (IOW), which has served as the primary gridded bathymetric resource in physical and environmental studies for nearly two decades. The area of deep water exchange between the Bothnian Sea and the Northern Baltic Proper across the Aland Sea is specifically analysed in terms of depths and locations of critical bathymetric sills. The EMODnet DBM provides a bathymetric sill depth of 88 m at the northern side of the Aland Sea and 60 m at the southern side, differing from previously identified sill depths of 100 and 70 m, respectively. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry acquired from this deep water exchange path, where vigorous bottom currents interacted with the seafloor, allows us to assess what presently available DBMs are missing in terms of physical characterization of the seafloor. Our study highlights the need for continued work towards complete high-resolution mapping of the Baltic Sea seafloor.
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| 41. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis of a km-thick ice shelf covering the entire Arctic Ocean during peak glacial conditions was proposed nearly half a century ago. Floating ice shelves preserve few direct traces after their disappearance, making reconstructions difficult. Seafloor imprints of ice shelves should, however, exist where ice grounded along their flow paths. Here we present new evidence of ice-shelf groundings on bathymetric highs in the central Arctic Ocean, resurrecting the concept of an ice shelf extending over the entire central Arctic Ocean during at least one previous ice age. New and previously mapped glacial landforms together reveal flow of a spatially coherent, in some regions41-km thick, central Arctic Ocean ice shelf dated to marine isotope stage 6 (similar to 140 ka). Bathymetric highs were likely critical in the ice-shelf development by acting as pinning points where stabilizing ice rises formed, thereby providing sufficient back stress to allow ice shelf thickening.
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| 42. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Extensions of Fast-Lipschitz Optimization
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control. - : IEEE Press. - 0018-9286 .- 1558-2523. ; 61:4, s. 861-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need of fast distributed solvers for optimizationproblems in networked systems has motivated the recent developmentof the Fast-Lipschitz optimization framework. In such an optimization, problems satisfying certain qualifying conditions,such as monotonicity of the objective function and contractivityof the constraints, have a unique optimal solution obtained via fast distributed algorithms that compute the fixed point of the constraints. This paper extends the set of problems for which the Fast-Lipschitz framework applies. Existing assumptions on the problem form are relaxed and new and generalized qualifying conditions are established by novel results based on Lagrangianduality. It is shown for which cases of more constraints thandecision variables, and less constraints than decision variables Fast-Lipschitz optimization applies. New results are obtained by imposing non strict monotonicity of the objective functions. The extended Fast-Lipschitz framework is illustrated by a number ofexamples, including network optimization and optimal control problems.
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| 43. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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In memoriam of Tom Flodén : obituary
- 2017
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 139:3, s. 241-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records
- 2017
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 13:8, s. 991-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bering Strait connects the Arctic and Pacific oceans and separates the North American and Asian landmasses. The presently shallow (similar to 53 m) strait was exposed during the sea level lowstand of the last glacial period, which permitted human migration across a land bridge today referred to as the Bering Land Bridge. Proxy studies (stable isotope composition of foraminifera, whale migration into the Arctic Ocean, mollusc and insect fossils and paleobotanical data) have suggested a range of ages for the Bering Strait reopening, mainly falling within the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 cal ka BP). Here we provide new information on the deglacial and post-glacial evolution of the Arctic-Pacific connection through the Bering Strait based on analyses of geological and geophysical data from Herald Canyon, located north of the Bering Strait on the Chukchi Sea shelf region in the western Arctic Ocean. Our results suggest an initial opening at about 11 cal ka BP in the earliest Holocene, which is later than in several previous studies. Our key evidence is based on a well-dated core from Herald Canyon, in which a shift from a near-shore environment to a Pacific-influenced open marine setting at around 11 cal ka BP is observed. The shift corresponds to meltwater pulse 1b (MWP1b) and is interpreted to signify relatively rapid breaching of the Bering Strait and the submergence of the large Bering Land Bridge. Although the precise rates of sea level rise cannot be quantified, our new results suggest that the late deglacial sea level rise was rapid and occurred after the end of the Younger Dryas stadial.
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| 45. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Holocene retreat dynamics and stability of Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submarine glacial landforms in fjords are imprints of the dynamic behaviour of marine-terminating glaciers and are informative about their most recent retreat phase. Here we use detailed multibeam bathymetry to map glacial landforms in Petermann Fjord and Nares Strait, northwestern Greenland. A large grounding-zone wedge (GZW) demonstrates that Petermann Glacier stabilised at the fjord mouth for a considerable time, likely buttressed by an ice shelf. This stability was followed by successive backstepping of the ice margin down the GZW's retrograde backslope forming small retreat ridges to 680 m current depth (similar to 730-800 m palaeodepth). Iceberg ploughmarks occurring somewhat deeper show that thick, grounded ice persisted to these water depths before final breakup occurred. The palaeodepth limit of the recessional moraines is consistent with final collapse driven by marine ice cliff instability (MICI) with retreat to the next stable position located underneath the present Petermann ice tongue, where the seafloor is unmapped.
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| 46. |
- Jälmby, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Computationally Efficient Estimation of Multi-dimensional Damped Modes using Sparse Wideband Dictionaries
- 2018
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Ingår i: 26th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2018. - 9789082797015 ; , s. 1759-1763
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimating the parameters of non-uniformly sampled multi-dimensional damped modes is computationally cumbersome, especially if the model order of the signal is not assumed to be known a priori. In this work, we examine the possibility of using the recently introduced wideband dictionary framework to formulate a computationally efficient estimator that iteratively refines the estimates of the candidate frequency and damping coefficients for each component. The proposed wideband dictionary allows for the use of a coarse initial grid without increasing the risk of not identifying closely spaced components, resulting in a substantial reduction in computational complexity. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated using both simulated and real spectroscopy data, clearly showing the improved performance as compared to previous techniques.
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| 47. |
- Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering similar to 45.000 years of Arctic Ocean lithostratigraphic variability through multivariate statistical analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 514, s. 141-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our understanding of past climate conditions in the Arctic Ocean has been hampered by poor age control caused in part by low sedimentation rates (< 1 cm/kyr), hiatuses during glacial intervals as well as the scarcity and poor preservation of calcareous nanno-and microfossils in the sediments. Although recent advances using variations in single element (e.g. Mn) content or physical sediment properties (e.g. bulk density, grain size, colour) of the recovered sediments have aided Arctic core-to-core correlations, unique depositional events and post-depositional changes can complicate stratigraphic interpretations based on individual or even multiple, physical or chemical parameters. Furthermore, clear correlations between cores using physical and chemical parameters are not always possible to establish. To tackle this issue, we developed an algorithm that combines clustering and multivariate ordination to test the interrelation of multiple input parameters (e.g. an array of individual XRF elemental contents), and subsequently identifies statistically significant stratigraphic units on centimetre to decimetre scales. Our preliminary results show that a distinct sedimentological pattern during the past 45,000 years characterizes cores from the region of the Morris Jesup Rise and the Greenland side of the Lomonosov Ridge. Stratigraphic patterns of the Siberian Side of the Lomonosov Ridge yield distinct differences, thus allowing for novel insights into sedimentary processes shaping the different regions within the Arctic Ocean. We also argue that our approach can compensate for some of the weakness of single element or proxy applications, and hence aid the construction of a robust stratigraphic framework for a wide geographical range of Arctic Ocean sediments.
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| 48. |
- Kronvall, Ted, et al.
(författare)
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Sparse Multi-Pitch and Panning Estimation of Stereophonic Signals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th IMA International Conference on Mathematics in Signal Processing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel multi-pitch estimator for stereophonic mixtures, allowing for pitch estimation on multi-channel audio even if the amplitude and delay panning parameters are unknown. The presented method does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources present in the mixture, nor on the number of harmonics in each source. The estimator is formulated using a sparse signal framework, and an efficient implementation using the ADMM is introduced. Numerical simulations indicate the preferable performance of the proposed method as compared to several commonly used multi-channel single pitch estimators, and a commonly used multi-pitch estimator.
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| 49. |
- Lobkovsky, L. I., et al.
(författare)
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Recent geological-geomorphological processes on the east Arctic shelf : Results of the expedition of the icebreaker Oden in 2014
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oceanology. - 0001-4370 .- 1531-8508. ; 55:6, s. 926-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results obtained by the International Arctic marine expedition (SWERUS-C3) in June to October of 2014, using advanced seismoacoustic equipment, confirmed the wide distribution of potentially hazardous exogenic geological-geomorphological natural processes on the eastern Arctic shelf of Russia. In Arctic seas, serious hazards are represented by ice exaration and its consequences must be taken into consideration when developing oil and gas fields on the shelf. Many areas with anomalous gas saturation of sediments and gas seeps established in the region under consideration may represent global hazard: further increases in methane emissions may represent global risks. The minimization of these and other geological risks in constructing different technogenic objects on the shelf should be a first-priority task in the economic development of the Arctic region.
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| 50. |
- Lomac-MacNair, Kate, et al.
(författare)
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Seal Occurrence and Habitat Use during Summer in Petermann Fjord, Northwestern Greenland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Arctic. - : The Arctic Institute of North America. - 0004-0843 .- 1923-1245. ; 71:3, s. 334-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ice-associated seals are considered especially susceptible and are potentially the first to modify distribution and habitat use in response to physical changes associated with the changing climate. Petermann Glacier, part of a unique ice-tongue fjord environment in a rarely studied region of northwestern Greenland, lost substantial sections of its ice tongue during major 2010 and 2012 calving events. As a result, changes in seal habitat may have occurred. Seal occurrence and distribution data were collected in Petermann Fjord and adjacent Nares Strait region over 27 days (2 to 28 August) during the multidisciplinary scientific Petermann 2015 Expedition on the icebreaker Oden. During 239.4 hours of dedicated observation effort, a total of 312 individuals were recorded, representing four species: bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), hooded seal (Crystophora cristata), harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), and ringed seal (Pusa hispida). Ringed seals were recorded significantly more than the other species (chi(2) = 347.4, df = 3, p < 0.001, n = 307). We found significant differences between species in haul-out (resting on ice) behavior (chi(2) = 133.1, df = 3, p < 0.001, n = 307). Bearded seals were more frequently hauled out (73.1% n = 49), whereas ringed seals were almost exclusively in water (93.9%, n = 200). Differences in average depth and ice coverage where species occurred were also significant: harp seals and bearded seals were found in deeper water and areas of greater ice coverage (harp seals: 663 +/- 366 m and 65 +/- 14% ice cover; bearded seals: 598 +/- 259 m and 50 +/- 21% ice cover), while hooded seals and ringed seals were found in shallower water with lower ice coverage (hooded seals: 490 +/- 163 m and 38 +/- 19% ice cover; ringed seals: 496 +/- 235 m, and 21 +/- 20% ice cover). Our study provides an initial look at how High Arctic seals use the rapidly changing Petermann Fjord and how physical variables influence their distribution in one of the few remaining ice-tongue fjord environments.
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