| 1. |
- Gynne, Annaliina, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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MKL:s utlysningar av FoU-medel 2015-2018
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras en studie som tar avstamp i en satsning på samproducerad forskning och utveckling vid Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, Mälardalens högskola (numera Mälardalens universitet). I studien undersöks de idéer om samproduktion/samproducerad FoU som framträder i två utlysningar av finansiella medel för samproducerade forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt inom det utbildningsvetenskapliga fältet. Utlysningsomgångarna var initierade av lärosätets samverkansplattform för lärarutbildning, Mälardalens kompetenscentrum för lärande, MKL, och ägde rum 2015-2016 samt 2017-2018. Syftet med rapporten är att beskriva utlysningsprocesserna samt identifiera och analysera olika idéer om samverkan och samproducerad FoU som framträder i dessa. Detta har undersökts dels i relation till de övergripande utlysningsprocesserna, dels i relation till enskilda forskningsprojekt. I studien har ett omfattande textmaterial, som härstammar från utlysningsomgångarna, analyserats med hjälp av en deskriptiv och idéanalytisk ansats. Materialet delades upp på process- och projektdokumentation och analyserades utifrån syftet och de tre forskningsfrågorna: 1. Vilka idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan identifieras i dokumentationen, på process- och projektnivå?2. Hur beskrivs processer och deltagande aktörer, i termer av roller i samproduktion?3. Vilka förändringar gällande processer, roller och idéer om samproducerad forskning och utveckling kan urskiljas i dokumentationen över tid?Resultatredovisningen är uppdelad i två delar och följer utlysningsomgångarnas kronologi, dvs. analys av utlysningsomgång 1 efterföljs av analys av utlysningsomgång 2. I varje resultatkapitel presenteras först en analys av utlysningen på processnivå, efterföljt av en analys av projektnivå. I båda resultatkapitlen sammanfattas också resultaten.På processnivå framträder två idéer som centrala i och styrande för de två utlysningarna: samproduktion som metod samt samproduktion som delat ägarskap. På projektnivå har fyra övergripande idéer identifierats. Dessa är samproduktion som 1) nyttig för skolverksamhet, 2) nyttig för forskning och lärarutbildning, 3) ett vidare och kollektivt kunskapsbyggande samt 4) samproduktion som stärker samverkan. Dessa idéer och deras förekomst diskuteras i relation till ett antal kärnbegrepp inom samtida samverkansdiskurs. Även förändringar i processer, i samverkansaktörers rollbeskrivningar, och i hur idéerna framträder diskuteras. I slutsatser betonas bland annat vikten av att kunna handskas med utmaningar och att ta vara på möjligheter beträffande styrning av samproducerad FoU på processnivå, samt nödvändigheten av att lära av misslyckanden i samproduktion på både process- och projektnivå. Rapporten avslutas med fem rekommendationer för utveckling av framtida utlysningar av medel för FoU i samverkan.
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| 2. |
- Hajjari, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): comprehensive open-label trial in ten children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) has for many years been used on clinical indications, but the research evidence for its efficacy is insufficient. Methods Open-label prospective in-depth trial including ten children (median age 10.3 years) with PANS, who received IVIG treatment 2 g/kg monthly for three months. Primary outcomes were changes in symptom severity and impairment from baseline to first and second follow-up visits one month after first and one month after third treatment, using three investigator-rated scales: Paediatric Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptom (PANS) scale, Clinical Global Impression - Severity and Improvement (CGI-S and CGI-I) scales. Secondary outcomes reported here were changes in Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) scores, and side effects. Results All ten children received three treatments at one-month intervals according to study plan. From baseline to second follow-up marked reductions were seen in mean total PANS scale scores (p = .005), and CGI-S scores (p = .004). CGI-I ratings showed much to very much global improvement (mean CGI-I 1.8). Nine children had clinical response defined as > 30% reduction in PANS Scale scores. Improvements were also noted for CY-BOCS scores (p = .005), and in school attendance. Three children suffered moderate to severe temporary side effects after the first treatment, and the remaining seven had mild to moderate side effects. Side effects were much less severe after second and third treatments. Conclusions Considerable and pervasive improvements in symptoms and clinical impairments were seen in these ten children after three monthly IVIG treatments. Moderate to severe transient side effects occurred in three cases.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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An ecological study of chronic kidney disease in five Mesoamerican countries : associations with crop and heat
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Mesoamerica is severely affected by an epidemic of Chronic Kidney Disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), an epidemic with a marked variation within countries. We sought to describe the spatial distribution of CKDnt in Mesoamerica and examine area-level crop and climate risk factors.METHODS: CKD mortality or hospital admissions data was available for five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and linked to demographic, crop and climate data. Maps were developed using Bayesian spatial regression models. Regression models were used to analyze the association between area-level CKD burden and heat and cultivation of four crops: sugarcane, banana, rice and coffee.RESULTS: There are regions within each of the five countries with elevated CKD burden. Municipalities in hot areas and much sugarcane cultivation had higher CKD burden, both compared to equally hot municipalities with lower intensity of sugarcane cultivation and to less hot areas with equally intense sugarcane cultivation, but associations with other crops at different intensity and heat levels were not consistent across countries.CONCLUSION: Mapping routinely collected, already available data could be a first step to identify areas with high CKD burden. The finding of higher CKD burden in hot regions with intense sugarcane cultivation which was repeated in all five countries agree with individual-level studies identifying heavy physical labor in heat as a key CKDnt risk factor. In contrast, no associations between CKD burden and other crops were observed.
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| 4. |
- Jakobsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of movement was associated with sedentary behaviour 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery in patients with low back pain and degenerative disc disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - 1471-2474. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Movement behaviours, such as sedentary behaviour (SB) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), are linked with multiple aspects of health and can be influenced by various pain-related psychological factors, such as fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise. However, the relationships between these factors and postoperative SB and MVPA remain unclear in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative pain-related psychological factors and postoperative SB and MVPA in patients with low back pain (LBP) and degenerative disc disorder at6 and 12 months after lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Secondary data were collected from 118 patients (63 women and 55 men; mean age 46 years) who underwent lumbar fusion surgery in a randomised controlled trial. SB and MVPA were measured using the triaxial accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X+. Fear of movement, pain catastrophising and self-efficacy for exercise served as predictors. The association between these factors and the relative time spent in SB and MVPA 6 and 12 months after surgery was analysed via linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with relative time spent in SB at 6 and 12 months after surgery (β = 0.013, 95% confidence interval = 0.004 to 0.022, p = 0.007). Neither pain catastrophising nor self-efficacy for exercise showed significant associations with relative time spent in SB and MVPA at these time points. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that preoperative fear of movement was significantly associated with postoperative SB in patients with LBP and degenerative disc disorder. This finding underscores the potential benefits of preoperative screening for pain-related psychological factors, including fear of movement, preoperatively. Such screenings could aid in identifying patients who might benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthier postoperative movement behaviour and improved health outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Kemani, Mike K., et al.
(författare)
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Fear of Movement Is Related to Low Back Disability During a Two-Year Period in Patients Who Have Undergone Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery
- 2020
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Ingår i: World Neurosurgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-8750 .- 1878-8769. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate change in fear of movement and the relationship of fear of movement and pain intensity to low back disability and general health-related quality of life over a 2-year period. Methods: Consecutive patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery were included. In addition to clinical background variables, back pain intensity, fear of movement, low back disability, and general health-related quality of life were assessed at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze data. Results: In total, 348 patients were included in the final analyses. There was a significant reduction in fear of movement and a significant interaction between fear of movement and low back disability across assessments, showing that greater levels of fear of movement were related to greater levels of disability over the 2-year period. Similarly, greater levels of back pain intensity were related to lower levels of general health-related quality of life during this period. Conclusions: We found that greater levels of fear of movement were related to greater levels of low back disability, following lumbar spine surgery, in a longitudinal study. This shows the need to address fear of movement in prehabilitation/rehabilitation pre- or postsurgically to improve health outcomes for patients who undergo lumbar spine surgery. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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| 6. |
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Utbildningsvetenskapliga perspektiv på samverkan
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samverkan som begrepp och fenomen har blivit allt viktigare inslag för utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning, för lärarutbildning och för den pedagogiska praktiken. I Utbildningsvetenskapliga perspektiv på samverkan förs olika teoretiska, metodologiska och ämnesdidaktiska aspekter av samverkan inom utbildningsvetenskap fram. Antologin knyter samman dessa aspekter och bjuder in till reflektion och problematisering. Bokens målgrupp är studenter och lärare inom lärarutbildningar, men den är också relevant för lärarfortbildning, för yrkesverksamma inom skola och utbildningsförvaltningar samt för forskare och andra med intresse för samverkan inom utbildningssektorn. Den utgör ett pedagogiskt verktyg i diskussioner om samverkan genom att både inspirera och utmana. Antologin har sammanställts av tre samverkanslektorer vid Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation på Mälardalens universitet inom ramen för projektet ULF (Utveckling, Lärande, Forskning).
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| 7. |
- Zirakzadeh, A. Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Tumour-associated B cells in urothelial urinary bladder cancer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 91:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumour infiltrating B cells and CD38+ plasma cells have been correlated with survival in different malignancies but their role in urinary bladder cancer is unclear. IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine with both anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties, that can be released by regulatory B cells (Bregs). We have stained paraffin-embedded tumour sections from 31 patients with invasive urothelial urinary bladder cancer with respect to CD20+ B cells, CD38+ cells, IL-10-expressing cells, IgG, C1q and C3a and analysed the impact of these markers on survival. Interestingly, we observe tumour-associated CD20+ B cells forming follicle-like structures in tumours of some patients. We demonstrate that follicle-like structures, tumour-associated CD38+ cells, IL-10 produced by non-B cells, tumour infiltrating IgG and activation of the complement system, may associate to longer survival of urinary bladder cancer patients. IL-10 expression by tumour-associated Bregs may instead negatively affect prognosis. More research is needed to fully understand the role of B cells and IL-10 in urinary bladder cancer.
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| 8. |
- Åstrand, Max, et al.
(författare)
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A system for underground road condition monitoring
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. - : China University of Mining and Technology. - 2095-2686. ; 30:3, s. 405-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor road conditions in underground mine tunnels can lead to decreased production efficiency and increased wear on production vehicles. A prototype system for road condition monitoring is presented in this paper to counteract this. The system consists of three components i.e. localization, road monitoring, and scheduling. The localization of vehicles is performed using a Rao-Blackwellized extended particle filter, combining vehicle mounted sensors with signal strengths of WiFi access points. Two methods for road monitoring are described: a Kalman filter used together with a model of the vehicle suspension system, and a relative condition measure based on the power spectral density. Lastly, a method for taking automatic action on an ill-conditioned road segment is proposed in the form of a rescheduling algorithm. The scheduling algorithm is based on the large neighborhood search and is used to integrate road service activities in the short-term production schedule while minimizing introduced production disturbances. The system is demonstrated on experimental data collected in a Swedish underground mine.
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| 9. |
- Östh, Jan, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of THOR-50M Thoracic Injury Criteria by Population-based Accident Reconstructions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Conference proceedings International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury, IRCOBI. - 2235-3151. ; , s. 882-894
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several thoracic Injury Criteria (IC) and Injury Risk Functions (IRFs) have been proposed to relate THOR-50M chest deflections to the risk of rib fracture based on post mortem human subject tests. This study assessed the IC Rmax, PCScore, Dmax, DcTHOR, TICNFR and TICNSFR and their associated IRFs for their ability to predict the rib fracture risk of human occupants in stochastic population-based frontal impact accident reconstructions based on data from NASS/CDS. A THOR-50M finite element model was positioned in an occupant compartment model parameterised with respect to its interior geometry and restraint configuration. In addition, crash pulse characteristics and restraint activation times were parameterised, and 1,000 stochastic simulations were run. For the evaluated IC, the IRF values from each simulation were aggregated to a continuous curve with respect to delta velocity (ΔV). In general, the evaluated ICs and their IRFs overpredicted the risk of injury compared with rib fracture risk curves from the real-world crash data, except TICNSFR which was found to be too insensitive. The criterion that best matched the real-world crash data was PCScore, which had the closest match to the real-world data for the velocity at which 0.5 probability of AIS3+ rib fracture risk was predicted.
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