| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a multiplex chip-based assay for the detection of autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides
- 2012
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Ingår i: ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 14:5, s. R201-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Autoantibodies directed against citrullinated proteins/peptides (ACPAs) are highly specific and predictive for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Different subgroups of RA patients, which have different prognoses and may require different treatments, are characterized by different autoantibody profiles. The objective of this study was to develop a microarray for the detection of multiple RA-associated autoantibodies, initially focusing on responses against citrullinated epitopes on candidate autoantigens in RA. Methods: The microarray is based on Phadia's ImmunoCAP ISAC system, with which reactivity to more than 100 antigens can be analyzed simultaneously, by using minute serum volumes (<10 mu l). Twelve citrullinated peptides, and the corresponding native arginine-containing control peptides, were immobilized in an arrayed fashion onto a chemically modified glass slide, allowing a three-dimensional layer with high binding capacity. The assay was optimized concerning serum dilution and glass surface, whereas each individual antigen was optimized concerning coupling chemistry, antigen concentration, and selection of spotting buffer. The performance of each peptide in the ImmunoCAP ISAC system was compared with the performance in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Serum from 927 RA patients and 461 healthy controls from a matched case-control study were applied onto reaction sites on glass slides, followed by fluorescent-labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. Fluorescence intensities were detected with a laser scanner, and the results analyzed by using image-analysis software. Results: Strong correlations between the ImmunoCAP ISAC system and ELISA results were found for individual citrullinated peptides (Spearman rho typically between 0.75 and 0.90). Reactivity of RA sera with the peptides was seen mainly in the anticyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (CCP2)-positive subset, but some additional reactivity with single citrullinated peptides was seen in the anti-CCP2-negative subset. Adjusting for reactivity against arginine-containing control peptides did not uniformly change the diagnostic performance for antibodies against the individual citrullinated peptides. Conclusions: The multiplexed array, for detection of autoantibodies against multiple citrullinated epitopes on candidate RA autoantigens, will be of benefit in studies of RA pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potentially as a guide to individualized treatment.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Zirath, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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MYC inhibition induces metabolic changes leading to accumulation of lipid droplets in tumor cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 110:25, s. 10258-10263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MYC genes are the most frequently activated oncogenes in human tumors and are hence attractive therapeutic targets. MYCN amplification leads to poor clinical outcome in childhood neuroblastoma, yet strategies to modulate the function of MYCN do not exist. Here we show that 10058-F4, a characterized c-MYC/Max inhibitor, also targets the MYCN/Max interaction, leading to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and neuronal differentiation in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells and to increased survival of MYCN transgenic mice. We also report the discovery that inhibition of MYC is accompanied by accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets in tumor cells as a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. This study expands on the current knowledge of how MYC proteins control the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells, especially highlighting lipid metabolism and the respiratory chain as important pathways involved in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. Together our data support direct MYC inhibition as a promising strategy for the treatment of MYC-driven tumors.
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| 5. |
- Adler, Jan-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 715, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A description is given of the upgraded photon tagging facility at the MAX IV Laboratory. Two magnetic spectrometers are used to momentum analyze post-bremsstrahlung electrons. The tagged photon range extends from 10 to 180 MeV with an energy resolution of about 300 keV. The system has been operated at rates up to 4 x 10(6) photons s(-1) MeV (-1). Different diagnostic tools are described as well as the experimental program.
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| 6. |
- Alexanderson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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An Arctic perspective on dating Mid-Late Pleistocene environmental history
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 92, s. 9-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand Pleistocene climatic changes in the Arctic, integrated palaeoenvironmental andpalaeoclimatic signals from a variety of marine and terrestrial geological records as well as geochronologicage control are required, not least for correlation to extra-Arctic records. In this paper we discuss,from an Arctic perspective, methods and correlation tools that are commonly used to date ArcticPleistocene marine and terrestrial events. We review the state of the art of Arctic geochronology, withfocus on factors that affect the possibility and quality of dating, and support this overview by examples ofapplication of modern dating methods to Arctic terrestrial and marine sequences.Event stratigraphy and numerical ages are important tools used in the Arctic to correlate fragmentedterrestrial records and to establish regional stratigraphic schemes. Age control is commonly provided byradiocarbon, luminescence or cosmogenic exposure ages. Arctic Ocean deep-sea sediment successionscan be correlated over large distances based on geochemical and physical property proxies for sedimentcomposition, patterns in palaeomagnetic records and, increasingly, biostratigraphic data. Many of theseproxies reveal cyclical patterns that provide a basis for astronomical tuning.Recent advances in dating technology, calibration and age modelling allow for measuring smallerquantities of material and to more precisely date previously undatable material (i.e. foraminifera for 14C,and single-grain luminescence). However, for much of the Pleistocene there are still limits to the resolutionof most dating methods. Consequently improving the accuracy and precision (analytical andgeological uncertainty) of dating methods through technological advances and better understanding ofprocesses are important tasks for the future. Another challenge is to better integrate marine andterrestrial records, which could be aided by targeting continental shelf and lake records, exploringproxies that occur in both settings, and by creating joint research networks that promote collaborationbetween marine and terrestrial geologists and modellers.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Can the patient decide which modules to endorse? : an open trial of tailored internet treatment of anxiety disorders
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 1:40, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy commonly consists of disorder-specific modules that are based on face-to-face manuals. A recent development in the field is to tailor the treatment according to patient profile, which has the potential to cover comorbid conditions in association with anxiety and mood disorders. However, it could be that the patients themselves are able to decide what modules to use. The authors tested this in an open pilot trial with 27 patients with mixed anxiety disorders. Modules were introduced with a brief description, and patients could choose which modules to use. The exception was the two first modules and the last, which involved psychoeducation and relapse prevention. The treatment period lasted for 10 weeks. Results showed large within-group effect sizes, with an average Cohen’s d of 0.88. In a structured clinical interview, a majority (54%) had significantly improved 10 weeks after commencing treatment. Only one person dropped out. On the basis of results of this preliminary study, the authors suggest that the role of choice and tailoring should be further explored in controlled trials and that patient choice could be incorporated into Internet-delivered treatment packages.
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| 8. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 9. |
- Breton, Gwenna, et al.
(författare)
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Lactase Persistence Alleles Reveal Partial East African Ancestry of Southern African Khoe Pastoralists
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 24:8, s. 852-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to digest milk into adulthood, lactase persistence (LP), as well as specific genetic variants associated with LP, is heterogeneously distributed in global populations [1-4]. These variants were most likely targets of selection when some populations converted from hunter-gatherer to pastoralist or farming lifestyles [5-7]. Specific LP polymorphisms are associated with particular geographic regions and populations [1-4, 8-10]; however, they have not been extensively studied in southern Africa. We investigate the LP-regulatory region in 267 individuals from 13 southern African populations (including descendants of hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and agropastoralists), providing the first comprehensive study of the LP-regulatory region in a large group of southern Africans. The "East African" LP single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (14010G>C) was found at high frequency (>20%) in a strict pastoralist Khoe population, the Nama of Namibia, suggesting a connection to East Africa, whereas the "European" LP SNP (13910C>T) was found in populations of mixed ancestry. Using genome-wide data from various African populations, we identify admixture (13%) in the Nama, from an Afro-Asiatic group dating to >1,300 years ago, with the remaining fraction of their genomes being from San hunter-gatherers. We also find evidence of selection around the LCT gene among Khoe-speaking groups, and the substantial frequency of the 14010C variant among the Nama is best explained by adaptation to digesting milk. These genome-local and genome-wide results support a model in which an East African group brought pastoralist practices to southern Africa and admixed with local hunter-gatherers to form the ancestors of Khoe people.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Brink, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplex Analyses of Antibodies Against Citrullinated Peptides in Individuals Prior to Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 65:4, s. 899-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides has been demonstrated to precede the onset of symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by several years. The aim of this study was to analyze antibodies against 10 citrullinated autoantigen-derived peptides for reactivity before the onset of RA symptoms. Methods A casecontrol study was conducted within the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden. The study was performed in 409 individuals, 386 of whom donated 717 blood samples before the onset of symptoms of RA (pre-patients). The median period of time predating the onset of RA was 7.4 years. A total of 1,305 population-based control subjects were also studied. Antibodies to 10 citrullinated peptides, fibrinogen 573 (Fib573), Fib591, Fib3652, Fib72, Fib74, -enolase (citrullinated -enolase peptide 1 [CEP-1]), triple-helical type II collagen peptide C1 (citC1III), filaggrin, vimentin 217 (Vim217), and Vim6075, were analyzed using a microarray system. Results The fluorescence intensity of antibodies against Fib3652, Fib74, CEP-1, citC1III, and filaggrin was significantly increased in pre-patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). The levels of the earliest-detectable antibodies (Fib591 and Vim6075) fluctuated over time, with only a slight increase after the onset of disease. The frequency of antibodies against Fib3652, CEP-1, and filaggrin increased gradually, reaching the highest levels before symptom onset. The frequency of a cluster of antibodies, citC1III, Fib573, and Fib74, increased only slightly before the onset of symptoms but increased prominently after disease onset. The odds ratio for the development of RA in individuals expressing both CEP-1 and Fib3652 antibodies (using data from samples obtained <3.35 years predating symptom onset) was 40.4 (95% confidence interval 19.882.3) compared with having either antibody alone. Conclusion Development of an immune response toward citrullinated peptides is initially restricted but expands with time to induce a more specific response, with levels, particularly those of antibodies against CEP-1, Fib3652, and filaggrin, increasing during the predating time period closer to the onset of symptoms.
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| 12. |
- Broqvist, Mari, et al.
(författare)
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National Model for Transparent Prioritisation in Swedish Health Care : Reviderad version
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Det demokratiska samtalet och människors acceptans av nödvändiga prioriteringar förutsätter kunskaper om på vilka grunder prioriteringar görs, vilka möjligheter man som patient har att påverka dessa och vilka vägar man kan gå om man inte är nöjd med den gjorda prioriteringen. Hälso- och sjukvården har en skyldighet att utveckla metoder för att sådan information finns tillgänglig både för dem som är patienter idag och för dem som kan förväntas bli patienter i framtiden".Detta citat är hämtat ur den proposition som innehåller riktlinjerna för hur prioriteringar ska gå till inom hälso- och sjukvård. En ökad öppenhet kring de prioriteringar som alltid sker i sjukvården kräver instrument både för att kommunicera prioriteringar till medborgarna och för att kommunicera etiska överväganden och olika ställningstaganden mellan personer som ska göra prioriteringar. Behovet av ett systematiskt och enhetligt arbetssätt att göra prioriteringar på växte fram i slutet av 1990-talet i Landstinget i Östergötland. I samband med att Socialstyrelsen påbörjande arbetet med de första nationella riktlinjerna (för hjärtsjukvård) blev behovet av att ytterligare precisera och tydliggöra metoden för prioriteringar än mer tydligt. De allmänt beskrivna prioriteringsprinciperna i propositionen var inte tillräckliga för att vägleda mer praktiska arbeten och röster höjdes om en mer konkret beskrivning av arbete med att rangordna tillstånd och behov.Med tiden växte också ett behov fram i enskilda landsting och verksamheter att kunna använda erfarenheter från Socialstyrelsens sätt att ta fram prioriteringar i lokala prioriteringsarbeten.En arbetsgrupp med företrädare från Socialstyrelsen och Prioriteringscentrum, andra organisationer som arbetat med prioriteringar såsom Landstinget i Östergötland, Stockholms läns landsting, Västra Götaland, Södra sjukvårdsregionen, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, Svensk sjuksköterskeförening och Vårdförbundet tog 2006 fram det ursprungliga förslaget till en nationell modell för öppna vertikala prioriteringar. Förslaget förankrades hos myndigheter, yrkesförbund och personer med särskilda kunskaper inom området.
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| 13. |
- Broqvist, Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Nationell modell för öppna prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvård : Reviderad version
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Det demokratiska samtalet och människors acceptans av nödvändiga prioriteringar förutsätter kunskaper om på vilka grunder prioriteringar görs, vilka möjligheter man som patient har att påverka dessa och vilka vägar man kan gå om man inte är nöjd med den gjorda prioriteringen. Hälso- och sjukvården har en skyldighet att utveckla metoder för att sådan information finns tillgänglig både för dem som är patienter idag och för dem som kan förväntas bli patienter i framtiden".Detta citat är hämtat ur den proposition som innehåller riktlinjerna för hur prioriteringar ska gå till inom hälso- och sjukvård. En ökad öppenhet kring de prioriteringar som alltid sker i sjukvården kräver instrument både för att kommunicera prioriteringar till medborgarna och för att kommunicera etiska överväganden och olika ställningstaganden mellan personer som ska göra prioriteringar. Behovet av ett systematiskt och enhetligt arbetssätt att göra prioriteringar på växte fram i slutet av 1990-talet i Landstinget i Östergötland. I samband med att Socialstyrelsen påbörjande arbetet med de första nationella riktlinjerna (för hjärtsjukvård) blev behovet av att ytterligare precisera och tydliggöra metoden för prioriteringar än mer tydligt. De allmänt beskrivna prioriteringsprinciperna i propositionen var inte tillräckliga för att vägleda mer praktiska arbeten och röster höjdes om en mer konkret beskrivning av arbete med att rangordna tillstånd och behov.Med tiden växte också ett behov fram i enskilda landsting och verksamheter att kunna använda erfarenheter från Socialstyrelsens sätt att ta fram prioriteringar i lokala prioriteringsarbeten.En arbetsgrupp med företrädare från Socialstyrelsen och Prioriteringscentrum, andra organisationer som arbetat med prioriteringar såsom Landstinget i Östergötland, Stockholms läns landsting, Västra Götaland, Södra sjukvårdsregionen, Svenska Läkaresällskapet, Svensk sjuksköterskeförening och Vårdförbundet tog 2006 fram det ursprungliga förslaget till en nationell modell för öppna vertikala prioriteringar. Förslaget förankrades hos myndigheter, yrkesförbund och personer med särskilda kunskaper inom området.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Chasset, Camille, et al.
(författare)
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3-Axis magnetic control : flight results of the TANGO satellite in the PRISMA mission
- 2013
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Ingår i: CEAS Space Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-2502 .- 1868-2510. ; 5:1-2, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PRISMA implements guidance, navigation and control strategies for advanced formation flying and rendezvous experiments. The project is funded by the Swedish National Space Board and run by OHB-Sweden in close cooperation with DLR, CNES and the Danish Technical University. The PRISMA test bed consists of a fully manoeuvrable MANGO satellite as well as a 3-axis controlled TANGO satellite without any ΔV capability. PRISMA was launched on the 15th of June 2010 on board DNEPR. The TANGO spacecraft is the reference satellite for the experiments performed by MANGO, either with a "cooperative" or "non-cooperative" behaviour. Small, light and low-cost were the keywords for the TANGO design. The attitude determination is based on Sun sensors and magnetometers, and the active attitude control uses magnetic torque rods only. In order to perform the attitude manoeuvres required to fulfil the mission objectives, using any additional gravity gradient boom to passively stabilize the spacecraft was not allowed. After a two-month commissioning phase, TANGO separated from MANGO on the 11th of August 2010. All operational modes have been successfully tested, and the pointing performance in flight is in accordance with expectations. The robust Sun Acquisition mode reduced the initial tip-off rate and placed TANGO into a safe attitude in <30 min. The Manual Pointing mode was commissioned, and the spacecraft demonstrated the capability to follow or maintain different sets of attitudes. In Sun/Zenith Pointing mode, TANGO points its GPS antenna towards zenith with sufficient accuracy to track as many GPS satellites as MANGO. At the same time, it points its solar panel towards the Sun, and all payload equipments can be switched on without any restriction. This paper gives an overview of the TANGO Attitude Control System design. It then presents the flight results in the different operating modes. Finally, it highlights the key elements at the origin of the successful 3-axis magnetic control strategy on the TANGO satellite.
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| 16. |
- Eckerblad, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
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Symptom burden in stable COPD patients with moderate or severe airflow limitation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Heart & Lung. - : Elsevier. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 43:4, s. 351-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To describe a multidimensional symptom profile in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether symptom experience differed between patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations.BACKGROUND: Patients with severe airflow limitation experience numerous symptoms, but little is known regarding patients with moderate airflow limitation.METHODS: A multidimensional symptom profile (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale) was assessed in 42 outpatients with moderate and 49 with severe airflow limitations.RESULTS: The mean number of symptoms in the total sample was 7.9 (±4.3) with no difference between patients with moderate and severe airflow limitations. The most prevalent symptoms with the highest MSAS symptom burden scores were shortness of breath, dry mouth, cough, sleep problems, and lack of energy in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with moderate or severe airflow limitations experience multiple symptoms with high severity and distress. An assessment of their multidimensional symptom profile might contribute to better symptom management.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Edborg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Livsmedelsindustrins matavfall
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I studien har vi kartlagt uppkomst och hantering år 2009 av biprodukter och matavfall och jämförligt avfall från livsmedelsindustrin.Mängden matavfall uppgick till 534 000 ton och mängden biprodukter till 1 300 000 ton.Det mesta av avfallet har behandlats biologiskt genom rötning och kompostering, nämligen 288 000 ton respektive 93 000 ton, dvs. totalt 71 %. Endast 46 000 ton,8 %, behandlades genom förbränning eller deponering, medan resten behandlats genom annan typ av återvinning, t.ex. spannmålsrester till pellets, vegetabiliskt fett till biodiesel eller gödsel på åkrar. Det avfall som förbrändes var spannmålsavrens, animaliska biprodukter kategori 1 och mindre mängder av kasserade chips.Förutom det egentliga avfallet har det uppkommit stora mängder biprodukter inom livsmedelsindustrin, 1,3 miljoner ton. Övervägande del av biprodukterna har använts till djurfoder, 95 %. Biprodukterna uppkommer i de flesta delbranscher inom livsmedelsindustrin, såsom foder- eller gränsmjölk från mjölkindustrin, fisk- och skaldjursrens till minkfoder från fiskberedningsindustrin och slaktavfall från slakterier.Av resultatet kan man dra följande slutsatser:1. Det är 71 % som behandlas biologiskt samt ytterligare ca 5 % som kan användas som gödselmedel utan föregående behandling. Det är dock en relativt stor andel av återstående avfall där det är svårt att säga om biologisk behandling är lämpligaste metoden.2. Av det som används som bränsle eller materialåtervinns är det en del som möjligen skulle kunna behandlas biologiskt. Det skulle behövas ett klargörande av hur man ska ställa sig till torra energirika material (spannmålsavrens) eller fetter som används till bränsle. Är det beslutsfattarnas mening att detta ska behandlas biologiskt, eller är återvinning eller användning som bränsle en godtagbar behandling?I projektet ingick även att ta fram uppgifter avseende 2009 för att kunna användas till rapporteringen WStatR 2012. Förutom matavfall uppkom enligt denna undersökning 29 000 ton farligt och 879 000 ton icke-farligt avfall inom livsmedelsindustrin.
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| 19. |
- Elander, Louise, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclooxygenase-1 mediates the immediate corticosterone response to peripheral immune challenge induced by lipopolysaccharide
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuroscience letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7972 .- 0304-3940. ; 470:1, s. 10-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune-induced activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is mediated by cyclooxygenase derived prostaglandins. Here we examined the role of cyclooxygenase-1 in this response, by using genetically modified mice as well as pharmacological inhibition. We found that mice with a deletion of the gene encoding cyclooxygenase-1, in contrast to wild type mice, did not show increased plasma corticosterone at 1h after immune challenge by peripheral injection of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide, whereas the corticosterone levels were similarly elevated in both genotypes at 6h post-injection. Pretreatment of mice with the selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor SC-560, given orally, likewise inhibited the rapid corticosterone response. These findings, taken together with our recent demonstration that the delayed stress hormone response to immune challenge is dependent on cyclooxygenase-2, show that the two cyclooxygenase isoforms play distinct, but temporally supplementary roles for the stress hormone response to inflammation.
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| 20. |
- Friedrichsen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Does a Half-Day Course about Palliative Care Matter? A Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation among Health Care Practitioners
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Palliative Medicine. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1096-6218 .- 1557-7740. ; 16:5, s. 496-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To date there has been a paucity of research examining whether a course in palliative care influences the clinical work. Therefore a half-day course was started for different professionals. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjectives: The aims of this study were to quantitatively and qualitatively explore professionals experience of the usefulness and importance of such a course. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign: An evaluation study was used with two measurement points in the quantitative part; qualitative focus group interviews were conducted three times. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanSetting and Subjects: Data was collected in Sweden through structured and open-ended questions (n = 355) and in focus group discussions (n = 40). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The majority of participants were allied professionals (86%). Course evaluation immediately after the intervention showed high scores. At three months, 78% of the 86 participants who had cared for a dying patient since the course claimed that the course had been useful in their work. In addition, there were improvements regarding symptom management (37%), support to family members (36%), more frequent break point conversations (31%), and improved cooperation in the teams (26%). The qualitative analysis showed that the course made participants start to compare their own working experiences with the new knowledge. When returning to work, the participants feel strengthened by the the newly acquired knowledge, but the will to improve the care also led to frustration, as some of the participants described that they wanted to change routines in the care of the dying, but felt hindered. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: The course was appreciated and useful in the professionals work, but it also created problems.
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| 21. |
- Fryland, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of T-cell subsets in relation to disease course in experimental Borrelia burgdorferi infection
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resolution of Lyme borreliosis has previously been shown to be associated with a strong initial Th1 response, followed by a subsequent Th2 response, shutting off inflammation. We mapped markers for Th1, Th2, Th17, cytotoxic and T regulatory subsets in a murine model, where the outcome of Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) infection was altered by immune-deviation towards Th2 by exposure to a subtoxic dose of mercury. Twenty-one B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected (Bb), 21 immune-deviated B. burgdorferi s.s.-infected (BbId), and seven control C3H/HeN mice were sacrificed on days 15, 28 and 43 post-infection (p.i.) with B. burgdorferi s.s. BbId mice had increased joint swelling compared with Bb at the height of the disease (28 p.i.), and also showed a trend for increased spirochaetal load that became significant on day 43 p.i. BbId had an increased histopathology score on day 28 p.i. compared with both earlier and later time points. mRNA expression of IL-4 (p=0.018), IL-10 (p=0.018) and EBI-3 (p=0.009) decreased in Bb mice, but not in BbId, over the course of infection. A trend for higher expression of IL-12p40 mRNA in Bb mice compared with BbId was seen late in the disease course, while BbId showed trends for higher levels of Foxp3 and GM-CSF. At the protein level, BbId showed decreased levels of CXCL9 compared to the Bb group on day 15 p.i (p=0.007). Bb mice showed increases of CXCL9 and CXCL10 at all time points compared with day 0 p.i. (p≤0.014), whereas BbId mice showed an initial decrease in both chemokines at day 15 p.i. compared with day 0 (p≤0.008). In conclusion, both the clinical signs of infection and the trends for increased expression of pro-inflammatory GM-CSF and T-regulatory marker Foxp3 in BbId mice suggested ongoing inflammation. Although our findings support the need for a strong Th1 response followed by anti-inflammatory response for optimal resolution, the anti-inflammatory response seems to be more complex than only dampening the inflammation by a Th1-antagonistic Th2 response.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Instrument for Measuring Sleep Length and Television and Computer Habits of Swedish School-Age Children.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of School Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1546-8364 .- 1059-8405. ; 28, s. 138-143
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to develop a new instrument for measuring length of sleep as well as television and computer habits in school-age children. A questionnaire was constructed for use when children visit the school health care unit. Three aspects of the validity of the questionnaire were examined: its face validity, content validity, and construct validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed by giving the questionnaire twice, 2 weeks apart, to the respondents. The questionnaire was assessed as being reasonably valid, the test-retest results (n = 138) showing 90.4% of the estimates regarding bedtime on weeknights on the two survey occasions to lie within ± 30 min of each other, the test-retest agreement also being rather close (κ > .600) regarding both sleep and media habits. The instrument can be a valuable tool in a clinical setting, both for measuring sleep habits in a class and for discussing sleep with individual school children and their families.
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| 24. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight and television and computer habits in Swedish school-age children and adolescents : a cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 16:2, s. 143-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (6-16 years), and relationships between being overweight and sleep, experiencing of fatigue, enjoyment of school, and time spent in watching television and in sitting at the computer. Trained school nurses measured the weight and height of 2891 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, and 16, and distributed a questionnaire to them regarding television and computer habits, sleep, and enjoyment of school. Overweight, obesity included, was present in 16.1% of the study population. Relationships between lifestyle factors and overweight were studied using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Having a bedroom television and spending more than 2 h a day watching television were found to be associated with overweight (OR 1.26 and 1.55 respectively). No association was found between overweight and time spent at the computer, short sleep duration, enjoyment of school, tiredness at school, or difficulties in sleeping and waking up. It is recommended that the school health service discuss with pupils their media habits so as to promote their maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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| 25. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Overweight and television and computer habits in Swedish school-age children and adolescents : a cross-sectional study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Nursing and Health Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1441-0745 .- 1442-2018. ; 16:2, s. 143-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (6-16 years), and relationships between being overweight and sleep, experiencing of fatigue, enjoyment of school, and time spent in watching television and in sitting at the computer. Trained school nurses measured the weight and height of 2891 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, and 16, and distributed a questionnaire to them regarding television and computer habits, sleep, and enjoyment of school. Overweight, obesity included, was present in 16.1% of the study population. Relationships between lifestyle factors and overweight were studied using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Having a bedroom television and spending more than 2 h a day watching television were found to be associated with overweight (OR 1.26 and 1.55 respectively). No association was found between overweight and time spent at the computer, short sleep duration, enjoyment of school, tiredness at school, or difficulties in sleeping and waking up. It is recommended that the school health service discuss with pupils their media habits so as to promote their maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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| 26. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep and television and computer habits of Swedish school-age children
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of School Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1059-8405 .- 1546-8364. ; 28:6, s. 469-476
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate sleep, television and computer habits and enjoyment and feelings of tiredness in school of school-age children and adolescents in Sweden. An instrument found to be valid and reliable here was distributed to 3,011 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, and 16 years. Those sleeping less than the median length of time reported a significantly lower degree of enjoyment of school. Short sleep was found to be associated with having a bedroom TV, spending more than 2 hr a day at the TV or the computer, being tired in school, and having difficulties both in waking up and in sleeping. Discussing sleep and media habits with schoolchildren and their parents regarding matters of optimal sleep and of how media habits affect sleep and learning is seen to be an important task of the school health service.
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| 27. |
- Garmy, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Sleep and Television and Computer Habits of Swedish School-Age Children
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of School Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1546-8364 .- 1059-8405. ; 28:6, s. 469-476
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate sleep, television and computer habits and enjoyment and feelings of tiredness in school of school-age children and adolescents in Sweden. An instrument found to be valid and reliable here was distributed to 3,011 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, and 16 years. Those sleeping less than the median length of time reported a significantly lower degree of enjoyment of school. Short sleep was found to be associated with having a bedroom TV, spending more than 2 hr a day at the TV or the computer, being tired in school, and having difficulties both in waking up and in sleeping. Discussing sleep and media habits with schoolchildren and their parents regarding matters of optimal sleep and of how media habits affect sleep and learning is seen to be an important task of the school health service.
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| 28. |
- Gustafsson, Barbro, 1954-
(författare)
-
Undersökningar av sociovetenskapliga samtal i naturvetenskaplig utbildning
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis examines the potential of students’ group discussions in science education in the context of a communicative perspective on democracy and meaning-making. The group discussions in focus are about socioscientific issues (SSI), i.e. controversial and complex issues with scientific as well as sociological aspects. The philosophical works of John Dewey and Jürgen Habermas serve as the main theoretical underpinnings. Different types of empirical data were used for the qualitative analyses: policy documents, student teachers’ essays, student interviews and recorded group discussions between classmates.Attention is drawn to the twofold educational mission to ensure students’ subject knowledge and democratic growth, where the democracy aspect of this mission is in danger of being given secondary priority in science education. Deliberations about SSI are suggested as a possible way of bridging the gap between the two tasks. An ideal deliberation is characterised by democratic virtues such as sincerity, consideration, a critical review of what is otherwise taken for granted and an aspiration to seek agreement. SSIs facilitate theoretical, ethical and moral reflection and examine argumentation skills in a reflective and considerate way in order to lead to participation and the creation of meaning in mutual communication.Both the possibilities and shortcomings of deliberative-oriented group conversations were highlighted in the interviews with upper secondary school students involved in the socioscientific tasks. This then provided guidance for an extended study of SSI-deliberations among students, also from upper secondary school. An analysis tool, DEQUAL, was constructed in order to be in a position to assess their democratic and deliberative qualities.The overall results showed that students could maintain respectful and engaged conversations in which they jointly created and developed arguments. However, expressions of meaning-making in terms of insights and new-found experiences were scarce. Furthermore, the students seemed too eager to agree. Although the guidelines emphasised the importance of advancing various arguments, other students’ statements were rarely challenged. If SSI-conversations are to approach democratic and deliberative ideals and stimulate meaning-making, the participants must be prepared to exchange contrasting views. According to Habermas’ theory, when deliberating one relates to a subjective world of experiences, a social world of common agreements and an objective world of facts. Since both science and SSI contribute objective, factual dimensions, it is suggested that the deliberative idea might have a particular bearing on science education, since the conversations do not just revolve around personal opinions.It was concluded that the development of deliberative conversation skills requires careful, guided practice. It also became clear that the deliberative guidelines for seeking agreement and the teacher’s non-participation in the talks needed to be reviewed.
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| 29. |
- Gustavsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
0250 Occupational exposure and stroke - A critical review of chemical and physical exposures.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 93-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, exceeded only by coronary heart disease and cancer. There is substantial scientific literature on the association between occupational exposures and coronary heart disease, but much less is known about stroke. This systematic critical review was performed to assess the strength of evidence for causal associations between chemical and physical occupational exposures and stroke.
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| 30. |
- Hansson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between commuting and health outcomes in a cross-sectional population survey in southern Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The need for a mobile workforce inevitably means that the length of the total work day (working and traveling time) will increase, but the health effects of commuting have been surprisingly little studied apart from perceived stress and the benefits of physically active commuting. Methods: We used data from two cross-sectional population-based public health surveys performed in 2004 and 2008 in Scania, Sweden (56% response rate). The final study population was 21, 088 persons aged 18-65, working > 30 h/week. Duration (one-way) and mode of commuting were reported. The outcomes studied were perceived poor sleep quality, everyday stress, low vitality, mental health, self-reported health, and absence from work due to sickness during the past 12 months. Covariates indicating socioeconomic status and family situation, overtime, job strain and urban/rural residency were included in multivariate analyses. Subjects walking or cycling to work < 30 min were used as a reference category. Results: Monotonous relations were found between duration of public transport commuting and the health outcomes. For the category commuting > 60 min odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.2 - 1.6 for the different outcomes. For car commuting, the relationships were concave downward or flat, with increasing subjective health complaints up to 30-60 min (ORs ranging from 1.2 - 1.4), and lower ORs in the > 60 min category. A similar concave downward relationship was observed for sickness absence, regardless of mode of transport. Conclusions: The results of this study are concordant with the few earlier studies in the field, in that associations were found between commutation and negative health outcomes. This further demonstrates the need to consider the negative side-effects of commuting when discussing policies aimed at increasing the mobility of the workforce. Studies identifying population groups with increased susceptibility are warranted.
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| 31. |
- Hermansson, Monika, et al.
(författare)
-
MS analysis of rheumatoid arthritic synovial tissue identifies specific citrullination sites on fibrinogen.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proteomics - Clinical Applications. - : Wiley. - 1862-8354 .- 1862-8346. ; 4:5, s. 511-518
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine residues to citrulline catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases. Induced expression of citrullinated proteins are frequently detected in various inflammatory states including arthritis; however, direct detection of citrullination in arthritic samples has not been successfully performed in the past. Experimental design Citrullination of human fibrinogen, a candidate autoantigen in arthritis, was studied. Accurate identification of citrullinated fibrinogen peptides from rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue specimens was performed using accurate mass and retention time analysis. Results A peptide with the sequence ESSSHHPGIAEFPSRGK corresponding to amino acids 559-575 of fibrinogen a-chain was identified to be citrullinated with an occupancy rate between 1.4 and 2.5%. Citrullination of the peptide KREEAPSLRPAPPPISGGGYRARPAK corresponding to amino acids 52-77 of the fibrinogen beta-chain was identified with an occupancy rate of 1.2%. Conclusions and clinical relevance We report a proof of principle study for the identification of citrullinated proteins and within them, identification of citrullination sites and quantification of their occupancies in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients using high-resolution MS. Detailed studies on which molecules are citrullinated in arthritis can provide information about their role in immune regulation and serve as novel biomarkers and potentially even as therapeutic targets.
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| 32. |
- Idborg, Helena, et al.
(författare)
-
STRATIFICATION OF SLE PATIENTS FOR IMPROVED DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 72, s. A80-A80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) affect about 2% of the population in Western countries. Sufficient diagnostic criteria are lacking due to the heterogeneity within diagnostic categories and apparent overlap regarding symptoms and patterns of autoantibodies between different diagnoses. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is regarded as a prototype for SAIDs and we hypothesise that subgroups of patients with SLE may have different pathogenesis and should consequently be subject to different treatment strategies.Objectives. Our goal is to find new biomarkers to be used for the identification of more homogenous patient populations for clinical trials and to identify sub-groups of patients with high risk of for example cardiovascular events.Methods. In this study we have utilised 320 SLE patients from the Karolinska lupus cohort and 320 age and gender matched controls. The SLE cohort was characterised based on clinical, genetic and serological data and combined by multivariate data analysis in a systems biology approach to study possible subgroups. A pilot study was designed to verify and investigate suggested subgroups of SLE. Two main subgroups were defined: One group was defined as having SSA and SSB antibodies and a negative lupus anticoagulant test (LAC), i.e., a “Sjögren-like” group. The other group was defined as being negative for SSA and SSB antibodies but positive in the LAC test.i.e. an “APS-like” group. EDTA-plasma from selected patients in these two groups and controls were analysed using a mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic and metabolomic approach. Pathway analysis was then performed on the obtained data.Results. Our pilot study showed that differences in levels of proteins and metabolites could separate disease groups from population controls. The profile/pattern of involved factors in the complement system supported a division of SLE in two major subgroups, although each individual factor was not significantly different between subgroups. Complement factor 2 (C2) and membrane attack complex (MAC) were analysed in the entire cohort with complementary methods and C2 verifies our results while the levels of MAC did not differ between SLE subgroups. The generated metabolomics data clearly separated SLE patients from controls in both gas chromatography (GC)-MS and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS data. We found for example that tryptophan was lower in the SLE patients compared to controls.Conclusions. Our systems biology approach may lead to a better understanding of the disease and its pathogenesis, and assigning patients into subgroups will result in improved diagnosis and better outcome measures of SLE.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Jakobsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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0284 Occupational exposure and stroke - A critical review of shift work, and work-related psychosocial risk factors.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 71 Suppl 1, s. 100-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stroke is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, exceeded only by coronary heart disease and cancer, but there is still little knowledge on occupational risk factors. A systematic critical review was performed to assess the strength of evidence for causal associations between work-related psychosocial risk factors, shift work and stroke.
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| 37. |
- Jakobsson, Liselotte, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Patient reported outcome measure (PROM) of quality of life after prostatectomy : results from a 5-year study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1874-4346 .- 1874-4346. ; 7, s. 165-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Sweden, and treatment is negatively affecting the patients' quality of life. Even so, long term experiences are sparse and implications for nursing practice are little known. The aim of this study was to determine areas of functioning and factors impacting quality of life, QOL, during and five years after radical prostatectomy (RP) using a quality of life questionnaire and a specific module for prostate cancer. A longitudinal study was performed with consecutively included Swedish men from baseline and after RP treatment (n=222) from 2003 to 2011 to obtain their opinions on quality of life. Data was gathered through a mail out - mail in procedure at baseline, 3 months, 1-3 and 5 years after treatment with a response rate of 94.14% - 75.2%. One reminder was sent on each occasion. Identified areas with increased functioning after five years were emotional and social functioning. QOL ratings did not change over the years. Sexual activity and functioning decreased and hormonal treatment-related symptoms increased. Impact on QOL was found regarding emotional and social functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain and hormone-related symptoms. Increasing age, living with a partner and educational level had no significant impact on QOL. Implications for nursing are to initially focus on physical problems and at times for follow-up visits pay attention also to emotional and social aspects of life. To be able to make a difference in the patient's life, nurses need to bridge the gap between in-hospital treatment and everyday life outside hospital.
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| 38. |
- Jakobsson, Liselotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) of quality of life after prostatectomy : results from a 5-year study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The open nursing journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1874-4346. ; 7, s. 165-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in Sweden, and treatment is negatively affecting the patients' quality of life. Even so, long term experiences are sparse and implications for nursing practice are little known. The aim of this study was to determine areas of functioning and factors impacting quality of life, QOL, during and five years after radical prostatectomy (RP) using a quality of life questionnaire and a specific module for prostate cancer. A longitudinal study was performed with consecutively included Swedish men from baseline and after RP treatment (n=222) from 2003 to 2011 to obtain their opinions on quality of life. Data was gathered through a mail out - mail in procedure at baseline, 3 months, 1-3 and 5 years after treatment with a response rate of 94.14% - 75.2%. One reminder was sent on each occasion. Identified areas with increased functioning after five years were emotional and social functioning. QOL ratings did not change over the years. Sexual activity and functioning decreased and hormonal treatment-related symptoms increased. Impact on QOL was found regarding emotional and social functioning, nausea/vomiting, pain and hormone-related symptoms. Increasing age, living with a partner and educational level had no significant impact on QOL. Implications for nursing are to initially focus on physical problems and at times for follow-up visits pay attention also to emotional and social aspects of life. To be able to make a difference in the patient's life, nurses need to bridge the gap between in-hospital treatment and everyday life outside hospital.
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| 39. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Arctic Ocean glacial history
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 92, s. 40-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there are numerous hypotheses concerning glacial interglacial environmental and climatic regime shifts in the Arctic Ocean, a holistic view on the Northern Hemisphere's late Quaternary ice-sheet extent and their impact on ocean and sea-ice dynamics remains to be established. Here we aim to provide a step in this direction by presenting an overview of Arctic Ocean glacial history, based on the present state-of-the-art knowledge gained from field work and chronological studies, and with a specific focus on ice-sheet extent and environmental conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The maximum Quaternary extension of ice sheets is discussed and compared to LGM. We bring together recent results from the circum-Arctic continental margins and the deep central basin; extent of ice sheets and ice streams bordering the Arctic Ocean as well as evidence for ice shelves extending into the central deep basin. Discrepancies between new results and published LGM ice-sheet reconstructions in the high Arctic are highlighted and outstanding questions are identified. Finally, we address the ability to simulate the Arctic Ocean ice sheet complexes and their dynamics, including ice streams and ice shelves, using presently available ice-sheet models. Our review shows that while we are able to firmly reject some of the earlier hypotheses formulated to describe Arctic Ocean glacial conditions, we still lack information from key areas to compile the holistic Arctic Ocean glacial history.
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| 40. |
- Jay, Flora, et al.
(författare)
-
Anisotropic Isolation by Distance : The Main Orientations of Human Genetic Differentiation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 30:3, s. 513-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic differentiation among human populations is greatly influenced by geography due to the accumulation of local allele frequency differences. However, little is known about the possibly different increment of genetic differentiation along the different geographical axes (north-south, east-west, etc.). Here, we provide new methods to examine the asymmetrical patterns of genetic differentiation. We analyzed genome-wide polymorphism data from populations in Africa (n = 29), Asia (n = 26), America (n = 9), and Europe (n = 38), and we found that the major orientations of genetic differentiation are north-south in Europe and Africa, and east-west in Asia, but no preferential orientation was found in the Americas. Additionally, we showed that the localization of the individual geographic origins based on single nucleotide polymorphism data was not equally precise along all orientations. Confirming our findings, we obtained that, in each continent, the orientation along which the precision is maximal corresponds to the orientation of maximum differentiation. Our results have implications for interpreting human genetic variation in terms of isolation by distance and spatial range expansion processes. In Europe, for instance, the precise northnorthwest-southsoutheast axis of main European differentiation cannot be explained by a simple Neolithic demic diffusion model without admixture with the local populations because in that case the orientation of greatest differentiation should be perpendicular to the direction of expansion. In addition to humans, anisotropic analyses can guide the description of genetic differentiation for other organisms and provide information on expansions of invasive species or the processes of plant dispersal.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Karlsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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PRISMA IRIDES : PERFORMANCE AT THE END OF THE DRIFT PHASE & PLANNED RENDEZVOUS EXPERIMENTS
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 9th International ESA Conference on Guidance, Navigation & Control Systems, Oporto, Portugal.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PRISMA was launched on June 15, 2010 to demonstrate strategies and technologies for formation flying and rendezvous. OHB Sweden is the prime contractor for the project which is funded by the Swedish National Space Board with additional support from DLR, CNES, and DTU.PRISMA consists of two spacecraft: Mango and Tango. The Mango spacecraft is 3-axis stabilized and has a propulsion system providing full 3D orbit control. Tango is 3-axis stabilized with a solar magnetic control system and does not have orbit control capability. The two spacecraft were launched clamped together into a 700 km SSO and Tango was successfully separated from Mango on August 11, 2010.In April 2013, when both the nominal and extended mission phases were successfully completed, new objectives were assigned to the Mango spacecraft and the Tango spacecraft was shut down permanently. An eighteen month journey was started towards a new, non-cooperative space object to demonstrate rendezvous and inspection within an experiment called IRIDES (Iterative Reduction of Inspection Distance with Embedded Safety). The baseline rendezvous target is Picard.Since the start of IRIDES, the Mango spacecraft has completed a large series of optimized orbit manoeuvres that has put the spacecraft on a drift towards the new object. The rendezvous is expected in the second half of 2014 and will demonstrate optical relative navigation technologies and the characterization of the rendezvous object and its motion with the use of the on-board video system. The rendezvous strategy within IRIDES includes a series of collision free drift manoeuvres past the rendezvous object successively reducing the closest relative distance. The demonstrated technologies for this rendezvous are believed to play an important role in the future developments associated with space debris mitigation.The paper gives a brief introduction to PRISMA including a retrospective of the different achievements made in the mission. The paper then describes the optimized orbit manoeuvres made to acquire the drift orbit. The status of the drift finalization is then given where the initial manoeuvres performed to finalize the drift are described. The final part of the paper describes the planned activities within the rendezvous phase with focus on the IRIDES experiment.
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| 44. |
- Karlsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The PRISMA story : Achievements and final escapades
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 5th International Conference on Spacecraft Formation Flying Missions & Technologies, Munich, Germany.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Prisma mission is divided into four phases; the nominal mission, the extended mission, the external parties’ mission and the final mission. The milestones switching from one phase to the next are unique occasions that have brought the mission forward, whereof some were planned before the launch of the satellites and some were adaptations along with the development of the mission timeline. In particular, the current execution of the final phase contains Mango alone operation, which means Mango has abandoned Tango and has started a journey on its own for transfer to and rendezvous with a still to be decided space debris object. The rendezvous will be performed based upon TLE and angular measurements from the on-board camera and after the rendezvous a visual inspection and characterization of the object will be performed, utilizing the on board high resolution PR camera. This paper explains these milestones and the turn of events leading up to the events that were not planned. It also describes the past mission phases in a broader sense and the current final phase in more detail.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Kristiansen, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Work stress, worries, and pain interact synergistically with modelled traffic noise on cross-sectional associations with self-reported sleep problems
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 84:2, s. 211-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the risk of sleep problems associated with work stress (job strain, job demands, and decision authority), worries and pain and to investigate the synergistic interaction between these factors and traffic noise. Sleep problems and predictor variables were assessed in a cross-sectional public health survey with 12,093 respondents. Traffic noise levels were assessed using modelled A-weighted energy equivalent traffic sound levels at the residence. The risk of sleep problems was modelled using multiple logistic regression analysis. With regard to sleep problems not attributed to any external source (general sleep problems), independent main effects were found for traffic noise (women), decision authority (women), job strain, job demands, suffering from pain or other afflictions, worries about losing the job, experiencing bullying at work, having troubles paying the bills, and having a sick, disabled, or old relative to take care of (women). Significant synergistic effects were found for traffic noise and experiencing bullying at work in women. With regard to sleep problems attributed to traffic noise, strong synergistic interactions were found between traffic noise and, respectively, job demands (men), having pain or other afflictions, taking care of a sick, old, or disabled relative, and having troubles paying the bills. Main effects were found for worries about losing the job, experiencing bullying at work, job strain (men), and decision authority (men). Synergistic interactions could potentially contribute with 10-20% of the sleep problems attributed to traffic noise in the population. Work stress, pain, and different worries were independently associated with general sleep problems and showed in general no synergistic interaction with traffic noise. In contrast, synergistic effects between traffic noise and psychological factors were found with regard to sleep problems attributed to traffic noise. The synergy may contribute significantly to sleep problems attributed to traffic noise in the population.
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| 47. |
- Langhoff-Roos, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic medical birth registers - a potential goldmine for clinical research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 93:2, s. 132-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Nordic medical birth registers have long been used for valuable clinical research. Their collection of data for more than four decades offers unusual possibilities for research across generations. At the same time, serum and blotting paper blood samples have been stored from most neonates. Two large cohorts (approximately 100000 births) in Denmark and Norway have been described by questionnaires, interviews and collection of biological samples (blood, urine and milk teeth), as well as a systematic prospective follow-up of the offspring. National patient registers provide information on preceding, underlying and present health problems of the parents and their offspring. Researchers may, with permission from the national authorities, obtain access to individualized or anonymized data from the registers and tissue-banks. These data allow for multivariate analyses but their usefulness depends on knowledge of the specific registers and biological sample banks and on proper validation of the registers.
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| 48. |
- Li, Junrui, et al.
(författare)
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Joint analysis of demography and selection in population genetics : where do we stand and where could we go?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 21:1, s. 28-44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teasing apart the effects of selection and demography on genetic polymorphism remains one of the major challenges in the analysis of population genomic data. The traditional approach has been to assume that demography would leave a genome-wide signature, whereas the effect of selection would be local. In the light of recent genomic surveys of sequence polymorphism, several authors have argued that this approach is questionable based on the evidence of the pervasive role of positive selection and that new approaches are needed. In the first part of this review, we give a few empirical and theoretical examples illustrating the difficulty in teasing apart the effects of selection and demography on genomic polymorphism patterns. In the second part, we review recent efforts to detect recent positive selection. Most available methods still rely on an a priori classification of sites in the genome but there are many promising new approaches. These new methods make use of the latest developments in statistics, explore aspects of the data that had been neglected hitherto or take advantage of the emerging population genomic data. A current and promising approach is based on first estimating demographic and genetic parameters, using, e.g., a likelihood or approximate Bayesian computation framework, focusing on extreme outlier regions, and then using an independent method to confirm these. Finally, especially for species where evidence of natural selection has been limited, more experimental and versatile approaches that contrast populations under varied environmental constraints might be more successful compared with species-wide genome scans in search of specific signatures.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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