| 1. |
- Jansson, Jan-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Motivations- och emotionspsykologi
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aktivitet och relation : mål och medel inom psykosocial rehabilitering. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144048680 ; , s. 99-118
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Att förstå naturen - från vardagsbegrepp till kemi, sex "workshops"
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten behandlar hur elever förstår centrala aspekter av kemin. Först kommer tre workshops om materiens bevarande, byggnad respektive faser. Därefter tas blandning, lösning och vattnets kretslopp upp. Som avslutning kommer två workshops om ämnen respektive kemiska reaktioner.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Arvidson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Intervju med Iris Winroth från Västgötland
- 1980
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Interview with Iris Winroth, born in 1903. The interview was conducted by students of the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås, Margareta Arvidsson, Birgitta Byström, Ann-Sofi Cullhed, Katarina Gtanath, Lisa Isacson and Karin Jansson on September 9, 1980.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Barbu, Andreea R., et al.
(författare)
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A perfusion protocol for highly efficient transduction of intact pancreatic islets of Langerhans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 49:10, s. 2388-2391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful gene transfer to pancreatic islets might be a powerful tool for dissecting the biological pathways involved in the functional impairment and destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes. In the long run, such an approach may also prove useful for promoting islet graft survival after transplantation in diabetic patients. However, efficient genetic modification of primary insulin-producing cells is limited by the specific compact structure of the pancreatic islet. We present here a whole-pancreas perfusion-based transduction procedure for genetic modification of intact pancreatic islets. We used flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of in vitro and perfusion-based transduction protocols that use adenoviral and lentiviral vectors expressing green fluorescent protein. Islet cell viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and beta cell function was determined via glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In intact rat and human pancreatic islets, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors mediated gene transfer to about 30% of cells, but they did not reach the inner cellular mass within the islet core. Using the whole-pancreas perfusion protocol, we demonstrate that at least in rodent models the centrally located insulin-producing cells can be transduced with high efficiency, while preserving the structural integrity of the islet. Moreover, islet cell viability and function are not impaired by this procedure. These results support the view that perfusion-based transduction protocols may significantly improve the yield of successfully engineered primary insulin-producing cells for diabetes research.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Broström, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Leaving Boys Behind? The Gender Gap in Education among Children and Young People from Foreign Backgrounds 2010–2020: A Nordic Review
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report discusses the observed gender gap in education, i.e. that girls are performing better in the Nordic school system than boys, with a special focus on girls and boys with foreign backgrounds. The report is a knowledge overview of the latest research of the similarities and differences between the Nordic countries with regard to the situation and what has been done to help children with foreign backgrounds, especially boys, perform better in school. We want to identify what the Nordic countries can learn about the issue from their respective setbacks and positive advancements.
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| 17. |
- Broström, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Who are the In‑Work Poor? A Study of the Profile and Income Mobility Among the In‑Work Poor in Sweden from 1987 to 2016
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 165, s. 495-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the development, profile, and income mobility among individuals in in-work poverty in Sweden over a period of 30 years using data covering the entire population on a yearly basis from 1987 to 2016. By introducing a more solid work requirement that stretches over more time than the frequently used ‘seven-month rule’, we make sure that the in-work poor person in our study is mainly working. Our results show that the profile has changed: in 1987, the typical in-work poor person was a native-born single woman, but in 2016, they were a married man born outside of Sweden. When modelling income mobility over two 5-year periods, our results show that changes in household composition explain both upward and downward mobility and that it has become harder to change income position. Interpreting the results on a structural level, two conclusions can be drawn. As in-work poverty is no longer female-dominated, the Swedish policy for gender equality has been successful. As it is now closely connected with immigration status, the integration of immigrants into the labour market must improve.
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| 18. |
- Bukuluki, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Motives and career choices among Ugandan social work students
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 22:4, s. 712-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the fact that social work has quite a long history in countries such as Uganda, there are few studies available about social work students’ motives and career wishes. The intention of this article is to start to fill this gap by using some of the motives explored in studies of European social work students and to compare them with those of Ugandan social work students. The data used draws on 149 students at the department of Social Work and Social Administration, Makerere University. It is based on a mix methods study using a survey and focus group discussions. The majority of social work students come from urban or semi-urban areas. Some students choose a programme where they are certain to get a scholarship. There was generally a positive relationship between interest and perceived status of the social work area. Those areas that scored high on interest were also rated highly in terms of status. Therapy and counselling, education and research, and health social work were ranked high, while social work with the elderly, abused and with poor people and social assistance ranked low. Social work students in Uganda do not expect to get a social work job after their graduation.
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| 19. |
- Bülow, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenal incidentaloma - follow-up results from a Swedish prospective study
- 2006
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 154:3, s. 419-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the risk of developing adrenal carcinomas and clinically overt hypersecreting tumours during short-term follow-up in patients with adrenal incidentalomas. DESIGN: 229 (98 males and 131 females) patients with adrenal incidentalomas were investigated in a prospective follow-up study (median time 25 months; range 3-108 months). The patients were registered between January 1996 and July 2001 and followed until December 2004. Twenty-seven Swedish hospitals contributed with follow-up results. METHODS: Diagnostic procedures were undertaken according to a protocol including reinvestigation with computed tomography scans after 3-6 months, 15-18 months and 27-30 months, as well as hormonal evaluation at baseline and after 27-30 months of follow-up. Operation was recommended when the incidentaloma size increased or if there was a suspicion of a hypersecreting tumour. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis of the 229 patients included in the follow-up study was 64 years (range 28-84 years) and the median size of the adrenal incidentalomas when discovered was 2.5 cm (range 1-8 cm). During the follow-up period, an increase in incidentaloma size of > or =0.5 cm was reported in 17 (7.4%) and of > or =1.0 cm was reported in 12 (5.2%) of the 229 patients. A decrease in size was seen in 12 patients (5.2%). A hypersecreting tumour was found in 2% of the hormonally investigated patients: Cushing's syndrome (n = 2) and phaeochromocytoma (n = 1). Eleven patients underwent adrenalectomy, but no cases of primary adrenal malignancy were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with adrenal incidentaloma had a low risk of developing malignancy or hormonal hypersecretion during a short-term follow-up period.
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| 20. |
- Carlsson, Per-Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon monoxide and pancreatic islet blood flow in the rat : inhibition of haem oxygenase does not affect islet blood perfusion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 66:7, s. 543-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To determine whether carbon monoxide, a known gaseous vasorelaxator, affects pancreatic islet blood flow in rats. Material and methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized with thiobutabarbital and injected intravenously with the haem oxygenase inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin IX dichloride ( SnPP; 4, 10 or 20 mg/kg body-weight). After 15 min, blood flow measurements were performed using a microsphere technique. Results. There was a slight increase in mean arterial blood pressure with the highest dose of SnPP. No effects on total pancreatic, islet, duodenal, colonic, renal or adrenal blood flow were seen with any of the applied doses. Conclusions. The findings of this study suggest that the haem oxygenase-carbon monoxide system is likely to be of limited importance in the regulation of blood perfusion to the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans or any of the other studied organs.
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| 21. |
- Chen, Hongjian
(författare)
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Exploring Polymer-Shelled Microbubbles: Detection Modeling and Application
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ultrasound imaging (US) is widely used in clinical practice. Given the low cost and easy access to the ultrasound machine, US has a great potential to improve the health care condition for the majority of the population in the world. The US could be significantly improved by injecting ultrasound contrast agents to opacify the bloodstream. The polymer-shelled microbubbles (MB) are promising candidates for the next generation ultrasound contrast agent. In the current doctoral work, one of the polymer-shelled MBs, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MB was investigated.In Study I and Study II, I developed a novel contrast pulse sequence, CPS4, to efficiently detect the PVA MBs. The CPS4 is a combination of the sub-harmonic (SH), ultra-harmonic, and pulse inversion techniques. The comparison of the performance of each individual technique and CPS4 was carried out in a tissue-mimicking phantom. The CPS4 demonstrated the highest contrast-to-tissue ratio among all four imaging techniques. However, the SH response of the CPS4 was not fully excited. The high SH pressure threshold, above which the SH response is generated, was suspected to be the reason for the weak SH signal. Therefore, I wanted to optimize the performance of the CPS4 for the PVA MBs detection by boosting the SH signal. The optimization strategy was to lower the frequency-dependent SH threshold by setting the SH excitation frequency, which is the frequency of the ultrasound wave that excites the SH response, at the damped resonance frequency of the PVA MBs. To estimate the damped resonance frequency, a mathematical model based on the Church’s model with frequency-dependent material properties was proposed. The mechanical parameters of the new model were estimated by fitting the measured attenuation coefficient of the PVA MBs suspension with the simulated one. The calibrated model was employed to predict the damped resonance frequency of the PVA MBs, i.e., the optimized SH excitation frequency for the CPS4. The performance of the CPS4 was evaluated in-vitro, driving the system at four SH excitation frequencies in the proximity of the damped resonance frequency of the PVA MBs suspension. The best performance was observed at the SH excitation frequency of 11.25 MHz, which is in line with the simulated damped resonance frequency of 10.85 MHz. The in vitro experiment also revealed that the small particles constituting the artificial blood solution might interact with the PVA MBs and decreased the response echoes in a nonlinear and frequency-dependent fashion. Thus, more efforts are needed to move our model-guided optimization methods for the CPS4 towards clinical application.In Study III, I modified the PVA MBs to support the dual-modal imaging of CT and US. The main idea of the modification is to incorporate the gold nanoparticles with the PVA MBs. The success of the modification is dependent on the amount of the gold nanoparticles carried by the modified PVA MBs. Two routes were proposed to fabricate candidates that support dual-modal imaging. In the first route, the gold nanoparticles were added during the fabrication of PVA MBs. Thus, the gold nanoparticles were embedded in the PVA shell during its formation (candidate named AuNP-S-MB). In the second route, the gold nanoparticles were loaded into the core of the PVA MBs, substituting air by increasing the permeability (candidate named AuNP-Capsule). The CT revealed an insignificant amount of gold nanoparticles was embedded in the shell of AuNP-S-MB, while detectable gold nanoparticles were loaded into AuNP-Capsule. Moreover, the CT-number of the surrounding liquid of AuNP-Capsule is low, i.e., the gold nanoparticles were locked in the AuNP-Capsule, making the second route a promising step towards the further development of the dual-modal contrast agent for CT and US.In Study IV, I studied the effect of PVA MBs on the cavitation flows in microscale. The cavitation in clinical practices generates great pressure, which might be harmful and damage cells or beneficial and facilitate the treatment. A better understanding of cavitation generation mechanisms could avoid harmful cavitation, increase the safety of the clinical protocol, and increase the therapeutic cavitation, empower the treatments. Therefore, the effect of PVA MBs on cavitation is of great interest. More specifically, the effect of PVA MBs on the hydrodynamic cavitation was studied. Three microfluidic devices with different wall roughness and structure were fabricated. Two working fluids, PVA MBs suspension and water, were driven with controlled pressure through different microfluidic devices. The high-speed visualization revealed that the PVA MBs trigger the inception of hydrodynamic cavitation at a lower upstream pressure and enhance the cavitation flow in all three microfluidic devices. Furthermore, it takes a longer time for the cavitation bubbles to disappear in the PVA MB suspension.To conclude the doctoral work, I developed a novel detection sequence, CPS4, optimized it for PVA MBs with a model-guided method, modified the PVA MB to extend its application, and studied the effect of PVA MB on hydrodynamic cavitation. The work promotes the PVA MBs for pre-clinical study, as well as provides an insight into the studies of other clinically approved ultrasound contrast agents. The methodology developed and presented within the thesis can be transferred to other clinically approved ultrasound contrast agents. For instance, the CPS4 and model-guided optimization method could be employed to improve CPS4 to other ultrasound contrast agents.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Delshammar, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Stadsodling – reflektioner och perspektiv från SLU Alnarp
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är uppenbart att det mediala intresset för stadsodling har vuxit påtagligt de senaste åren. En sökning i databasen Retriever visar en ökande användning av begreppet ”urban odling” och en starkt ökande användning av ordet “stadsodling”. Olika medier påverkar så klart varandra. Radioprogrammet Odla med stadsgrönt började sändas våren 2009. Medier påverkar politiken som i sin tur påverkar medier. Den förste oktober 2009 lämnades motionen ”Stadsodling viktig i hållbara städer” in till riksdagen. Såväl media som politik påverkar och påverkas av praktiken. Våren 2009 började projektet Barn i stan odla i stadsdelen Seved i Malmö, ett projekt som uppmärksammats flitigt i media. Samma år började organisationen Stadsjord odla i stadsdelen Högsbo i Göteborg, även det flitigt uppmärksammat i media. Den statliga Delegationen för hållbara städer har beviljat bidrag till åtminstone fyra planeringsprojekt med inriktning mot stadsodling: SLU (sökt 2009), Plantagon (två projekt sökta 2010) samt Falun kommun (sökt 2012). Även investeringsprojekt har haft inslag av stadsodling, till exempel Malmö stads ansökan “Hållbar stadsomvandling Malmö, Fokus Rosengård” ( sökt 2010). Stadsodling finns med som ett inslag i flera aktuella stadsförnyelse- och stadsbyggnadsprojekt. Det har fått fungera som en symbol för kombinationen av ekologisk och social hållbarhet. En viktig fråga att reflektera över är därför hur hållbar stadsodling är. Vad kan vi ha för nytta av stadsodling? Hur kan odling ta plats i städerna? Hur kan vi stadsodla på ett hållbart sätt?
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| 24. |
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Den Glokala utmaningen
- 2002
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordet globalisering associerar ofta till maktlöshet. Människors livsvillkor styrs från alltmer avlägsna och svårpåverkade maktcentra. Men i denna bok prövas en annan ansats: i en globaliserad värld blir de faktorer som skapar ekonomisk framgång allt mer lokala. I Den glokala utmaningen hävdas att ekonomisk tillväxt alltför ofta diskuteras utifrån ett snävt företagsekonomiskt kostnadsperspektiv. I den moderna ekonomin handlar ett gott företagsklimat snarare mer och mer om hur de sociala och institutionella förutsättningarna förmår understödja tillit och samverkan mellan företag, anställda och myndigheter. Dessa tillväxtens nya förutsättningar pekar på vikten av att olika samhällssektorer möts i en öppen, lokalt förankrad dialog. Detta har varit utgångspunkten för samtal mellan företrädare för näringslivet, facket och forskarvärlden i Västsverige under 2001-2002. Antologin "Den glokala utmaningen" är resultatet av dessa diskussioner.
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| 25. |
- Eklund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-sectional study addressing the importance of work and other everyday activities for well-being among people with mental illness: does additional vulnerability matter?
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Work and other everyday activities are beneficial for well-being among people with mental illness, but poor circumstances can create detrimental effects, possibly aggravated by additional vulnerabilities linked with their mental illness. This study aimed to investigate how activity factors were related to well-being and functioning among three vulnerable groups using outpatient mental health care - young people with psychosis, people with a history of substance use disorder (SUD), and immigrants with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - while controlling for vulnerability group, age and gender. Methods Participants represented the three types of vulnerability (n = 46/57/39). Data collection, using self-report and interviewer-rated questionnaires, concerned aspects of everyday activity (work experiences; views of the worker role; satisfaction with everyday occupations; activity level), well-being (quality of life: life and health; quality of life: environmental aspects; recovery) and functioning (psychosocial functioning; symptom severity). Spearman correlations and General Linear Modelling were used. Results Activity satisfaction was positive (p < 0.001) but recent work experience negative (p = 0.015) for the life and health aspect of quality of life. Activity satisfaction was positive for the environmental aspects of quality of life (p < 0.001). Resources for having a worker role (p < 0.001) and belief in having a future worker role (p = 0.007) were positively associated with better recovery. Activity level (p = 0.001) and resources for having a worker role (p = 0.004) showed positive associations with psychosocial functioning. Belief in a future worker role (p = 0.011) was related with symptom level. Women had less severe symptoms in the young group with psychosis. Regarding vulnerability group, young people with psychosis perceived better quality of life; those with a history of SUD had less severe psychiatric symptoms; and the recent immigrants with PTSD had the highest level of psychosocial functioning. Conclusion Work experience may not be conducive to well-being in itself; it is satisfaction with work and other activities that matters, and worker and employer expectations need alignment. No vulnerability group seemed consistently more disadvantaged regarding well-being and functioning, but the fact that differences existed is vital to acknowledge in activity-based rehabilitation. Inquiring about meaningful activities and providing opportunities for executing them would be a fruitful way of support.
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| 26. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of activity-based assessment (BIA) compared with standard assessment in occupational therapy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:4, s. 196-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed at investigating the outcomes of an activity-based assessment (BIA) compared with standard assessment (SA) for evaluating clients undergoing psychiatric occupational therapy. Patients admitted to a psychiatric occupational therapy unit were randomized into the BIA or the SA assessment. The outcome indicators were (a) clients' satisfaction with the occupational therapy during the assessment period, (b) clients' awareness of capacities and occupational problems, (c) satisfaction with the assessment among the referring physicians, and (d) outcomes of the intervention following the assessment, in terms of changes in occupational performance and satisfaction. The groups did not differ in awareness of occupational problems, but the BIA group was more satisfied than the SA group with the support of their contact person and with the group leader during the period of assessment. Furthermore, physicians receiving feedback on patients in the BIA group were more satisfied than those receiving feedback on patients in the SA group. However, the groups did not differ concerning change during the treatment period in occupational performance or satisfaction. Thus, there was no difference between the assessment methods regarding the outcomes of the treatment following assessment. Minor advantages from the patients' perspective were found, in terms of better satisfaction in the BIA group, and from the referring physicians' perspective the BIA clearly seemed more satisfying than the SA. Thus, the findings showed that the BIA possessed better qualities than the SA regarding the indicators pertaining to satisfaction, but not concerning awareness of capacities and problems or the outcome of the subsequent treatment.
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| 27. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Work experiences, resources, and beliefs among vulnerable subgroups of mental health care users
- 2021
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 70:1, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with mental illness may have difficulties related to work and employment, especially if they experience additional difficult life situations.OBJECTIVE: To explore how subgroups with mental illness and additional adversities perceived their situation with respect to work and employment prospects.METHODS: Three subgroups were included, exposed to an additional difficult life situation: i) psychosis interrupting their career development at young age (n = 46), ii) having a history of substance use disorder (SUD) (= 57) or iii) having recently immigrated (n = 39). They responded to questionnaires addressing sociodemographics, work-related factors, everyday activity, and well-being. A professional assessed their level of functioning and symptom severity.RESULTS: The young people with psychosis had a low education level, little work experience, the poorest worker role resources, and a low level of functioning, but a high quality of life. The SUD group had the fewest work experiences, were the least satisfied with work experiences, and had the lowest activity level, but had the least severe psychiatric symptoms. The immigrant group had severe psychiatric symptoms, but high ratings on work experiences, work resources, and activity level.CONCLUSIONS: Each group presented unique assets and limitations pertaining to work and employment, suggesting that they also needed unique support measures.
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| 28. |
- Eklund, M., et al.
(författare)
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Work experiences, resources, and beliefs among vulnerable subgroups of mental health care users
- 2021
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Ingår i: Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815. ; 70:1, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People with mental illness may have difficulties related to work and employment, especially if they experience additional difficult life situations. OBJECTIVE: To explore how subgroups with mental illness and additional adversities perceived their situation with respect to work and employment prospects. METHODS: Three subgroups were included, exposed to an additional difficult life situation: i) psychosis interrupting their career development at young age (n = 46), ii) having a history of substance use disorder (SUD) ( = 57) or iii) having recently immigrated (n = 39). They responded to questionnaires addressing sociodemographics, work-related factors, everyday activity, and well-being. A professional assessed their level of functioning and symptom severity. RESULTS: The young people with psychosis had a low education level, little work experience, the poorest worker role resources, and a low level of functioning, but a high quality of life. The SUD group had the fewest work experiences, were the least satisfied with work experiences, and had the lowest activity level, but had the least severe psychiatric symptoms. The immigrant group had severe psychiatric symptoms, but high ratings on work experiences, work resources, and activity level. CONCLUSIONS: Each group presented unique assets and limitations pertaining to work and employment, suggesting that they also needed unique support measures.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Eriksson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Large improvements in major cardiovascular risk factors in the population of northern Sweden : the MONICA study 1986–2009
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 269:2, s. 219-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. The incidence of cardiovascular disease has declined rapidly in Sweden since the 1980s. We explored changes in major cardiovascular risk factors in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2009.Design. Since 1986, six population surveys have been carried out in northern Sweden using procedures of the World Health Organization MONICA project. The population age range was 25–64 years in 1986 and 1990, and 25–74 years from 1994. Trends were analysed using generalized linear models.Results. A total of 10 586 subjects were included in the surveys. Blood pressure decreased by 4.9/3.9 mmHg in women and 1.8/1.5 mmHg in men aged 25–64 years between 1986 and 2009. In men and women aged 65–74 years, the decrease was 12.6/6.1 mmHg between 1994 and 2009. From 1994, the use of blood pressure‐lowering drugs increased, particularly among the older subgroup. The prevalence of smoking halved between 1986 and 2009; 11% of women and 9% of men were smokers in 2009. Cholesterol levels decreased by 0.9 mmol L−1 in the younger age group (25–64 years), and the use of lipid‐lowering agents increased from 1994. Among subjects aged 25–64 years, one in five was obese in 2009, which was twice as many as in 1986, and body mass index (BMI) increased by 1.5 kg m−2, corresponding to an increase in weight of 4 kg. There was no further increase in BMI from 2004. The prevalence of diabetes did not change between 1986 and 2009. The proportion that received a university education increased markedly in all age groups, especially in women, during the study period.Conclusions. Significant improvements were observed in major cardiovascular risk factors in northern Sweden between 1986 and 2009.
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| 31. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of crude protein intake from forage-only diets on muscle amino acids and glycogen levels in horses in training
- 2010
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Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42, s. 341-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Reasons for performing study:There is little information about the influence of crude protein (CP) intake on glycogen and free pool amino acid concentrations in the muscle of horses in training. High energy forage-only diets may be an alternative to concentrate rich diets and may provide high levels of CP.Objective:To study the effect of feeding 2 forage-only diets, containing either high or moderate CP concentrations on glycogen and free pool amino acid concentrations in the muscle.Materials and methods:Two high energy forage-only diets based on high-energy grass forage were fed for 23 days in a crossover design to 6 Standardbred horses in racing condition. One forage diet provided a high (HP) CP (16.6%) intake and the other diet provided recommended intake (RP) of CP (12.5%). At Day 19 a standardised treadmill test was performed to mimic a race. Blood samples were taken before, during and after (up to 90 min) the treadmill test and muscle biopsies (m. gluteus) were taken before and after exercise and after 90 min. Amino acids were analysed with a HPLC-technique and glycogen with a fluorimetric method.Results:A main effect of the HP diet was that muscle glycogen and leucine concentrations were higher compared to the RP diet. Branched chain amino acid concentrations in plasma remained higher during early recovery from exercise on the HP diet compared to the RP diet. Intense exercise caused a similar decrease in glycogen, aspartate and glutamate concentrations in muscle and increase in alanine concentration on both diets.Conclusion:Feeding a forage-only diet with a high CP intake increases glycogen and leucine concentrations in muscle of horses in training. This may be beneficial for muscle recovery following intensive exercise.
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| 32. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of feed deprivation on Standardbred horses fed a forage-only diet and a 50:50 forage-oats diet
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 42, s. 335-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P>Reasons for performing study:A higher forage allowance to athletic horses might be an alternative to increase health and the gut fluid reservoir. However, more forage might increase bodyweight (bwt) and could therefore be a limitation during competition.Objectives:To investigate the effect of a forage-only diet (FD) compared to a 50:50 (dry matter basis) forage:oats diet (OD) on bwt, plasma protein concentration and some metabolic plasma parameters during 12 h of feed deprivation.Methods:Twelve adult Standardbred horses in training were used. The 2 diets were fed in 2 experimental periods of 3 weeks each in a crossover design. The last day of each period the horses were fasted for 12 h. The horses were weighed and their water intake measured every day during the trial and every hour during the 12 h feed deprivation. During feed deprivation total plasma protein (TPP), insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, glucose and acetate concentrations were analysed.Results:Bwt and water intake was higher on FD compared to OD. Bwt loss was higher during feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. TPP was lower before and during the last 8 h of feed deprivation on FD compared to OD. Plasma insulin was lower on FD than on OD at feeding and for 5 h during feed deprivation. Plasma NEFA and urea increased on both diets during feed deprivation. Plasma glucose was not affected by diet or feed deprivation.Conclusion:High energy forage diets could be an alternative to high grain diets for athletic horses. The small increase in bwt on FD diminished with feed deprivation and the low TPP concentration indicate a greater potential to use an internal fluid compartment to maintain plasma volume.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Feldmann Eellend, Beate, 1971-
(författare)
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Visionära planer och vardagliga praktiker : Postmilitära landskap i Östersjöområdet
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the years after WWII the Baltic Sea Area developed into an area strongly divided between East and West. Because of the tensions between the blocs, the coastal areas where strongly militarized and prepared for war.The new political situation after 1989 propelled an international military disarmament and closing down of bases, training areas around Europe. Since the Baltic Sea Area was one of the heaviest militarized part of Europe the question of disarmament here is of particularly great economic, social and cultural importance.This study is about the post-military landscape in the Baltic Sea Area with examples from Dejevo on the Estonian island Saaremaa, Dranske on the (East)German island Rügen and Fårösund on the Swedish island Gotland.The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the process where the military landscape of the Cold War is transformed in order to be incorporated in the macro-regional endeavors for unity in the new Europe. I want to analyze the implications that planning visions have on the everyday life of people. A following aim is to shed light on the challenges that urban planning has to face in this transformation. Three research questions frame the study. The first question analyzes the process where the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea after the end of the Cold War are disarmed and transformed, from a landscape of production of military services and objects into a landscape of consumption for recreation and tourism. The second question takes its point of departure in the relation between planning visions and everyday life. The third question concerns the matter of the past and analyzes what aspects of the military landscape are emphasized respectively pushed aside in the transformation into post-military landscape.The study is based on interviews with inhabitants and local planners as well as macro-regional and local planning documents, articles and photographs.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Fu, Jiali, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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VTI:s simulator för utryckningskörning : Teknisk rapport
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Simulatorer för utryckningskörning har ingått i flera VTI-projekt. Erfarenheterna och den tekniska utvecklingen har resulterat i en simulator för utryckningskörning. Syftet med denna rapport är att beskriva simulatorns användningsområden och funktionalitet samt ge en teknisk beskrivning.
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| 38. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Mn-DPDP and manganese chloride on hemodynamics and glucose tolerance in anesthetized rats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 55:3, s. 328-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging may be a method of choice to visualize transplanted pancreatic islets. However, contrast agents may interfere with microcirculation and affect graft function. Purpose To evaluate the effects manganese-containing contrast media on regional blood flow and glucose tolerance. Material and Methods Anesthetized rats were injected intravenously with MnCl2 (10 mu M/kg body weight) or Mn-DPDP (Teslascan; 5 mu M/kg body weight). Blood flow measurements were made with a microsphere technique 10min later. In separate animals vascular arteriolar reactivity in isolated, perfused islets was examined. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in separate rats. Results Glucose tolerance was unaffected by both agents. No changes in regional blood flow were seen after administration of Mn-DPDP, except for an increase in arterial liver blood flow. MnCl2 increased all blood flow values except that of the kidney. MnCl2, but not Mn-DPDP, caused a vasoconstriction in isolated rat islet arterioles but only at very high doses. Conclusion Mn-DPDP administration does not affect glucose tolerance or regional blood flow, besides an increase in arterial hepatic blood flow, and may therefore be suitable for visualization of islets.
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| 39. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Important role of P2Y receptors for islet blood flow regulation in anesthetized rats during acute and chronic hyperglycemia
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood flow is regulated through a complex interplay between nervous, metabolic and local endothelial factors. We have previously shown that adenosine is an important vasodilator in the metabolic regulation of islet blood flow and now wanted to examine whether also ATP/ADP/AMP could affect islet blood perfusion through P2Y receptors. To achieve this we examined local blood flow values in normoglycemic and acutely hyperglycemic Sprague-Dawley rats as well as GK rats, a type 2 diabetes model. We inhibited P2Y receptors in general with suramine and, since P2Y13 receptors are known to inhibit insulin secretion, we also examined the effects of a selective P2Y13 receptor inhibitor, viz. MRS2211. We found that all GK rats were hyperglycemic and hypertensive when compared to SD rats. Basal islet blood flow in SD rats was decreased by MRS2211, and there was a trend for this to occur also after suramine administration. The glucose-induced islet blood flow increase in SD rats was impaired after suramine and MRS2211 treatment. GK rats had higher islet blood flow, but not islet vascular conductance, than SD rats, which did not react to acute hyperglycemia or the P2Y receptor inhibitors. Similar findings were made in an islet arteriole perfusion model, suggesting that local P2Y receptors are involved. A surprising finding was that especially suramine markedly increased colonic blood flow in SD rats, and decreased this blood flow in GK rats. We conclude that not only adenosine, but also also ATP and especially ADP stimulate both basal and glucose-stimulated islet blood flow in anesthetized SD rats, but this response is not seen in GK rats. Also colonic blood flow seems to be sensitive to P2Y receptors and increase its blood flow when these receptors are inhibited. The mechanisms behind this are unknown.
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| 40. |
- Gennemark, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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An oral antisense oligonucleotide for PCSK9 inhibition
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 13:593
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and are used for treatment of dyslipidemia. Current PCSK9 inhibitors are administered via subcutaneous injection. We present a highly potent, chemically modified PCSK9 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with potential for oral delivery. Past attempts at oral delivery using earlier-generation ASO chemistries and transient permeation enhancers provided encouraging data, suggesting that improving potency of the ASO could make oral delivery a reality. The constrained ethyl chemistry and liver targeting enabled by N-acetylgalactosamine conjugation make this ASO highly potent. A single subcutaneous dose of 90 mg reduced PCSK9 by >90% in humans with elevated LDL cholesterol and a monthly subcutaneous dose of around 25 mg is predicted to reduce PCSK9 by 80% at steady state. To investigate the feasibility of oral administration, the ASO was coformulated in a tablet with sodium caprate as permeation enhancer. Repeated oral daily dosing in dogs resulted in a bioavailability of 7% in the liver (target organ), about fivefold greater than the plasma bioavailability. Target engagement after oral administration was confirmed by intrajejunal administration of a rat-specific surrogate ASO in solution with the enhancer to rats and by plasma PCSK9 and LDL cholesterol lowering in cynomolgus monkey after tablet administration. On the basis of an assumption of 5% liver bioavailability after oral administration in humans, a daily dose of 15 mg is predicted to reduce circulating PCSK9 by 80% at steady state, supporting the development of the compound for oral administration to treat dyslipidemia.
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| 41. |
- Gunnarsson, Anna Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Client perceptions of the Tree Theme Method™ : a structured intervention based on storytelling and creative activities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 17:3, s. 200-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tree Theme Method (TTM) is an intervention based on sessions involving creative activities and life storytelling/story-making, in which the client paints trees representing various periods of his/her life. The aim of this study was to investigate clients' experiences of participating in a TTM intervention and their perceptions of the therapeutic relationship. Thematic interviews were undertaken. Twenty clients attending general outpatient mental healthcare units were recruited after having participated in the intervention. A qualitative content analysis resulted in six categories: “From feeling a pressure to perform to becoming focused and expressive”, “Expressing oneself and one's life situation led to awakening of memories and feelings”, “New perspectives of self-image, everyday life and relations to others”, “Story-making led to shaping and reconstructing one's life story”, “Interaction was of importance when reconstructing one's life story” and, finally, “The attitude of the occupational therapist was of importance for the development of the therapeutic relationship”. There seemed to be a close association between the intervention and the therapeutic relationship in starting a process of opening up new perspectives on everyday life, but there is a need for further studies including therapists' experience of using the TTM and their perception of the client–therapist relationship.
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| 42. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists’ perception of the Tree Theme Method™ as an intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. - 0164-212X .- 1541-3101. ; 27:1, s. 36-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how occupational therapists experience utilization of the Tree Theme Method, an intervention based on creative activities and life-story telling and making. The Tree Theme Method is comprised of five sessions in which the therapist asks the client to paint symbolic trees, with specific themes representing their present life situation, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and the future. Nine occupational therapists in mental health care were asked about their experiences when using the Tree Theme Method. The informants formed two focus groups and each group was interviewed twice. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify five categories including: (1) therapeutic frames, (2) therapist requirements, (3) client requirements, (4) the therapeutic relationship, and (5) the Tree Theme Method as a multi-dimensional process. Overall the informants were satisfied with the intervention with some variation as to therapists' perception about the helpfulness of the tool. The Tree Theme Method was experienced as a structured method of starting a therapeutic process and initiating a therapist-client relationship. The therapeutic attitude, self-knowledge, and expert knowledge seemed to be important prerequisites for the therapists when using the Tree Theme Method intervention.
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| 43. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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The Tree Theme Method in psychosocial occupational therapy – a case study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:4, s. 229-240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe the Tree Theme Method (TTM) as a method for intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy. The TTM is based on theories concerning creative activities and occupational storytelling and story making. In order to exemplify the method a case study of a treatment process with follow up was undertaken. The participant was a female client suffering from anxiety and depression. During an interview the client painted symbolic trees on five different occasions with specific variations of the tree theme: a tree symbolizing her present life, her childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and, finally, a tree representing her future. The trees were used as starting points for the client to tell her life story. The intention was that she would find new strategies for how to change her daily life. Three years later there was a follow up stage where the client painted new trees and told her story. Some life themes were identified. The TTM appears suitable for intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy. In future studies the TTM should be subjected to evaluation research based on several clients in order to develop a deeper understanding of the process and what kind of results changes in the TTM intervention may provide.
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| 44. |
- Gunnarsson, Cecilia, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of COX-2 and steroid converting enzymes in breast cancer
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - 1021-335X .- 1791-2431. ; 16:2, s. 219-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COX-2 is upregulated in many breast tumors, and one of the products of COX-2 is PGE2 that is suggested to upregulate aromatase through cAMP signaling in breast cancer. Although aromatase can increase the estrogen levels in tumors, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) activity is finally needed for the estrone/estradiol regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate if the protein expression of enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis shows covariation with the expression of COX-2. We also wanted to correlate these results with prognosis. We analyzed the expression of COX-2, aromatase, 17HSD1 and 17HSD2 with immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays composed of 356 primary breast tumors. In the present study COX-2 was correlated to aromatase (P<0.00001), 17HSD1 (P=0.0073), and 17HSD2 (P<0.00001). Patients with ER positive tumors expressing low amounts of 17HSD2 had decreased breast cancer survival (P=0.013). Elevated expression of COX-2 and aromatase was more frequent among larger tumors (P=0.017 and P=0.013). COX-2 expression correlates with the levels of the examined steroid converting enzymes and may contribute to increased estrogen levels in the tumor. In breast cancer cells, the regulatory function of 17HSD2 could be lost, and in the present study patients with low or non-detectable levels of 17HSD2 had worse prognosis than had breast cancer patients with higher levels of the enzyme.
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| 45. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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If Seebohm Rowntree had studied Sweden - ho poverty changed in the city of Goteborg from 1925 to 2003
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - 0358-5522. ; 58:3, s. 239-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the development of poverty in Sweden using micro data derived from tax files for the city of Göteborg for the years 1925, 1936, 1947, 1958 as well as more recent information. We define poverty as living in a household with a disposable income lower than a poverty line that represents a constant purchasing power all years, as well as poverty lines defined as 60 percent of contemporary median income. Clear reductions of poverty from 1925 to 1947 as well as from 1958 to 1983 are found. We argue that an important poverty reducing mechanism during both periods was narrowing earnings disparities. Further we claim that the poverty reduction from the end of the 1950s to the first half of the 1980s was the outcome of improved transfer systems as well as the establishment of pronounced characteristics of present-day Sweden: the dual earner system.
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| 46. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Top incomes in Sweden over three-quarters of a century: a micro data approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0309-166X .- 1464-3545. ; 32:6, s. 963-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to throw light on the development of top incomes in Sweden as well as the causes for change. Using household income data we show that since the first half of the 1980s, real income at the top of the distribution has developed more favourably than for other groups. This contrasts with the changes which occurred prior to the 1980s. Reasons for the rise in the top income share are several: the development of stock prices, tax reform, and the labour market change of top wages increasing more rapidly than others.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Hallmans, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort : evaluation of risk factors and their interactions.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Supplement Links. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4956 .- 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 61, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is, first, to describe the organization, sampling procedures, availability of samples/database, ethical considerations, and quality control program of the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort. Secondly, some examples are given of studies on cardiovascular disease and diabetes with a focus on the biomarker programme. The cohort has been positioned as a national and international resource for scientific research.
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| 49. |
- Heimann, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Utvecklingspsykologiska aspekter på tidig behandling av autism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fokus på autism 6-8 april 2016, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den första presentationen presenteras resultat och erfarenheter från en europeisk enkät där 1680 föräldrar till små barn med autism i 20 olika länder fått svara på vilka insatser/interventioner som erbjuds och vilka de använt sig av. Därefter presenteras aktuell svensk forskning kring uppmärksamhetsfunktioner som en förutsättning för utveckling av samspel och intervention. Hur påverkar t ex uppmärksamhetsförmågan barn med autisms förmåga att skilja på meningsbärande och icke meningsbärande gester och vad kan förmågan till samordnad uppmärksamhet betyda för val av interventionsmetod? Slutligen kommer seminariet att avslutas med en presentation där verktygslådans innehåll för terapeuter som arbetar med tidiga insatser för barn med autism diskuteras. Erfarenheter av två olika interventionsmetoder, en övergripande manualbaserad metod bygd på ABA-strategier och en mer begränsad imitationsbaserad korttidsintervention, utgör grunden för denna avslutande presentation.
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| 50. |
- Hultström, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Moderate hypothermia induces a preferential increase in pancreatic islet blood flow in anesthetized rats
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 293:3, s. R1438-R1443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to characterize the effects of induced moderate hypothermia on splanchnic blood flow, with particular reference to that of the pancreas and the islets of Langerhans. We also investigated how interference with the autonomic nervous system at different levels influenced the blood perfusion during hypothermia. For this purpose, hypothermia (body temperature of 28°C) was induced by external cooling, whereas normothermic (37.5°C) anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were used as controls. Some rats were pretreated with either propranolol, yohimbine, atropine, hexamethonium, or a bilateral abdominal vagotomy. Our findings suggest that moderate hypothermia elicits complex, organ-specific circulatory changes, with increased perfusion noted in the pylorus, as well as the whole pancreas and the pancreatic islets. The pancreatic islets maintain their high blood perfusion through mechanisms involving both sympathetic and parasympathetic mediators, whereas the increased pyloric blood flow is mediated through parasympathetic mechanisms. Renal blood flow was decreased, and this can be prevented by ganglionic blockade and is also influenced by β-adrenoceptors.
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