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  • Kienzler, B., et al. (författare)
  • Swedish-German actinide migration experiment at ASPO hard rock laboratory
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. - 0169-7722 .- 1873-6009. ; 61:04-jan, s. 219-233
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Within the scope of a bilateral cooperation between Svensk Karnbranslehantering (SKB) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Nukleare Entsorgung (FZK-INE), an actinide migration experiment is currently being performed at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden. This paper covers laboratory and in situ investigations on actinide migration in single-fractured granite core samples. For the in situ experiment, the CHEMLAB 2 probe developed by SKB was used. The experimental setup as well as the breakthrough of inert tracers and of the actinides Am, Np and Pu are presented. The breakthrough curves of inert tracers were analyzed to determine hydraulic properties of the fractured samples. Postmortem analyses of the solid samples were performed to characterize the flow path and the sorbed actinides. After cutting the cores, the abraded material was analyzed with respect to sorbed actinides. The slices were scanned optically to visualize the flow path. Effective volumes and inner surface areas were measured. In the experiments, only breakthrough of Np(V) was observed. In each experiment, the recovery of Np(V) was less than or equal to40%. Breakthrough of Am(III) and Pu(IV) as well as of Np(IV) was not observed.
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  • Svenmarker, S., et al. (författare)
  • Neurological and general outcome in low-risk coronary artery bypass patients using heparin coated circuits
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 19:1, s. 47-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The clinical significance of heparin coating in cardiopulmonary bypass has previously been investigated. However, few studies have addressed the possible influence on brain function and memory disturbances. Methods: Three hundred low-risk patients exposed to coronary bypass surgery were randomised into three groups according to type of heparin coating: Carmeda Bioactive Surface, Baxter Duraflo II and a control group. Outcome was determined from a number of clinically oriented parameters, including a detailed registry of postoperative deviations from the normal postoperative course. Brain damage was assessed through S100 release and memory tests, including a questionnaire follow-up. Results: Clinical outcome was similar for all groups. Blood loss (Duraflo only), transfusion requirements and postoperative creatinine elevation were reduced in the heparin-coated groups. A lower incidence of atrial fibrillation was noted in the Duraflo group. Heparin coating did not uniformly attenuate the release of S100 or the degree of memory impairment. Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with heparin coating and a reduced dose of heparin seems to be safe. Clinical outcome and neurological injury seem not to be associated with type of heparin coating used for CPB. However, blood loss and transfusion requirements may be reduced.
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  • Svenmarker, S., et al. (författare)
  • Use of heparin-bonded circuits in cardiopulmonary bypass improves clinical outcome
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Scand Cardiovasc J. ; 36:4, s. 241-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The use of heparin-coated surfaces in cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to decrease the inflammatory response imposed by the contact between blood and artificial surfaces. One would expect this reaction to improve clinical outcome. However, this has been difficult to verify. This investigation is based on an aggregation of two randomized studies from our institution and highlights possible effects of heparin coating on a number of clinically oriented parameters. DESIGN: Departmental analysis of patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery using heparin-coated circuits. Cardiopulmonary bypass was employed using either the Carmeda or Duraflo heparin coatings compared with a control. The systemic heparin dose was reduced in the heparin-coated groups (ACT > 250 s) vs control group patients (ACT > 480 s). The effects of heparin coating related to clinical outcome were studied. RESULTS: The use of heparin-coated circuits reduced the mean length of stay in hospital from 7.8 +/- 2.5 to 7.3 +/- 1.8 days (p = 0.040) and postoperative ventilation time from 9.7 +/- 9.2 to 8.2 +/- 8.5 h (p = 0.018), blood loss 8 h post surgery from 676 +/- 385 to 540 +/- 245 ml (p = 0.001), individual perioperative change of haemoglobin loss (p = 0.001), leukocyte count (p = 0.000) and creatinine elevation (p = 0.000), proportion of patients exposed to allogenous blood transfusions 39.2 vs 23.9% (p = 0.001), postoperative coagulation disturbances 4.4 vs 0.4% (p = 0.006), postoperative deviations from the normal postoperative course 47.2 vs 36.7% (p = 0.035), neurological deviations 9.4 vs 3.9% (p = 0.021) and atrial fibrillation 26.4 vs 18.0% (p = 0.041). No effects were found with respect to perioperative platelet count, postoperative fever reaction and 5-year survival. CONCLUSION: Based on several indicators, the use of heparin coating in cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with improved clinical results.
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  • Yakushevska, A. E., et al. (författare)
  • The structure of photosystem II in Arabidopsis : localization of the CP26 and CP29 antenna complexes
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 42:3, s. 608-613
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A genetic approach has been adopted to investigate the organization of the light-harvesting proteins in the photosystem II (PSII) complex in plants. PSII membrane fragments were prepared from wild-type Arabidopis thaliana and plants expressing antisense constructs to Lhcb4 and Lhcb5 genes, lacking CP29 and CP26, respectively (Andersson et al. (2001) Plant Cell 13, 1193-1204). Ordered PSII arrays and PSII supercomplexes were isolated from the membranes of plants lacking CP26 but could not be prepared from those lacking CP29. Membranes and supercomplexes lacking CP26 were less stable than those prepared from the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy aided by single-particle image analysis was applied to the ordered arrays and the isolated PSII complexes. The difference between the images obtained from wild type and antisense plants showed the location of CP26 to be near CP43 and one of the light-harvesting complex trimers. Therefore, the location of the CP26 within PSII was directly established for the first time, and the location of the CP29 complex was determined by elimination. Alterations in the packing of the PSII complexes in the thylakoid membrane also resulted from the absence of CP26. The minor light-harvesting complexes each have a unique location and important roles in the stabilization of the oligomeric PSII structure.
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  • Ahlman, Håkan, 1947, et al. (författare)
  • Cytotoxic treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: World journal of surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 25:7, s. 927-33
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive tumor that is often detected in an advanced stage. Medical treatment with the adrenotoxic drug mitotane has been used for decades, but critical prospective trials on its role in residual disease or as an adjuvant agent after surgical resection are still lacking. The concept of a critical threshold plasma level of the drug must be confirmed in controlled studies. Because individual responsiveness cannot be predicted, the use mitotane is still advised for nonresectable disease. In case of cortisol or other steroid overproduction, several drugs (e.g., ketoconazole or aminoglutethimide) may be used. Chemotherapy with single agents (e.g., doxorubicin or cisplatin) have been disappointing, with low response rates (< 30%) and a short response duration. Part of this refractoriness may be explained by the fact that ACC tumors express the multidrug-resistance gene MDR-1. Chemotherapy with multiple agents has been tested in smaller series and has resulted in significant side effects. The best results were achieved by the combination of etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin associated with mitotane, achieving a response rate of 54%, including individual complete responses. To be able to make progress in treating advanced ACC disease, adjuvant multicenter trials must be encouraged. When mitotane-based therapies are used, monitored drug levels are mandatory.
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  • Andersson, F, et al. (författare)
  • The costs of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 96:9, s. 700-708
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exacerbations are the key drivers in the costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective was to examine the costs of COPD exacerbations in relation to differing degrees of severity of exacerbations and of COPD. We identified 202 subjects with COPD, defined according to the BTS and ERS criteria. Exacerbations were divided into mild (self-managed), mild/moderate (telephone contact with a health-care centre and/or the use of anti biotics/systemic corticosteroids), moderate (health-care centre visits) and severe (emergency care visit or hospital admission). Exacerbations were identified by sending the subjects a letter inquiring whether they had any additional respiratory problems or influenza the previous winter. At least one exacerbation was reported by 61 subjects, who were then interviewed about resource use for these events. The average health-care costs per exacerbation were SEK 120(95% CI = 39-246), SEK 354 (252-475), SEK 2111 (1673-2612) and SEK 21852 (14436-29825) for mild, mild/moderate, moderate and severe exacerbations, respectively. Subjects with impaired lung function experienced more severe exacerbations, which was also reflected in the cost of exacerbations per severity of the disease during the 41 month study period (ranging from SEK 224 for mild to SEK 13708 for severe cases, median SEK 940). Exacerbations account for 35-45% of the total per capita health-care costs for COPD. In conclusion, costs varied considerably with the severity of the exacerbation as well as with the severity of COPD. The prevention of moderate-to-severe exacerbations could be very cost-effective and improve the quality of life.
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  • Barnekow-Bergkvist, M, et al. (författare)
  • Adolescent determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adult men and women
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 29:3, s. 208-217
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: To investigate how physical activity, physical performance and sociodemographic characteristics at the age of 16 are related to adult health habits (physical activity, dietary intake, smoking) and biological risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (being overweight, low aerobic fitness, unfavorable levels of serum lipids, high blood pressure). Methods: A randomly selected group of 220 male and 205 female students at 16 years of age was tested in 1974, and reinvestigated 18 years later. Results: The predictive health profiles for adult lifestyle and biological risk factors were different in men and women. Leisure sports activity along with high performance in the nine-minute run among the boys and in the two-hand lift test among the girls were significant predictors of adult physical activity. A positive attitude to aerobic exercise and high performance in the nine-minute run test among the boys and high marks in physical education among the girls decreased the risk of smoking. Leisure sports activities together with body mass index at young ages were the most powerful predictors of adult biological risk factors, but attitudes to sports and educational level were also significant determinants. Conclusion: These results contribute to the knowledge of which factors at young ages may promote adult healthy habits in particular physical activities.
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  • Bümming, Per, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Neoadjuvant, adjuvant and palliative treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) with imatinib: a centre-based study of 17 patients.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 89:3, s. 460-4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) have a poor prognosis. Since these tumours are resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapy, surgery has been the mainstay of treatment. However, surgery is usually inadequate for the treatment of malignant GIST. Imatinib, a KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has recently been found to have a dramatic antitumour effect on GIST. In this centre-based study of 17 consecutive patients with high-risk or overtly malignant GIST, imatinib was used in three different settings - palliatively, adjuvantly, and neoadjuvantly. The treatment was found to be safe and particularly effective in tumours with activating mutations of exon 11 of the KIT gene. Clinical response to imatinib treatment correlated morphologically to tumour necrosis, hyalinisation, and reduced proliferative activity. The value of neoadjuvant imatinib treatment was illustrated in one case.
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  • Dynesius, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Intercontinental similarities in riparian-plant diversity and sensitivity to river regulation.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Ecological Applications. - : Wiley. - 1051-0761 .- 1939-5582. ; 14:1, s. 173-191
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We asked whether assemblages of species with separate evolutionary histories differed in their response to similar human interventions. We assessed this by comparing the response of riparian plant communities to river regulation on two different continents. We compared free-flowing and regulated rivers between boreal parts of North America (Alberta and British Columbia) and Europe (Sweden), using a standardized Sampling protocol and the same field staff on both continents. Although the two regions shared few species, both riparian plant-species diversity along free-flowing rivers and the response to different kinds of flow regulation were similar between the continents. The number of riparian-plant species and their amount of cover differed among types of water-level regime, but the continental affiliation of a river-margin site did not statistically explain any of the variation. Within continents, the local flora of the regulated river-margin sites was largely similar in species composition to the free-flowing ones, but the sites along storage reservoirs were more species-poor. The similarity in the response to regulation between the continents suggests that general guidelines for rehabilitation of degraded boreal rivers are. a realistic goal.The number of species and genera, plant cover, and species numbers in most trait groups (classified according to growth form and life span) were similar between free-flowing river margins in Europe and North America. Moreover, the regional native species pools of northern Sweden and Alberta were similar in size and composition of species groups, despite the fact that only 27% of the species in Alberta were found in northern Sweden. This is presumably because the floras share a common Tertiary origin and because the regions have had largely similar late-Tertiary and Quaternary histories. The most pronounced difference between the continents was that we found no exotic species on the 183 Swedish river margin sites, whereas 9% of the species found in all 24 North American plots taken together were exotics. All North American exotics found have occurred in Europe since prehistoric times, and the difference in exotic richness most likely reflects a difference in the number of species humans have transferred from one continent to another, rather than a difference in invasibility between the regions.
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  • Ekberg-Jansson, Ann, et al. (författare)
  • Neutrophil-associated activation markers in healthy smokers relates to a fall in DL(CO) and to emphysematous changes on high resolution CT
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 95:5, s. 363-373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Smoking is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there are no good indicators for early identification of subjects who will develop symptomatic COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory mechanisms related to changes in lung function and emphysematous changes on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in 'healthy' smokers. Subjects were 60-year-old men from a population study. Bronchoscopy was performed in 30 smokers and 18 who had never smoked. Blood tests, lung function measurements and HRCT were carried out in 58 and 34 subjects, respectively. In comparison with never-smokers, smokers had higher levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and lysozyme in blood, higher levels of MPO, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and HNL in bronchial lavage (BL), and of IL-8, HNL and interleukin-lbeta (IL-1beta) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Smokers also had lower levels of Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) in blood. HNL in BL and BAL showed strong correlations to other inflammatory markers (MPO, IL-8, IL-1beta). The variations in MPO in BL were explained by variations in HNL (R2 =0.69), while these variations in BAL were explained by variations in HNL and IL-1beta (R2 = 0.76). DL(CO) was the lung function variable most closely related to MPO and IL-8 in BL and BAL and to IL-1beta in BAL. In a multiple regression analysis, MPO, IL-1beta, IL-8 and CC-16 in BL and MPO in BAL contributed to the explanation of variations in DL(CO) to 41% and 22%. respectively, independent of smoking habits. In smokers with emphysematous lesions on HRCT, HNL in BAL correlated to emphysema score (r(s) = 0.71). We conclude that 'healthy' smoking men with a near normal FEV1 show signs of inflammation in the lower airways that are related to a decrease in DL(CO) and to emphysematous lesions on HRCT. This inflammation seems to be the result of both monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation.
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  • Ekberg-Jansson, A, et al. (författare)
  • Respiratory symptoms relate to physiological changes and inflammatory markers reflecting central but not peripheral airways. A study in 60-year-old 'healthy' smokers and never-smokers
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 95:1, s. 40-47
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between respiratory symptoms, lung function and inflammatory markers in 'healthy' smokers. The study population was recruited from an epidemiological study with subjects of the same age, 60 years. Only smokers who considered themselves healthy (n=58) and a random sample of never-smokers (n=34) were investigated. All subjects underwent lung function tests--spirometry, carbon monoxide transfer (DLco) and the single-breath N2 method (N2 test)--together with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). A flexible bronchoscopy with a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 30 smokers and 18 never-smokers. Bronchial biopsies were also taken. Smokers who reported non-specific respiratory problems, chronic bronchitis and wheezing in a symptom questionnaire had a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), FEV% and specific airway conductance (sGaw), lung function tests supposed to reflect the more central airways, than smokers without respiratory symptoms. A limited number of smokers with occasional non-specific respiratory problems also had more cytotoxic T cells (CD8) in bronchial biopsies. No differences were found in DLCO and the N2 test, lung function tests supposed to reflect the more peripheral airways including the alveoli, HRCT-diagnosed emphysema or inflammatory markers in blood and BAL between smokers with and without respiratory symptoms. It is concluded that even when smokers consider themselves 'healthy' they have mild symptoms that are related more to physiological changes and inflammatory markers that may reflect events in the central airways than to changes that may reflect events in the peripheral airways.
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  • Ekberg-Jansson, A, et al. (författare)
  • The expression of lymphocyte surface antigens in bronchial biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and blood cells in healthy smoking and never-smoking men, 60 years old
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 94:3, s. 264-272
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study we investigated if smoking subjects with a normal or slightly decreased lung function differ in the lymphocyte pattern compared to never-smokers. In a group of 'healthy' smokers (n = 58) and never-smokers (n = 34) 60 years old, we investigated the lymphocyte pattern in both BAL (n = 30 and n = 18 respectively), bronchial epithelium and lamina propria (n = 14 and n = 10 respectively) and blood. We found that all subjects, despite smoking history, had a higher number of CD8+ cells per mm2 in the epithelium compared to the lamina propria in the bronchial biopsies. In smokers, these CD8+ cells were significantly negatively correlated to FEV1 (r = -0.56, P = 0.04). In smokers, the number of CD8+ lymphocytes was higher and the T cell activation markers (CD57+ and CD28+) were lower in BAL, than in never-smokers. This last finding was also seen in blood for CD3+ 57+. We conclude, that in 'healthy' smokers the lymphocyte patterns are different compared to never-smokers, to some extent in BAL. There is also a relation between lymphocytes in the bronchial mucosa and lung function. This has previously been shown in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis but not in asymptomatic smokers.
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  • Esbjornsson-Liljedahl, M, et al. (författare)
  • Smaller muscle ATP reduction in women than in men by repeated bouts of sprint exercise
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 93:3, s. 1075-1083
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It was hypothesized that the reduction of high-energy phosphates in muscle after repeated sprints is smaller in women than in men. Fifteen healthy and physically active women and men with an average age of 25 yr (range of 19–42 yr) performed three 30-s cycle sprints (Wingate test) with 20 min of rest between sprints. Repeated blood and muscle samples were obtained. Freeze-dried pooled muscle fibers of types I and II were analyzed for high-energy phosphates and their breakdown products and for glycogen. Accumulation of plasma ATP breakdown products, plasma catecholamines, and blood lactate, as well as glycogen reduction in type I fibers, was all lower in women than in men during sprint exercise. Repeated sprints induced smaller reduction of ATP and smaller accumulation of IMP and inosine in women than in men in type II muscle fibers, with no gender differences in changes of ATP and its breakdown products during the bouts of exercise themselves. This indicates that the smaller ATP reduction in women than in men during repeated sprints was created during recovery periods between the sprint exercises and that women possess a faster recovery of ATP via reamination of IMP during these recovery periods.
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  • Gulin, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Structural studies of S-7, another exocellular polysaccharide containing 2-deoxy-arabino-hexuronic acid
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 331:3, s. 285-290
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The exocellular polysaccharide S-7, a heteropolysaccharide from Azotobacter indicus var, myxogenes has been studied using methylation analysis, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as the principal methods. It is concluded that the repeating unit has the following structure: -->4)-beta -D-Glcp-(1 -->4)-alpha -L-Rhap-(1 -->3)-beta -D-2-deoxy-arabino-HexpA-(1 --> 6 up arrow 1 beta -D-Glcp-(1 -->6)-beta -D-Glcp The absolute configuration of the deoxyhexuronic acid was deduced from H-1 NMR chemical shifts and is most likely D. Approximately two O-acetyl groups per repeating unit are present, one of which is presumably on the Rha residue. The structure bears great resemblance to another polysaccharide, recently studied, produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis I-886.
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  • Gustafsson, David, et al. (författare)
  • Modeling water and heat balance of the boreal landscape - comparison of forest and arable land in Scandinavia
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of applied meteorology (1988). - 0894-8763 .- 1520-0450. ; 43:11, s. 1750-1767
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The water and heat balances of an arable field and a forest in the boreal zone in Scandinavia were explored using 3 yr of observations and simulations with two different soil - vegetation - atmosphere transfer (SVAT) models over a 30-yr period. Results from a detailed mechanistic model [ coupled heat and mass transfer model ( COUP)] were compared with those obtained with a large-scale type of SVAT model used in the weather prediction model at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts [ECMWF tiled land surface scheme (TESSEL)]. The COUP model simulations agreed well with the observations from a seasonal perspective. The TESSEL model differed significantly from the measurements when standard operational parameter values were used. The introduction of a seasonal variation in leaf-area index values, tuned canopy resistance for forest, and a reduced roughness length over snow-covered open land reduced the discrepancies. Net radiation was 40% higher in the forest when compared with the arable land, based on 30-yr simulations with both models. Furthermore, the forest was a net source of sensible heat flux, whereas the arable land was a net sink. Because of different treatment of winter interception evaporation, forest latent heat flux based on the COUP model considerably exceeded that from the TESSEL model, and suggested that the total annual evaporation was higher from the forest than from arable land. The representation of interception evaporation in winter, as well as seasonal dynamics in vegetation properties are, thus, of considerable importance for adequate simulation of forest and arable land energy fluxes within the boreal zone.
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  • Jansson, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • A new multi-residue method for analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1023:1, s. 93-104
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in a wide variety of fruit and vegetables, using the National Food Administration (NFA) ethyl acetate extraction and determination by means of LC-MS/MS, is presented. The method includes pesticides normally detected by LC-UV or LC-fluorescence such as benzimidazoles, carbamates, N-methylcarbamates and organophosphorus compounds with an oxidisable sulphide group as well. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the extract is concentrated and an aliquot of the extract is evaporated to dryness and redissolved in methanol before injection on LC-MS/MS. The method has been validated for 57 different pesticides and metabolites. Representative species from different commodity groups were chosen as matrices in order to study the influence from different matrices on recoveries. The fortification levels studied were 0.01-0.5 mg kg(-1). Matrix effects were tested for all matrices by means of standard addition to blank extracts. The matrix effect, expressed as signal in solvent compared to signal in matrix, was in general found to be small. The obtained recoveries are, with a few exceptions, in the range 70-100%. The proposed method is quick and straightforward and no additional clean-up steps are needed. The method can be used for the analysis of all 57 pesticides in one single determination step at 0.01 mg kg(-1).
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  • Jansson, D. S., et al. (författare)
  • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and other strongly beta-haemolytic and indole-positive spirochaetes isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-2615 .- 1473-5644. ; 53:4, s. 293-300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aims of the current study were to collect intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira) from farmed and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and to identify and classify those isolates that phenotypically resembled Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, an enteric pathogen of pigs. The isolation rate of Brachyspira spp. was high from both farmed (93%) and wild mallards (78%). In wild mallards, it appeared that Brachyspira spp. were more likely to be found in migratory birds (multivariate analysis: RR = 1(.)8, 95% Cl 1(.)1-3(.)1) than in mallards sampled in a public park. Pure cultures of putative B. hyodysenteriae were obtained from 22 birds. All five isolates from farmed mallards and ten randomly selected isolates with this phenotype were used for further studies. All isolates from farmed mallards and two of the isolates from wild mallards were PCR-positive for the tlyA gene of B. hyodysenteriae. Two isolates from farmed mallards were selected for pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. These isolates clustered with the type and reference strains of B. hyodysenteriae. 16S rDNA sequence analysis performed on 11 of the strains showed that they were all closely related to each other and to the B. hyodysenteriae-Brachyspira intermedia cluster. Three of the mallard isolates had 16S rDNA sequences that were identical to those of B. hyodysenteriae strains R1 and NIV-1 previously isolated from common rheas (Rhea americana). To conclude, the isolates from farmed mallards and two isolates from wild mallards were classified as B. hyodysenteriae based on the factthat they could not be differentiated by any of the applied methods from type, reference and field strains of B. hyodysenteriae. The remaining isolates could not be assigned irrefutably to any of the presently recognized Brachyspira species. These results point to a broader host spectrum of B. hyodysenteriae than is generally recognized, and to the presence in mallards of strongly haemolytic and indole-producing spirochaetes that possess many, but not all, of the currently recognized characteristics of B. hyodysenteriae.
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