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| 3. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? : A prospective study in the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 64:4, s. 443-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a bidirectional relationship between on the one hand anxiety and depression and on the other hand insomnia over the course of a year.Methods: A randomly selected sample of 3,000 participants from the general population filled out a baseline (N = 1,812) and 1-year follow-up survey (N = 1,498) on anxiety, depression, and insomnia.Results: In cross-sectional analyses, bivariate correlations showed that anxiety, depression, and insomnia were significantly inter-correlated (φ = .31-.54). In prospective analyses, logistic regression analyses demonstrated that baseline anxiety (OR = 4.27, 8% of the variance) and baseline depression (OR = 2.28, 2% of the variance) were related to new cases of insomnia at follow-up. Further, baseline insomnia was related to new episodes of high anxiety and high depression at follow-up (OR = 2.30, 2% of the variance; OR = 3.51; 4% of the variance).Conclusion: Evidence suggested that there is a bidirectional relationship between on the one hand anxiety and depression and on the other hand insomnia. This suggests that anxiety, depression, and insomnia are intertwined over time, which has implications for theoretical conceptualizations and interventions.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploratory factor analysis of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire on a sample with insomnia symptoms
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - London : Routledge. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 14:1, s. 62-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the factorial solution of the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ) among individuals with insomnia symptoms in the general population.Design: A cross-sectional study with a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3,600; 20-60 year old) was used. In total, 251 of the 2,179 respondents fulfilled the criteria for insomnia symptoms and filled out a survey on demographic parameters, the MSPQ, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sleep medication use, and health care consumption.Methods: Exploratory factor analysis and correlations were used.Results: The results showed that a two-factor solution, accounting for 47.31% of the variance, was extracted from the 13 items of the MSPQ. While one factor consisting of 10 items determined general symptoms of somatic arousal (a = .83), the other factor with 3 items assessed stomach symptoms and nausea (a = .78). The two factors were significantly inter-correlated (r = .54) and significantly associated with the total MSPQ (r = .96, r = .74). The two factors also showed discriminant validity with anxiety and depression and predictive validity with retrospective reports of sleep medication use and health care consumption. A few significant interactions emerged the two MSPQ factors and degree of sleep complaints.Conclusions: Although it is often assumed that the MSPQ taps a single factor of somatic arousal, this study on individuals with insomnia symptoms suggests that a two-factor solution has the best fit. Further research on the factorial solution of the MSPQ is warranted.
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| 6. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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How is persistent insomnia maintained? : A prospective study on 50-60 years old adults in the general population
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - 1359-107X .- 2044-8287. ; 13:1, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine whether arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs are related to the maintenance of insomnia in old adults.Design: From a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3,600; 50-60 year old), 2,239 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey.Methods: Logistic regressions were used to investigate whether psychological mechanisms were related to sleep status (insomnia: n = 230; poor sleep: n = 210; normal sleep: n = 658; good sleep: n = 253) over one year. Cluster analysis was employed to assess whether it was possible to classify the participants based on their profiles of psychological functioning.Results: The results showed that arousal, sleep-related beliefs about future consequences, and anxiety were significantly related to the maintenance of insomnia (14-66% of the variance). Of the individuals with persistent insomnia, 67% belonged to a cluster characterized by high scores on arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and anxiety, 24% to a cluster defined by medium scores on the three mechanisms, and 9% to a cluster characterized by low scores on the three mechanisms.Conclusions: This investigation shows that arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and anxiety are associated with the maintenance of persistent insomnia, but also that these mechanisms often co-occur in individuals with persistent insomnia.
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| 8. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Is perfectionism related to pre-existing and future insomnia? : a prospective study
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Psychology. - 0144-6657 .- 2044-8260. ; 46:1, s. 119-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of perfectionism to pre-existing and future insomnia. METHODS: Based on a random sample from the general population (N=3600), 1936 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey on perfectionism (concern over mistakes and personal standards), emotional distress and insomnia. RESULTS: The results from sequential logistic regression analyses showed that concern over mistakes was significantly related to pre-existing and future insomnia. When emotional distress was accounted for, none of the perfectionism subscales contributed significantly in explaining pre-existing and future insomnia. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that though perfectionism seems to be related to both pre-existing and future insomnia, its role seems relatively weak
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| 9. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, 1971-
(författare)
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Kognitiv beteendeterapi bra mot sömnlöshet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 102:49, s. 3773-3773
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial work stressors for insomnia : a prospective study on 50-60-year-old adults in the working population
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 14:4, s. 222-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This prospective study aimed to examine whether psychosocial work stressors were related to the development and maintenance of insomnia. From a randomly selected sample from the general population (N = 3,600), 1,873 participants aged 50-60 years old in the workforce filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Stepwise logistic regressions were used to investigate whether work stressors were related to the development and maintenance of insomnia over one year. The results showed that, among individuals with no insomnia at baseline, high work demands increased the risk of developing insomnia 1 year later (4% of the variance). Among participants with insomnia at baseline, work stressors did not influence the course of insomnia over one year. Finally, low influence over decisions, high professional compromise, and high work demands were related to the maintenance of insomnia (9% of the variance). The findings indicate that perceived work stressors are, although rather weakly, associated with the development and maintenance of insomnia. This might have implications for how insomnia is conceptualized as it places work stressors in the model and for how interventions at different stages of insomnia is implemented.
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| 11. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The course of insomnia over one year : A longitudinal study in the general population in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 31:6, s. 881-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the course of insomnia in the general population over one year with an emphasis on prevalence, consequences, persistence, remission, and incidence of insomnia.Design: This study employed a longitudinal design with a 1-year follow-up. Insomnia was defined as reporting problems sleeping for three nights or more per week during the past three months, problems with daytime symptoms or daytime functioning, and difficulties with sleep onset, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakening.Participants: From a randomly selected sample of the adult general population (N = 3,000; 20-60 year), 1,746 individuals filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up survey.Results: The prevalence rates of insomnia were 6.8-9.7% at the two assessment points. The longitudinal analyses suggested that for 44.4% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, insomnia was characterized by persistence (4.3% of the general population). For 56.6% of the individuals with insomnia at baseline, the condition remitted over one year (5.4% of the general population). The cumulative incidence of insomnia was 2.8% over the course of a year.Conclusions: In summary, the results showed that insomnia is a prevalent condition in the general population associated with negative consequences and is characterized not only by persistence but also by relatively high remission and incidence.
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| 12. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The role of psychological mechanisms to insomnia in its early phase : A focus on arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 23:6, s. 691-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether arousal, distress, and sleep-related beliefs are related to the development of insomnia. From a randomly selected sample of 3,600 individuals from the general population (50-60 year), 2,239 participants filled out a baseline and 1-year follow-up questionnaire. Logistic regression and cluster analysis were used to investigate whether the psychological mechanisms were related to the development of new cases of insomnia over one year and whether it was possible to classify the participants based on their profiles of psychological mechanisms. The results showed that arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and depression were significantly related to the development of new cases of insomnia (13% of the variance). High scores on all three mechanisms were characteristic of one cluster (18% new cases of insomnia) and low scores on the mechanisms of another cluster (5% new cases of insomnia). This study shows that arousal, sleep-related beliefs, and depression are associated with the development of insomnia, and that psychological mechanisms often co-occur in individuals who develop insomnia.
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| 13. |
- Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The role of sleep-related beliefs to improvement in early cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 37:1, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with this investigation was to examine whether sleep-related beliefs, and reductions in such beliefs and attitudes, were related to clinical improvements in sleep and daytime symptoms following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). In total, 64 patients with a short history of insomnia (3-12 months) who had participated in a randomized controlled trial with a one-year follow-up and received CBT were included. With stepwise multiple regression analyses, sleep-related beliefs were linked to clinical improvements in sleep (five outcomes) and daytime symptoms (seven outcomes). Results indicated that sleep-related beliefs played a small predictive role for clinical improvements in sleep and daytime symptoms following CBT group treatment. Sleep-related beliefs were only predictive of treatment response on sleep efficiency and sleepiness. Reductions in sleep-related beliefs were however differently related to improvements in sleep and daytime symptoms. Reductions in such beliefs were consistently linked to improvements in daytime symptoms (7-14% of the variance), but not to sleep improvements (except for sleep quality). In all, this might suggest that sleep-related beliefs play a slightly different role in insomnia than previously envisioned.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Linton, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled trial of exposure in vivo for patients with spinal pain reporting fear of work-related activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Elsevier. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 12:6, s. 722-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pain-related fear is related to disability in persistent pain conditions. Exposure treatment has been reported to be of great benefit in replicated single case experiments.AIM: To evaluate the effects of exposure in vivo on fear and function in patients with persistent pain and work disability.METHOD: We recruited 46 patients suffering from long-term back pain and reduced function, who also were deemed fearful according to standardized measures. Participants were randomized into either an exposure plus usual treatment or waiting list control plus usual treatment group. After the waiting period the control group crossed over and received the exposure treatment.RESULTS: Between group comparisons showed a significantly better result for the exposure group on function, but not for fear or pain and effect sizes were modest (function=.6; fear=.4; pain=.1). When the control group crossed over to treatment significant treatment effects were noted for fear and function. For all patients treated, the pre to post-treatment effect sizes were large (function=.7; fear=1.1; pain=.9). There were 12 dropouts (8 in exposure and 4 in the control) during the first treatment phase and an additional 4 when the control group crossed over to exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a group receiving usual treatment and waiting for exposure, the exposure in vivo group demonstrated a significantly larger improvement on function. Overall exposure had moderate effects on function, fear and pain intensity. We conclude that exposure may be important in treatment, but is not recommended as a "stand alone" adjunct to usual treatment.
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| 16. |
- Linton, Steven J., 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral and Physical Therapy Preventive Interventions on Pain-Related Sick Leave : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 21:2, s. 109-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Recent recommendations suggest that reassuring patients with an acute bout of low back pain and encouraging a return to normal activities may be helpful in preventing the development of chronic disability. There is also a question as to whether psychologic or physical therapy interventions actually add anything to such reassurance and advice in terms of preventing chronicity. This study aimed to ascertain the preventive effects on future sick leave and health-care utilization of adding on a cognitive-behavioral group intervention or a cognitive-behavioral group intervention and preventive physical therapy (focused on activity and exercise) relative to a minimal treatment group (examination, reassurance, and activity advice).Subjects: A total of 185 patients seeking care for nonspecific back or neck pain who were employed and at risk for developing long-term disability volunteered to participate in the study. Of these 185, 158 (85%) completed the pre- and 1-year follow-up assessments.Results: Significant differences were observed on the key outcome variables of future health-care utilization and work absenteeism. For health-care utilization, the cognitive-behavioral intervention group and preventive physical therapy group had significantly fewer healthcare visits than did the Minimal Treatment Group. For work absenteeism, the cognitive-behavioral intervention group and cognitive-behavioral intervention and preventive physical therapy group had fewer days during the 12-month follow-up than did the Minimal Treatment Group. The risk for developing long-term sick disability leave was more than five-fold higher in the Minimal Group as compared with the other 2 groups. However, there was no difference between the cognitive-behavioral intervention group and cognitive-behavioral intervention and preventive physical therapy group on sick leave.Conclusion: Taken as a whole, this study shows that adding cognitive-behavioral intervention and cognitive-behavioral intervention and preventive physical therapy can enhance the prevention of long-term disability. There was no substantial difference in the results between the cognitive-behavioral intervention group and cognitive-behavioral intervention and preventive physical therapy group.
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| 17. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing : Shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 15:3, s. 201-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research and theory suggest that the symptom pair of chronic pain and insomnia may be maintained by shared cognitive-behavioral processes and consequences. Purpose: This investigation describes the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to assess the way people think about symptoms of pain and poor sleep. Method: A pool of 12 items was generated from existing and validated measures. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on item responses from a community sample of respondents who reported having had a problem with pain or sleep (n = 1702) during the three months previous to the survey. Multinomial regression analyses (MRA) were used to describe derived subscale responses for distinct groups reporting different degrees of perceived symptom severity and overlap. Results: EFA suggested the existence of three distinct dimensions: safety behaviors of behavioral orientation, safety behaviors of cognitive orientation, and catastrophizing. MRA analyses indicated that catastrophizing appears to be a shared psychological process and that both types of safety behaviors may be enhanced in co-morbid problems with persistent pain and insomnia. Conclusion: Cognitions pertaining to avoidant safety behaviors and catastrophizing are associated with symptom severity and overlap in co-morbid pain and sleep disorders. More research is needed to explore the importance of shared psychological processes and consequences when studying and treating ill health.
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| 18. |
- MacDonald, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing the Past on the Original Pain Recall Assessment Form (OPRA)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Pain. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1526-5900 .- 1528-8447. ; 10:8, s. 809-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Original Pain Recall Assessment form (OPRA) is a technique that allows people to report on their pattern of pain over time. This investigation reports on the psychometric properties of the OPRA. Our results are analyzed from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. Correlation analyses on data from 72 respondents indicate that participants' patterns of symptoms recalled on the OPRA over a 28-day period were positively related to previous daily diary reports. Symptom ratings on an adapted OPRA showed different patterns of association with past symptom reports in distinct subgroups. A hypothesized, primacy recency effect of the diary procedure on symptom recall was supported. Statistics designed for use with paired, ordered categorical data showed acceptable agreement between diary ratings and those made at recall. In a basic research setting, the form offers the potential to evaluate individual correlates of pain recall. It can also be used at an individual level to describe the character of disagreement with prior ratings.PerspectiveThis article presents the psychometric properties of a pain-assessment procedure. Our results suggest that the way people recall their symptoms is related to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral correlates of the pain experience. The importance of individual differences in overt and covert behaviors and their relationship to persistent pain complaints warrants further attention.
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