| 1. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(författare)
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No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 2. |
- Adolph, C, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the eta -> 3 pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution with the WASA detector at COSY
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 677:1-2, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first production run of the WASA experiment at COSY, the eta decay into three neutral pions was measured in proton-proton interactions at a proton beam kinetic energy of 1.4 GeV. The Dalitz plot of the three pious was Studied using 1.2 x 10(5) fully reconstructed events. and the quadratic slope parameter alpha was determined to be -0.027 +/- 0.008(stat) +/- 0.005(syst). The result is consistent with previous measurements and further corroborates the importance of pion-pion final state interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Adlarson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Abashian-Booth-Crowe Effect in Basic Double-Pionic Fusion : A New Resonance?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 106:24, s. 242302-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurement of the basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn -> d pi(0)pi(0) over the full energy region of the ABC effect, a pronounced low-mass enhancement in the pi pi-invariant mass spectrum. The measurements, which cover also the transition region to the conventional t- channel Delta Delta process, were performed with the upgraded WASA detector setup at COSY. The data reveal the Abashian-Booth-Crowe effect to be uniquely correlated with a Lorentzian energy dependence in the integral cross section. The observables are consistent with a narrow resonance with m = 2.37 GeV, Gamma approximate to 70 MeV and I(J(P)) = 0(3(+)) in both pn and Delta Delta systems. Necessary further tests of the resonance interpretation are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Adlarson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a New Resonance from Polarized Neutron-Proton Scattering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 112:20, s. 202301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exclusive and kinematically complete high-statistics measurements of quasifree polarized (n) over right arrowp scattering have been performed in the energy region of the narrow resonancelike structure d* with I(J(P)) = 0(3(+)),M approximate to 2380 MeV, and Gamma approximate to 70 MeV observed recently in the double-pionic fusion channels pn -> d pi(0)pi(0) and pn -> d pi(+)pi(-). The experiment was carried out with the WASA detector setup at COSY having a polarized deuteron beam impinged on the hydrogen pellet target and utilizing the quasifree process (d) over right arrowp -> np + p(spectator). This allowed the np analyzing power, A(y), to be measured over a broad angular range. The obtained A(y) angular distributions deviate systematically from the current SAID SP07 NN partial-wave solution. Incorporating the new A(y) data into the SAID analysis produces a pole in the D-3(3) - (3)G(3) waves in support of the d* resonance hypothesis.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Adlarson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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pi(0)pi(0) Production in proton-proton collisions at T-p=1.4 GeV The WASA-at-COSY Collaboration
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 706:4-5, s. 256-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction pp -> pp pi(0)pi(0) has been investigated at a beam energy of 1.4 GeV using the WASA-at-COSY facility. The total cross section is found to be (324 +/- 21(systematic) +/- 58(normalization)) mu b. In order to study the production mechanism, differential kinematic distributions have been evaluated. The differential distributions indicate that both initial state protons are excited into intermediate Delta(1232) resonances, each decaying into a proton and a single pion, thereby producing the pion pair in the final state. No significant contribution of the Roper resonance N*(1440) via its decay into a proton and two pions is found.
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| 7. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - 1476-5578. ; 28, s. 5251-5261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental healthdisorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li+PGS) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li+PGS was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi+Gen: N=2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N=89) and BipoLife (N=102) studies. The associations of Li+PGS and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P<0.05. Li+PGS was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLi+Gen cohort, in both the categorical (P=9.8×10-12, R2=1.9%) and continuous (P=6.4×10-9, R2=2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1st decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10th decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P=3.9×10-4, R2=0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P=0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li+PGS may be useful in the development of pharmacogenomic testing strategies by enabling a classification of bipolar patients according to their response to treatment.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hou, Liping, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:15, s. 3383-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p=5.87×10(-9); odds ratio=1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p=4.53×10(-9); odds ratio=1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
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| 10. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Polygenic Score for Schizophrenia and HLA Antigen and Inflammation Genes With Response to Lithium in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Genome-Wide Association Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is a first-line mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). However, the efficacy of lithium varies widely, with a nonresponse rate of up to 30%. Biological response markers are lacking. Genetic factors are thought to mediate treatment response to lithium, and there is a previously reported genetic overlap between BPAD and schizophrenia (SCZ).To test whether a polygenic score for SCZ is associated with treatment response to lithium in BPAD and to explore the potential molecular underpinnings of this association.A total of 2586 patients with BPAD who had undergone lithium treatment were genotyped and assessed for long-term response to treatment between 2008 and 2013. Weighted SCZ polygenic scores were computed at different P value thresholds using summary statistics from an international multicenter genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36989 individuals with SCZ and genotype data from patients with BPAD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics. For functional exploration, a cross-trait meta-GWAS and pathway analysis was performed, combining GWAS summary statistics on SCZ and response to treatment with lithium. Data analysis was performed from September 2016 to February 2017.Treatment response to lithium was defined on both the categorical and continuous scales using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. The effect measures include odds ratios and the proportion of variance explained.Of the 2586 patients in the study (mean [SD] age, 47.2 [13.9] years), 1478 were women and 1108 were men. The polygenic score for SCZ was inversely associated with lithium treatment response in the categorical outcome, at a threshold P<5×10-2. Patients with BPAD who had a low polygenic load for SCZ responded better to lithium, with odds ratios for lithium response ranging from 3.46 (95% CI, 1.42-8.41) at the first decile to 2.03 (95% CI, 0.86-4.81) at the ninth decile, compared with the patients in the 10th decile of SCZ risk. In the cross-trait meta-GWAS, 15 genetic loci that may have overlapping effects on lithium treatment response and susceptibility to SCZ were identified. Functional pathway and network analysis of these loci point to the HLA antigen complex and inflammatory cytokines.This study provides evidence for a negative association between high genetic loading for SCZ and poor response to lithium in patients with BPAD. These results suggest the potential for translational research aimed at personalized prescribing of lithium.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Coombes, Brandon J, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Complex psychiatry. - : S. Karger AG. - 2673-3005 .- 2673-298X. ; 7:3-4, s. 80-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (N = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using lassosum and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.03; p value = 0.010) and MDD (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04; p value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34-1.93; p value = 2e-7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD.
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| 13. |
- Herrera-Rivero, Marisol, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the genetics of lithium response in bipolar disorders.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research square.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lithium (Li) remains the treatment of choice for bipolar disorders (BP). Its mood-stabilizing effects help reduce the long-term burden of mania, depression and suicide risk in patients with BP. It also has been shown to have beneficial effects on disease-associated conditions, including sleep and cardiovascular disorders. However, the individual responses to Li treatment vary within and between diagnostic subtypes of BP (e.g. BP-I and BP-II) according to the clinical presentation. Moreover, long-term Li treatment has been linked to adverse side-effects that are a cause of concern and non-adherence, including the risk of developing chronic medical conditions such as thyroid and renal disease. In recent years, studies by the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) have uncovered a number of genetic factors that contribute to the variability in Li treatment response in patients with BP. Here, we leveraged the ConLiGen cohort (N=2,064) to investigate the genetic basis of Li effects in BP. For this, we studied how Li response and linked genes associate with the psychiatric symptoms and polygenic load for medical comorbidities, placing particular emphasis on identifying differences between BP-I and BP-II.We found that clinical response to Li treatment, measured with the Alda scale, was associated with a diminished burden of mania, depression, substance and alcohol abuse, psychosis and suicidal ideation in patients with BP-I and, in patients with BP-II, of depression only. Our genetic analyses showed that a stronger clinical response to Li was modestly related to lower polygenic load for diabetes and hypertension in BP-I but not BP-II. Moreover, our results suggested that a number of genes that have been previously linked to Li response variability in BP differentially relate to the psychiatric symptomatology, particularly to the numbers of manic and depressive episodes, and to the polygenic load for comorbid conditions, including diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism.Taken together, our findings suggest that the effects of Li on symptomatology and comorbidity in BP are partially modulated by common genetic factors, with differential effects between BP-I and BP-II.
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| 14. |
- Ou, Anna H., et al.
(författare)
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Lithium response in bipolar disorder is associated with focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt networks: a multi-omics replication study
- 2024
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Ingår i: TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY. - 2158-3188. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanism of action is incompletely understood, and prediction of treatment outcomes is limited. In our previous multi-omics study of the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder (PGBD) sample combining transcriptomic and genomic data, we found that focal adhesion, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and PI3K-Akt signaling networks were associated with response to lithium. In this study, we replicated the results of our previous study using network propagation methods in a genome-wide association study of an independent sample of 2039 patients from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. We identified functional enrichment in focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt pathways, but we did not find an association with the ECM pathway. Our results suggest that deficits in the neuronal growth cone and PI3K-Akt signaling, but not in ECM proteins, may influence response to lithium in BD.
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| 15. |
- Kalman, Janos L, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating polygenic burden in age at disease onset in bipolar disorder: Findings from an international multicentric study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bipolar disorders. - : Wiley. - 1399-5618 .- 1398-5647. ; 21:1, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) with early disease onset is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and constitutes a clinically and biologically homogenous subgroup within the heterogeneous BD spectrum. Previous studies have found an accumulation of early age at onset (AAO) in BD families and have therefore hypothesized that there is a larger genetic contribution to the early-onset cases than to late onset BD. To investigate the genetic background of this subphenotype, we evaluated whether an increased polygenic burden of BD- and schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated risk variants is associated with an earlier AAO in BD patients.A total of 1995 BD type 1 patients from the Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse and Bonn-Mannheim samples were genotyped and their BD and SCZ polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated using the summary statistics of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a training data set. AAO was either separated into onset groups of clinical interest (childhood and adolescence [≤18years] vs adulthood [>18years]) or considered as a continuous measure. The associations between BD- and SCZ-PRSs and AAO were evaluated with regression models.BD- and SCZ-PRSs were not significantly associated with age at disease onset. Results remained the same when analyses were stratified by site of recruitment.The current study is the largest conducted so far to investigate the association between the cumulative BD and SCZ polygenic risk and AAO in BD patients. The reported negative results suggest that such a polygenic influence, if there is any, is not large, and highlight the importance of conducting further, larger scale studies to obtain more information on the genetic architecture of this clinically relevant phenotype.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Haeni, M., et al.
(författare)
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Winter respiratory C losses provide explanatory power for net ecosystem productivity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953. ; 122:1, s. 243-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate predictions of net ecosystem productivity (NEPc) of forest ecosystems are essential for climate change decisions and requirements in the context of national forest growth and greenhouse gas inventories. However, drivers and underlying mechanisms determining NEPc (e.g., climate and nutrients) are not entirely understood yet, particularly when considering the influence of past periods. Here we explored the explanatory power of the compensation day (cDOY)-defined as the day of year when winter net carbon losses are compensated by spring assimilation-for NEPc in 26 forests in Europe, North America, and Australia, using different NEPc integration methods. We found cDOY to be a particularly powerful predictor for NEPc of temperate evergreen needleleaf forests (R2=0.58) and deciduous broadleaf forests (R2=0.68). In general, the latest cDOY correlated with the lowest NEPc. The explanatory power of cDOY depended on the integration method for NEPc, forest type, and whether the site had a distinct winter net respiratory carbon loss or not. The integration methods starting in autumn led to better predictions of NEPc from cDOY then the classical calendar method starting 1 January. Limited explanatory power of cDOY for NEPc was found for warmer sites with no distinct winter respiratory loss period. Our findings highlight the importance of the influence of winter processes and the delayed responses of previous seasons' climatic conditions on current year's NEPc. Such carry-over effects may contain information from climatic conditions, carbon storage levels, and hydraulic traits of several years back in time.
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| 18. |
- Lang, J. J. K., et al.
(författare)
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Tin-stabilized (1 x 2) and (1 x 4) reconstructions on GaAs(100) and InAs(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations
- 2011
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 605:9-10, s. 883-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tin (Sn) induced (1 x 2) reconstructions on GaAs(100) and InAs(100) substrates have been studied by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and ab initio calculations. The comparison of measured and calculated STM images and surface core-level shifts shows that these surfaces can be well described with the energetically stable building blocks that consist of Sn-III dimers. Furthermore, a new Sn-induced (1 x 4) reconstruction was found. In this reconstruction the occupied dangling bonds are closer to each other than in the more symmetric (1 x 2) reconstruction, and it is shown that the (1 x 4) reconstruction is stabilized as the adatom size increases.
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| 19. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous bismuth-stabilized (2x1) reconstructions on GaAs(100) and InP(100) surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 100, s. 086101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First-principles phase diagrams of bismuth-stabilized GaAs- and InP(100) surfaces demonstrate for the first time the presence of anomalous (2 x 1) reconstructions, which disobey the common electron counting principle. Combining these theoretical results with our scanning-tunneling-microscopy and photoemission measurements, we identify novel (2 x 1) surface structures, which are composed of symmetric Bi-Bi and asymmetric mixed Bi-As and Bi-P dimers, and find that they are stabilized by stress relief and pseudogap formation.
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| 20. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrathin (1x2)-Sn layer on GaAs(100) and InAs(100) substrates : A catalyst for removal of amorphous surface oxides
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:23, s. 231908-1-231908-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous surface oxides of III-V semiconductors are harmful in many contexts of device development. Using low-energy electron diffraction and photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrate that surface oxides formed at Sn-capped GaAs(100) and InAs(100) surfaces in air are effectively removed by heating. This Sn-mediated oxide desorption procedure results in the initial well-defined Sn-stabilized (1x2) surface even for samples exposed to air for a prolonged time. Based on ab initio calculations we propose that the phenomenon is due to indirect and direct effects of Sn. The Sn-induced surface composition weakens oxygen adsorption.
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| 21. |
- Punkkinen, M. P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Bismuth-stabilized (2x1) and (2x4) reconstructions on GaAs(100) surfaces : Combined first-principles, photoemission, and scanning tunneling microscopy study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 78, s. 195304-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bismuth adsorbate-stabilized (2x1) and (2x4) reconstructions of the GaAs(100) surfaces have been studied by first-principles calculations, valence-band and core-level photoelectron spectroscopies, and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is demonstrated that large Bi atom size leads to the formation of the pseudogap at the Fermi energy and to the lower energy of an adsorbate-derived surface band, which contributes to the stabilization of the exceptional Bi/GaAs(100)(2x1) reconstruction. It is proposed that the Bi/GaAs(100)(2x4) reconstructions include asymmetric mixed Bi-As dimers, in addition to the Bi-Bi dimers. Based on the calculations, we solve the atomic origins of the surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) of the Bi 5d photoemission spectra from the Bi/GaAs(100)(2x4) surfaces. This allows for resolving the puzzle related to the identification of two SCLS components often found in the measurements of the Bi 5d and Sb 4d core-level emissions of the Bi/III-V and Sb/III-V(100)(2x4) surfaces. Finally, the reason for the absence of the common (2x4)-beta 2 structure and additional support for the stability of the (2x1) structure on the Bi/III-V(100) surfaces are discussed in terms of Bi atom size and subsurface stress.
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| 22. |
- Hveem, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Chromatin Structure in Curettage Specimens Identifies High-Risk Patients in Endometrial Cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 26:1, s. 61-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most endometrial carcinoma patients are diagnosed at an early stage with a good prognosis. However, a relatively low fraction with lethal disease constitutes a substantial number of patients due to the high incidence rate. Preoperative identification of patients with high risk and low risk for poor outcome is necessary to tailor treatment. Nucleotyping refers to characterization of cell nuclei by image cytometry, including the assessment of chromatin structure by nuclear texture analysis. This method is a strong prognostic marker in many cancers but has not been evaluated in preoperative curettage specimens from endometrial carcinoma. Methods: The prognostic impact of changes in chromatin structure quantified with Nucleotyping was evaluated in preoperative curettage specimens from 791 endometrial carcinoma patients prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicenter trial. Results: Nucleotyping was an independent prognostic marker of disease-specific survival in preoperative curettage specimens among patients with Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stage I-II disease (HR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-6.5; P - 0.013) and significantly associated with age, FIGO stage, histologic type, histologic grade, myometrial infiltration, lymph node status, curettage histology type, and DNA ploidy. Conclusions: Nucleotyping in preoperative curettage specimens is an independent prognostic marker for disease-specific survival, with potential to supplement existing parameters for risk stratification to tailor treatment. Impact: This is the first study to evaluate the prognostic impact of Nucleotyping in curettage specimens from endometrial carcinoma and shows that this may be a clinically useful prognostic marker in endometrial cancer. External validation is warranted. (C) 2016 AACR.
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| 23. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(författare)
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Bismuth-stabilized c(2X6) reconstruction on a InSb(100) substrate : Violation of the electron counting model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X .- 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 81:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), photoelectron spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, we have studied the bismuth (Bi) adsorbate-stabilized InSb(100) substrate surface which shows a c(2X6) low-energy electron diffraction pattern [thus labeled Bi/InSb(100)c(2X6) surface] and which includes areas with metallic STS curves as well as areas with semiconducting STS curves. The first-principles phase diagram of the Bi/InSb(100) surface demonstrates the presence of the Bi-stabilized metallic c(2X6) reconstruction and semiconducting (4X3) reconstruction depending on the chemical potentials, in good agreement with STS results. The existence of the metallic c(2X6) phase, which does not obey the electron counting model, is attributed to the partial prohibition of the relaxation in the direction perpendicular to dimer rows in the competing reconstructions and the peculiar stability of the Bi-stabilized dimer rows. Based on (i) first-principles phase diagram, (ii) STS results, and (iii) comparison of the measured and calculated STM and photoemission data, we show that the measured Bi/InSb(100)c(2X6) surface includes metallic areas with the stable c(2X6) atomic structure and semiconducting areas with the stable (4X3) atomic structure.
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| 24. |
- Laukkanen, P., et al.
(författare)
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Core-level shifts of the c(8 x 2)-reconstructed InAs(100) and InSb(100) surfaces
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 177:1, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied In-stabilized c(8 2)-reconstructed InAs(1 0 0) and InSb(1 0 0) semiconductor surfaces, which play a key role in growing improved III-V interfaces for electronics devices, by core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The calculated surface core-level shifts (SCLSs) for the zeta and zeta a models, which have been previously established to describe the atomic structures of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, yield hitherto not reported interpretation for the As 3d, In 4d, and Sb 4d core-level spectra of the III-V(1 00)c(8 x 2) surfaces, concerning the number and origins of SCLSs. The fitting analysis of the measured spectra with the calculated zeta and zeta a SCLS values shows that the InSb spectra are reproduced by the zeta SCLSs better than by the zeta a SCLSs. Interestingly, the zeta a fits agree better with the InAs spectra than the zeta fits do, indicating that the zeta a model describes the InAs surface better than the InSb surface. These results are in agreement with previous X-ray diffraction data. Furthermore, an introduction of the complete-screening model, which includes both the initial and final state effects, does not improve the fitting of the InSb spectra, proposing the suitability of the initial-state model for the SCLSs of the III-V(1 0 0)c(8 x 2) surfaces. The found SCLSs are discussed with the ab initio on-site charges.
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| 25. |
- Laukkanen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic and structural properties of GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) surfaces studied by core-level photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 72:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic and structural properties of GaAs(100)(2x4), InAs(100)(2x4), and Sb/InAs(100)(2x4) reconstructed surfaces have been studied by synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Based on the difference spectrum of As 3d core-level spectra of III-As(100)(2x4), measured in different surface-sensitivity conditions, as well as the line shape of the As 3d emission from the Sb-induced (2x4) surface, we give evidence that the As 3d spectra of GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) consist of two surface-core-level-shifted components. One of them is shifted about 0.2 eV to the lower kinetic energy from the bulk component. On the basis of the relative component intensities, this surface-shifted As 3d component is assigned to the emission from the first-layer As dimers in the established model of the (2x4) surface. The other component, shifted about 0.3 eV to the higher kinetic energy, is connected to the third-layer As-dimer site. The comparison of the core-level results between GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) suggests that the alpha 2 phase, which has one As dimer in both the first and third atomic layers per unit cell, exists on GaAs(100)(2x4), similarly to the case of InAs(100)(2x4), as predicted in theory but not observed to date. Furthermore, the STM observation of the GaAs(100)(2x4)alpha 2 phase is reported.
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| 26. |
- Moskal, P., et al.
(författare)
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Near-threshold production of the eta meson via the quasifree pn -> pn eta reaction
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 79:1, s. 015208-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total cross sections for the quasifree pn -> pn eta reaction in the range from the kinematical threshold up to 20 MeV excess energy have been determined. At threshold they exceed corresponding cross sections for the pn -> pn eta reaction by a factor of about 3 in contrast to the factor of 6 established for higher excess energies. To large extent, the observed decrease of the ratio s(pn -> pn eta)/s=sigma(pn -> pn eta) toward threshold may be assigned to the different energy dependence of the proton-proton and proton-neutron final-state interactions. The experiment was conducted using a proton beam of the cooler synchrotron COSY and a cluster jet deuteron target. The proton- neutron reactions were tagged by the spectator proton whose momentum was measured for each event. Protons and neutron outgoing from the pn -> pn eta reaction have been registered by means of the COSY-11 facility, an apparatus dedicated for threshold meson production.
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| 27. |
- Nicolai, L., et al.
(författare)
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Bi ultra-thin crystalline films on InAs(111)A and B substrates: a combined core-level and valence-band angle-resolved and dichroic photoemission study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 21:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth of Bi on both the In-terminated (A) face and the As-terminated (B) face of InAs(111) has been investigated by low-energy electron diffraction, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The changes upon Bi deposition of the In 4d and Bi 5d(5/2) photoelectron signals allow to get a comprehensive picture of the Bi/InAs(111) interface. From the early stage the Bi growth on the A face is epitaxial, contrary to that on the B face that proceeds via the formation of islands. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectra show that the electronic structure of a Bi deposit of approximate to 10 bi-layers on the A face is identical to that of bulk Bi, while more than approximate to 30 bi-layers are needed for the B face. Both bulk and surface electronic states observed are well accounted for by fully relativistic ab initio calculations performed using the one-step model of photoemission. These calculations are used to analyse the dichroic photoemission data recorded in the vicinity of the Fermi level around the (Gamma) over bar point of the Brillouin zone.
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| 28. |
- Njolstad, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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DNA ploidy in curettage specimens identifies high-risk patients and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer
- 2015
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 112:10, s. 1656-1664
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preoperative risk stratification is essential in tailoring endometrial cancer treatment, and biomarkers predicting lymph node metastasis and aggressive disease are aspired in clinical practice. DNA ploidy assessment in hysterectomy specimens is a well-established prognostic marker. DNA ploidy assessment in preoperative curettage specimens is less studied, and in particular in relation to the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Methods: Curettage image cytometry DNA ploidy in relation to established clinicopathological variables and outcome was investigated in 785 endometrial carcinoma patients prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicentre trial. Results: Diploid curettage status was found in 72.0%, whereas 28.0% were non-diploid. Non-diploid status significantly correlated with traditional aggressive postoperative clinicopathological features, and was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis among FIGO stage I-III patients in multivariate analysis (OR 1.94, P = 0.033). Non-diploid status was related to shorter disease-specific survival (5-year DSS of 74.4% vs 88.8% for diploid curettage, P<0.001). When stratifying by FIGO stage and lymph node status, the prognostic effect remained. However, in multivariate regression analysis, preoperative histological risk classification was a stronger predictor of DSS than DNA ploidy. Conclusions: Non-diploid curettage is significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological phenotype, lymph node metastasis, and poor survival in endometrial cancer. The prognostic effect was also observed among subgroups with (presumably) less aggressive traits, such as low FIGO stage and negative lymph node status. Our results indicate curettage DNA ploidy as a possible supplement to existing parameters used to tailor surgical treatment. ELER VM, 1991, CANCER, V67, P3093
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| 29. |
- Punkkinen, Marko Patrick John, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidized In-containing III-V(100) surfaces : Formation of crystalline oxide films and semiconductor-oxide interfaces
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 83:19, s. 195329-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously found oxidized III-V semiconductor surfaces have been generally structurally disordered and useless for applications. We disclose a family of well-ordered oxidized InAs, InGaAs, InP, and InSb surfaces found by experiments. The found epitaxial oxide-III-V interface is insulating and free of defects related to the harmful Fermi-level pinning, which opens up new possibilities to develop long-sought III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors. Calculations reveal that the early stages in the oxidation process include only O-III bonds due to the geometry of the III-V(100)c(8 x 2) substrate, which is responsible for the formation of the ordered interface. The found surfaces provide a different platform to study the oxidation and properties of oxides, e. g., the origins of the photoemission shifts and electronic structures, using surface science methods.
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| 30. |
- Bellenguez, Celine, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies a variant in HDAC9 associated with large vessel ischemic stroke
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 44:3, s. 141-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic factors have been implicated in stroke risk, but few replicated associations have been reported. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for ischemic stroke and its subtypes in 3,548 affected individuals and 5,972 controls, all of European ancestry. Replication of potential signals was performed in 5,859 affected individuals and 6,281 controls. We replicated previous associations for cardioembolic stroke near PITX2 and ZFHX3 and for large vessel stroke at a 9p21 locus. We identified a new association for large vessel stroke within HDAC9 (encoding histone deacetylase 9) on chromosome 7p21.1 (including further replication in an additional 735 affected individuals and 28,583 controls) (rs11984041; combined P = 1.87 x 10(-11); odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.57). All four loci exhibited evidence for heterogeneity of effect across the stroke subtypes, with some and possibly all affecting risk for only one subtype. This suggests distinct genetic architectures for different stroke subtypes.
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| 31. |
- Chen, Hongjie, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale cross-cancer fine-mapping of the 5p15.33 region reveals multiple independent signals
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Human Genetics and Genomics Advances. - : Cell Press. - 2666-2477. ; 2:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of cancer risk loci revealing many risk regions shared across multiple cancers. Characterizing the cross-cancer shared genetic basis can increase our understanding of global mechanisms of cancer development. In this study, we collected GWAS summary statistics based on up to 375,468 cancer cases and 530,521 controls for fourteen types of cancer, including breast (overall, estrogen receptor [ER]-positive, and ER-negative), colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head/neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancer, to characterize the shared genetic basis of cancer risk. We identified thirteen pairs of cancers with statistically significant local genetic correlations across eight distinct genomic regions. Specifically, the 5p15.33 region, harboring the TERT and CLPTM1L genes, showed statistically significant local genetic correlations for multiple cancer pairs. We conducted a cross-cancer fine-mapping of the 5p15.33 region based on eight cancers that showed genome-wide significant associations in this region (ER-negative breast, colorectal, glioma, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer). We used an iterative analysis pipeline implementing a subset-based meta-analysis approach based on cancer-specific conditional analyses and identified ten independent cross-cancer associations within this region. For each signal, we conducted cross-cancer fine-mapping to prioritize the most plausible causal variants. Our findings provide a more in-depth understanding of the shared inherited basis across human cancers and expand our knowledge of the 5p15.33 region in carcinogenesis.
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| 32. |
- Guziewicz, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Synchrotron photoemission study of (Zn,Co)O films with uniform Co distribution
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-806X. ; 80:10, s. 1046-1050
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results of a resonant photoemission study of (Zn,Co)O films with Co content between 2% and 7%. The films were grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) at low temperature of 160 degrees C and show fully paramagnetic behavior. The Co ions are uniformly distributed in the ZnO matrix and are free of foreign phases and metal accumulations as indicated by TEM data. The electronic structure of (Zn,Co)O films was studied by Resonant Photoemission Spectroscopy across the Co3p-Co3d photoionization threshold. We have observed that the resonant enhancement of the photoemission intensity from the Co3d shell is not the same for samples with different cobalt content. We suggest that the Co3d contribution to the valence band depends on both Co and H content. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
- Lindström, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analyses characterize shared heritability among cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility regions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 115:6, s. 712-732
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The shared inherited genetic contribution to risk of different cancers is not fully known. In this study, we leverage results from 12 cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to quantify pairwise genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility loci.METHODS: We collected GWAS summary statistics for 12 solid cancers based on 376 759 participants with cancer and 532 864 participants without cancer of European ancestry. The included cancer types were breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. We conducted cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies to discover novel cancer susceptibility loci. Finally, we assessed the extent of variant-specific pleiotropy among cancers at known and newly identified cancer susceptibility loci.RESULTS: We observed widespread but modest genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers. In cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies, we identified 15 novel cancer susceptibility loci. Additionally, we identified multiple variants at 77 distinct loci with strong evidence of being associated with at least 2 cancer types by testing for pleiotropy at known cancer susceptibility loci.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that some genetic risk variants are shared among cancers, though much of cancer heritability is cancer-specific and thus tissue-specific. The increase in statistical power associated with larger sample sizes in cross-disease analysis allows for the identification of novel susceptibility regions. Future studies incorporating data on multiple cancer types are likely to identify additional regions associated with the risk of multiple cancer types.
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| 34. |
- Njolstad, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Late-week surgical treatment of endometrial cancer is associated with worse long-term outcome: Results from a prospective, multicenter study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgery is the cornerstone in primary endometrial cancer treatment, and with curative intent it constitutes total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy. In addition, lympha-denectomy is performed in selected patients dependent on a preoperative risk assessment. Recent reports from the surgical approach to esophageal cancer reveal worse outcome when esophagectomy is performed later in the week. On this basis, we set out to explore weekday of surgery in relation to long-term outcome in 1302 endometrial cancer patients prospectively included in the MoMaTEC multicenter study. Day of surgery was dichotomized as early-week (Monday-Tuesday) or late-week (Wednesday-Friday), and evaluated as a discrete variable. Adjusted for patient age, Body Mass Index (BMI), FIGO stage, and histology, surgery performed later in the week was associated with 50.9% increased risk of all-cause death (p = 0.029). Among high-stage patients (FIGO stage III and IV), 5-year disease-specific survival proportions were 53.0% for early-week operated vs. 40.2% for lateweek operated (p = 0.005 for difference). In multivariate survival analysis of high-stage patients, late-week surgery correlated with an increased risk of disease-specific death by 88.7% and all-cause death by 76.4% (p<0.017). Evaluating only patients who underwent lymphadenectomy, the adverse prognostic effect of being operated late-week remained for both disease-specific and all-cause death (HR 2.151 and HR 1.912, p = 0.004). Whether surgery was performed early- or late-week was not influenced by patient age, BMI, preoperative histology risk classification, FIGO stage or postoperative histology (all p>0.05). In conclusion, endometrial cancer surgery conducted late-week is associated with worse long-term outcome. Our findings are most evident among patients with higher FIGO stages, and patients who underwent more extensive surgical procedure (lymphadenectomy). With support from other studies, our results suggest that high-risk patients may benefit from surgery earlier in the week.
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| 35. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 36. |
- Su, Zhan, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined=4.09×10(-9); odds ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined=2.74×10(-10); OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
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| 37. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 38. |
- Wiedorn, Max O., et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz serial crystallography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a beta-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.
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| 39. |
- Bateman, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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RNAcentral: A vision for an international database of RNA sequences.
- 2011
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Ingår i: RNA (New York, N.Y.). - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1469-9001 .- 1355-8382. ; 17:11, s. 1941-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade there has been a great increase in the number of noncoding RNA genes identified, including new classes such as microRNAs and piRNAs. There is also a large growth in the amount of experimental characterization of these RNA components. Despite this growth in information, it is still difficult for researchers to access RNA data, because key data resources for noncoding RNAs have not yet been created. The most pressing omission is the lack of a comprehensive RNA sequence database, much like UniProt, which provides a comprehensive set of protein knowledge. In this article we propose the creation of a new open public resource that we term RNAcentral, which will contain a comprehensive collection of RNA sequences and fill an important gap in the provision of biomedical databases. We envision RNA researchers from all over the world joining a federated RNAcentral network, contributing specialized knowledge and databases. RNAcentral would centralize key data that are currently held across a variety of databases, allowing researchers instant access to a single, unified resource. This resource would facilitate the next generation of RNA research and help drive further discoveries, including those that improve food production and human and animal health. We encourage additional RNA database resources and research groups to join this effort. We aim to obtain international network funding to further this endeavor.
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| 40. |
- Bauer, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of psychiatric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1379 .- 0022-3956. ; 113, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many international studies, rates of completed suicide and suicide attempts have a seasonal pattern that peaks in spring or summer. This exploratory study investigated the association between solar insolation and a history of suicide attempt in patients with bipolar I disorder. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area on Earth. Data were collected previously from 5536 patients with bipolar I disorder at 50 collection sites in 32 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Suicide related data were available for 3365 patients from 310 onset locations in 51 countries. 1047 (31.1%) had a history of suicide attempt. There was a significant inverse association between a history of suicide attempt and the ratio of mean winter solar insolation/mean summer solar insolation. This ratio is smallest near the poles where the winter insolation is very small compared to the summer insolation. This ratio is largest near the equator where there is relatively little variation in the insolation over the year. Other variables in the model that were positively associated with suicide attempt were being female, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, and being in a younger birth cohort. Living in a country with a state-sponsored religion decreased the association. (All estimated coefficients p<0.01). In summary, living in locations with large changes in solar insolation between winter and summer may be associated with increased suicide attempts in patients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of the impacts of solar insolation on the course of bipolar disorder is needed.
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| 41. |
- Cieslak, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Ultra long-lived electron-hole separation within water-soluble colloidal ZnO nanocrystals : Prospective Applications For Solar Energy Production
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-2855. ; 30, s. 187-192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide was one of the first semiconductors used in dye-sensitized solar cells but its instability in aqueous media precludes its use for large-scale applications. Herein, we report on a novel ZnO nanocrystal material derived by an organometallic approach that is simultaneously stable and soluble in water due to its carboxylate oligoethylene glycol shell strongly anchored to the inorganic core by the head groups. The resulting unique inorganic core-organic shell interface also stabilizes the photo-generated hole, leading to a dramatic slowing down of charge recombination, which otherwise is a major hurdle in using nanostructured ZnO.
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| 42. |
- Cruz, Jose Almeida, et al.
(författare)
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RNA-Puzzles : A CASP-like evaluation of RNA three-dimensional structure prediction
- 2012
-
Ingår i: RNA. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1355-8382 .- 1469-9001. ; 18:4, s. 610-625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of a first, collective, blind experiment in RNA three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction, encompassing three prediction puzzles. The goals are to assess the leading edge of RNA structure prediction techniques; compare existing methods and tools; and evaluate their relative strengths, weaknesses, and limitations in terms of sequence length and structural complexity. The results should give potential users insight into the suitability of available methods for different applications and facilitate efforts in the RNA structure prediction community in ongoing efforts to improve prediction tools. We also report the creation of an automated evaluation pipeline to facilitate the analysis of future RNA structure prediction exercises.
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| 43. |
- Di Marco, I., et al.
(författare)
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Electron correlations in Mn(x)Ga(1–x)As as seen by resonant electron spectroscopy and dynamical mean field theory
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 6-2645
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After two decades since the discovery of ferromagnetism in manganese-doped gallium arsenide, its origin is still debated, and many doubts are related to the electronic structure. Here we report an experimental and theoretical study of the valence electron spectrum of manganese-doped gallium arsenide. The experimental data are obtained through the differences between off- and on-resonance photo emission data. The theoretical spectrum is calculated by means of a combination of density-functional theory in the local density approximation and dynamical mean field theory, using exact diagonalization as impurity solver. Theory is found to accurately reproduce measured data and illustrates the importance of correlation effects. Our results demonstrate that the manganese states extend over a broad range of energy, including the top of the valence band, and that no impurity band splits-off from the valence band edge, whereas the induced holes seem located primarily around the manganese impurity.
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| 44. |
- Dziawa, P., et al.
(författare)
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Defect Free PbTe Nanowires Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on GaAs(111)B Substrates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7483 .- 1528-7505. ; 10:1, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular beam epitaxial growth of PbTe nanowires oil GaAs(111)B substrates is reported. The growth process was based oil the Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. These nanowires grow along the [100] axis; they are perpendicular to the substrate, have tapered shapes, and have diameters of about 90 rim at the base and 60 run at the top. High resolution transmission electron microscopy pictures reveal that the PbTe nanowires have a rock-salt structure and, in contrast to the one-dimensional structures of III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors such as GaAs. InAs, or ZnTe, are free from stacking faults. A theoretical analysis of these experimental findings, which is based oil ab initio modeling of the PbTe nanowires, is also presented.
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| 45. |
- Fedorych, OM, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic order in semiconducting, ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs
- 2004
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Ingår i: Semiconductor Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0268-1242 .- 1361-6641. ; 19:4, s. 492-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic resonance studies allow us to distinguish paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic phases in Ga1-xMnxAs. The transition from ferromagnet to ferrimagnet is correlated with a metal to insulator transition. The analysis of spin wave resonance spectra, which occur in the ferrimagnetic phase, allows us to estimate the magnitude and the distance dependence of exchange coupling. The experimentally evaluated long range of exchange causes an effective averaging of the fluctuation of exchange interactions. As a consequence, in the semimetallic phase both spin subsystems coherently precess forming the ferrimagnetic structure. In the insulating phase, fluctuations of the local exchange field lead to a fast decoherence of the carrier spins and only the localized Mn spins form the ferromagnetic moment.
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| 46. |
- Gluba, L., et al.
(författare)
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On the nature of the Mn-related states in the band structure of (Ga,Mn)As alloys via probing the E-1 and E-1 + Delta(1) optical transitions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 105:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dilute (Ga,Mn)As became a model ferromagnetic semiconductor, however there is still a disagreement on the source of its magnetism. In this paper, we verify the ellipsometric results and compare them with more precise photoreflectance method, which gives an important insight into the interaction of the Mn-related states with the ones of GaAs valence band. No spectral shifts observed for the E-1 and E-1 + Delta(1) interband transitions in highly doped and annealed (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers indicate that the coupling between a detached Mn impurity band and the valence band does not occur. Our findings are supported by the characterizations of the (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers with the high resolution transmission electron microscopy and magnetization measurements. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
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| 47. |
- Gryglas-Borysiewicz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrostatic pressure study of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition in (Ga,Mn)As
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 82:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition has been studied in (Ga,Mn)As. The variation in the Curie temperature (T-C) with pressure was monitored by two transport methods: (1) measurement of zero-field resistivity versus temperature rho(T) and (2) dependence on temperature of the Hall voltage hysteresis loop. Two specimens of different resistivity characteristics were examined. The measured pressure-induced changes in T-C were relatively small (on the order of 1 K/GPa) for both samples, however they were opposite for the two.
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| 48. |
- Gutowski, M. W., et al.
(författare)
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Interval Identification of FMR Parameters for Spin Reorientation Transition in (Ga,Mn)As
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica. Series A: General Physics, Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics and Quantum Electronics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Applied Physics. - 0587-4246. ; 121:5-6, s. 1228-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we report results of ferromagnetic resonance studies of a 6% 15 nm (Ga,Mn)As layer, deposited on (001)-oriented GaAs. The measurements were performed with in-plane oriented magnetic field, in the temperature range between 5 K and 120 K. We observe a temperature induced reorientation of the effective in-plane easy axis from [(1) over bar 10] to [110] direction close to the Curie temperature. The behavior of magnetization is described by anisotropy fields, H-eff (= 4 pi M - H-2 perpendicular to), H-2 parallel to, and H-4 parallel to. In order to precisely investigate this reorientation, numerical values of anisotropy fields have been determined using powerful - but still largely unknown - interval calculations. In simulation mode this approach makes possible to find all the resonance fields for arbitrarily oriented sample, which is generally intractable analytically. In "fitting" mode we effectively utilize full experimental information, not only those measurements performed in special, distinguished directions, to reliably estimate the values of important physical parameters as well as their uncertainties and correlations.
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| 49. |
- Guziewicz, E., et al.
(författare)
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Mn on the surface of ZnO(0001) - a resonant photoemisson study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T115, s. 541-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of Mn/ZnO system has been invesigated by synchrotron radiation photoemission. Manganese vacuum deposition was done at room temperature onto a ZnO(0001) single crystal for coverage Mn-Theta <= 4 ML. Photoemission spectra taken near the Mn3p-Mn3d absorption edge after each deposition step show resonant enhancement of Mn3d states within 10 eV of the Fermi edge. The experimentally deduced partial Mn3d density of states for Theta >= 1.2 ML shows at least three features: a major Mn3d structure at 3.8-4.5 eV below the Fermi edge, a valence structure at lower binding energy (1-3 eV) and a broad satelite in the 5.5-9 eV range. The branching ratio of satellite/main structure increases with depostion from 0.33 for 0.4 ML to 0.65 for 4 ML. After annealing up to 500 degrees C the satellite/main ratio decreases to 0.43 indicating a high degree of hybridization between the Mn3d states and valence band of ZnO. After annealing no manganese cap layer was found at the crystal surfaces as was confirmed by the lack of metallic Fermi edge in photoemission spectra and by scanning Auger spectroscopy experiment. The photoemission Mn3p core level spectra taken after annealing consist of two components separated by about 4 eV, which shows that at least two manganese states are observed in the Mn-ZnO interface region.
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| 50. |
- Juszynski, P., et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic anisotropy investigations of (Ga,Mn)As with a large epitaxial strain
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853. ; 396, s. 48-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic properties of 20 nm thick (Ga,Mn)As layer deposited on (Ga,ln)As buffer with very large epitaxial tensile strain are investigated. Gal,In,As buffer with x=30% provides a 2% lattice mismatch, which is an important extension of the mismatch range studied so far (up to 0.5%). Evolution of magnetic anisotropy as a function of temperature is determined by magnetotransport measurements. Additionally, results of direct measurements of magnetization are shown. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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