| 1. |
- Jatta, Ken, et al.
(författare)
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Lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in human carotid lesions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-1172 .- 1423-0135. ; 42:3, s. 266-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The release of cytokines and chemokines from activated immune-competent cells plays a crucial role in determining the pathology of the atherogenic progress. We investigated the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cytokine/chemokine expression in carotid lesions and normal renal arteries. The lesions or renal arteries were incubated for 6 h at 37 degrees C in serum-free media treated with or without LPS. After LPS treatment, increased protein levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 were observed in the culture medium from the lesions measured with cytometric bead array. We were able to detect the induction of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 mRNA in the lesions after stimulation with LPS using real-time PCR. In renal arteries, LPS also induces mRNA expression of all chemokines and cytokines investigated with the exception of IL-6. However, LPS induces significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 mRNA in lesions compared to renal arteries. The results suggest that infectious agents are capable of enhancing the production of cytokines/chemokines in an already ongoing inflammatory process such as in atherosclerosis, and that low levels of circulating LPS may affect the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines much more in atherosclerotic vessels than in normal vessels and may contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic lesion.
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| 2. |
- Olofsson, Peder, et al.
(författare)
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The antiviral cytomegalovirus inducible gene 5/viperin is expressed in atherosclerosis and regulated by proinflammatory agents
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : American Heart Association. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 25:7, s. 113-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:Inflammatory processes play an important role in atherosclerosis, and increasing evidence implies that microbial pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the development and activation of atherosclerotic lesions. To find new inflammatory genes, we explored the vascular transcriptional response to an activator of innate immunity bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs).METHODS AND RESULTS:Gene arrays identified the cytomegalovirus-inducible gene 5 (cig5)/viperin among the genes most potently induced by LPS in human vascular biopsies. Viperin was expressed by endothelial cells in atherosclerotic arteries and significantly elevated in atherosclerotic compared with normal arteries. In culture, cytomegalovirus infection, interferon-gamma, and LPS induced viperin expression.CONCLUSIONS:Viperin is expressed in atherosclerosis and induced in vascular cells by inflammatory stimuli and cytomegalovirus infection. The putative functions of viperin in atherosclerosis may relate to disease-associated microbes.
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