| 1. |
- Alcorn, J, et al.
(författare)
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Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:3, s. 294-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Castro-Tirado, A. J., et al.
(författare)
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GRB 030227 : The first multiwavelength afterglow of an INTEGRAL GRB
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 411:1, s. 315-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present multiwavelength observations of a gamma-ray burst detected byINTEGRAL (GRB 030227) between 5.3 hours and ~ 1.7days after the event. Here we report the discovery of a dim opticalafterglow (OA) that would not have been detected by many previoussearches due to its faintess (R ~ 23). This OA was seen to declinefollowing a power law decay with index alpha R = -0.95 +/-0.16. The spectral index beta_ opt/NIR yielded -1.25 +/- 0.14. Thesevalues may be explained by a relativistic expansion of a fireball (withp = 2.0) in the cooling regime. We also find evidence for inverseCompton scattering in X-rays.Based on observations with INTEGRAL, an ESA project with instruments andscience data centre funded by ESA member states (especially the PIcountries: Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Spain), CzechRepublic and Poland, and with the participation of Russia and the USA.Also partially based on observations collected by the Gamma-Ray BurstCollaboration at ESO (GRACE) at the European Southern Observatory, Chile(ESO Large Programme 165.H-0464).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jensen, DR, et al.
(författare)
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Wobbling phonon excitations, coexisting with normal deformed structures in Lu-163
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - 0375-9474. ; 703:1-2, s. 3-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wobbling is a rotational mode unique to a triaxial body. The Lu-Hf isotopes with N similar to 94 at high spin provide a possible region of nuclei with pronounced triaxiality. We have investigated Lu-163 through the fusion-evaporation reaction La-139(Si-29,5n)Lu-163 with a beam energy of 152 MeV. Three excited bands decaying into the known, presumably triaxial, superdeformed (TSD) band built on the i(13/2) proton orbital are observed. The electromagnetic properties of the connecting transitions from the two strongest populated excited TSD bands have been investigated. New particle-rotor calculations in which one i(13/2) quasiproton is coupled to the core of triaxial shape produce a variety of bands, whose properties can clearly be interpreted either as "wobbling" or "cranking" motion of the core. Evidence for the assignment of the excited TSD bands as one, and possibly even two wobbling phonon modes built on the yrast TSD band in Lu-163 is given. These triaxial bands coexist with bands built on quasiparticle excitations in the normal deformed (ND) minimum for which new data are also presented.
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| 5. |
- Cornwall, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Authentication and authorization mechanisms for multi-domain grid environments
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Grid Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-7873 .- 1572-9184. ; 2:4, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the authentication and the authorization aspects of security in grid environments spanning multiple administrative domains. Achievements in these areas are presented using the EU DataGrid project as an example implementation. It also gives an outlook on future directions of development.
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| 6. |
- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jensen, DR, et al.
(författare)
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Coexisting wobbling and quasiparticle excitations in the triaxial potential well of Lu-163
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. Hadrons and Nuclei. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001. ; 19:2, s. 173-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states of the nucleus Lu-163 have been populated through the fusion-evaporation reaction La-139(Si-29, 5n) with a beam energy of 157 MeV. In addition to the two lowest excited triaxial strongly deformed (TSD) bands, recently interpreted as one- and two-phonon wobbling excitations, a third excited TSD band has been firmly established decaying to the yrast TSD band. The assignment of this band as a three-quasiparticle band shows together with the normal deformed (ND) level scheme the presence not only of shape coexistence between ND and TSD structures, but also an interplay of wobbling and quasiparticle excitations in the triaxial strongly deformed potential well of Lu-163.
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| 9. |
- Jensen, DR, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for second-phonon nuclear wobbling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 89:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleus Lu-163 has been populated through the reaction La-139(Si-29,5n) with a beam energy of 157 MeV. Three triaxial, strongly deformed (TSD) bands have been observed with very similar rotational properties. The first excited TSD band has earlier been assigned as a one-phonon wobbling excitation built on the lowest-lying (yrast) TSD band. The large B(E2)(out)/B(E2)(in) value obtainable for one of four observed transitions between the second and first excited TSD bands is in good agreement with particle-rotor calculations for a two-phonon wobbling excitation.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Schonwasser, G, et al.
(författare)
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Coexisting normal and triaxial superdeformed structures in Lu-165
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 735:3-4, s. 393-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in Lu-165 were populated in the La-139(Si-30, 4n) reaction at a beam energy of 152 MeV and gamma-ray coincidences were measured with the EUROBALL spectrometer array. Nine new rotational bands were discovered, known band structures were considerably extended and many inter-band transitions were found. Structures with normal deformation coexist with bands associated with the strongly deformed triaxial energy minima found in calculations. Three of these triaxial bands form a family of wobbling excitations with phonon quanta n(w) = 0, 1 and 2. The wobbling mode is a unique signature of nuclear triaxiality. Configuration assignments are discussed for the observed band structures. An exchange of configuration between two of the new bands due to mixing is observed, resulting in different signature partnerships at low and high spins.
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| 12. |
- Schonwasser, G, et al.
(författare)
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One- and two-phonon wobbling excitations in triaxial Lu-165
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 552:1-2, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in Lu-165 have been investigated by in-beam gamma-ray coincidence spectroscopy using the EUROBALL spectrometer array. Two new excited rotational bands have been discovered with features similar to a previously known triaxial superdeformed band in that nucleus. Comparison of the decay pattern of these bands, in particular the unusually large E2 transition strength from the first excited to the yrast superdeformed band, to theoretical calculations shows that they belong to a family of wobbling excitations with phonon numbers n(w) = 0, 1 and 2. These results, together with evidence for nuclear wobbling in the neighbouring isotopes Lu-163 and Lu-167, firmly establish this mode of excitation in the A = 165 mass region. The observation of wobbling is a unique signature of stable nuclear triaxiality. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lieder, R. M., et al.
(författare)
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From highly to superdeformed shapes : study of Gd-143
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 671:04-jan, s. 52-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A superdeformed band has been discovered in Gd-143 consisting Of 15 transitions. It does not show the band crossing observed in the neighbouring heavier Gd isotopes and it is degenerate with the superdeformed band in Eu-143. In contrast to other degenerate bands at superdeformed shape, the configurations of the bands are quite different here. They result from the exchange of a nu 6(4) with a pi[404]9/2 configuration. In addition, a collective band has been observed which adopts a well-deformed triaxial shape at high spins according to calculations. The transition from highly to superdeformed shapes proceeds via triaxial shapes.
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| 17. |
- Lipoglavsek, M., et al.
(författare)
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First Observation of Excitation Across the 100Sn Core
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics, Section A. - 0375-9474. ; 682, s. 399-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states of nuclei near the doubly-magic nucleus Sn-100 were studied with the Ni-58+Cr-50 reaction. The experimental setup consisted of the GAMMASPHERE array augmented with light charged-particle and neutron detectors. Excited states were identified for the first time in the proton emitting nucleus Sb-105. Excitations across the N=Z=50 doubly closed shell were observed in Cd-99 and In-101. Some results of large-scale shell-model calculations are discussed.
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| 18. |
- Moss, B, et al.
(författare)
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The determination of ecological status in shallow lakes - a tested system (ECOFRAME) for implementation of the European Water Framework Directive
- 2003
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Ingår i: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. - : Wiley. - 1052-7613. ; 13:6, s. 507-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. The European Water Framework Directive requires the determination of ecological status in European fresh and saline waters. This is to be through the establishment of a typology of surface water bodies, the determination of reference (high status) conditions in each element (ecotype) of the typology and of lower grades of status (good, moderate, poor and bad) for each ecotype. It then requires classification of the status of the water bodies and their restoration to at least 'good status' in a specified period. 2. Though there are many methods for assessing water quality, none has the scope of that defined in the Directive. The provisions of the Directive require a wide range of variables to be measured and give only general guidance as to how systems of classification should be established. This raises issues of comparability across States and of the costs of making the determinations. 3. Using expert workshops and subsequent field testing, a practicable pan-European typology and classification system has been developed for shallow lakes, which can easily be extended to all lakes. It is parsimonious in its choice of determinands, but based on current limnological understanding and therefore as cost-effective as possible. 4. A core typology is described, which can be expanded easily in particular States to meet local conditions. The core includes 48 ecotypes across the entire European climate gradient and incorporates climate, lake area, geology of the catchment and conductivity. 5. The classification system is founded on a liberal interpretation of Annexes in the Directive and uses variables that are inexpensive to measure and ecologically relevant. The need for taxonomic expertise is minimized. 6. The scheme has been through eight iterations, two of which were tested in the field on tranches of 66 lakes. The final version, Version 8, is offered for operational testing and further refinement by statutory authorities.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Akhmadaliev, S., et al.
(författare)
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Hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS calorimetry in the framework of the non-parametrical method
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 480:03-feb, s. 508-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known e/h ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within +/-1% of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is [(58+/-3)%/rootE+(2.5+/-0.3)%]circle plus(1.7+/-0.2)/E. The value of the e/h ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is 1.74+/-0.04 and agrees with the prediction that e/h > 1.66 for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.
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| 22. |
- Aubert, B., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter barrel module 0
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 500:03-jan, s. 202-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction and performance of the barrel pre-series module 0 of the future ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter at the LHC is described. The signal reconstruction and performance of ATLAS-like electronics has been studied. The signal to noise ratio for muons has been found to be 7.11 +/- 0.07. An energy resolution of better than 9.5% GeV1/2 / rootE (sampling term) has been obtained with electron beams of up to 245 GeV. The uniformity of the response to electrons in an area of Deltaeta x Deltaphi = 1.2 x 0.075 has been measured to be better than 0.8%.
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| 23. |
- Aubert, B., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter end-cap module 0
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 500:03-jan, s. 178-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction and beam test results of the ATLAS electromagnetic end-cap calorimeter pre-production module 0 are presented. The stochastic term of the energy resolution is between 10% and 12.5% GeV1/2 over the full pseudorapidity range. Position and angular resolutions are found to be in agreement with simulation. A global constant term of 0.6% is obtained in the pseudorapidity range 2.5 < η < 3.2 (inner wheel).
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| 24. |
- Boucher, A, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical mechanism of lipid-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and reversal with a malate analogue
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 279:26, s. 27263-27271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperlipidemia appears to play an integral role in loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in type 2 diabetes. This impairment can be simulated in vitro by chronic culture of 832/13 insulinoma cells with high concentrations of free fatty acids, or by study of lipid-laden islets from Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Here we show that impaired GSIS is not a simple result of saturation of lipid storage pathways, as adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a cytosolically localized variant of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase in either cellular model results in dramatic lowering of cellular triglyceride stores but no improvement in GSIS. Instead, the glucose-induced increment in "pyruvate cycling" activity ( pyruvate exchange with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates measured by C-13 NMR), previously shown to play an important role in GSIS, is completely ablated in concert with profound suppression of GSIS in lipid-cultured 832/13 cells, whereas glucose oxidation is unaffected. Moreover, GSIS is partially restored in both lipid-cultured 832/13 cells and islets from Zucker diabetic fatty rats by addition of a membrane permeant ester of a pyruvate cycling intermediate ( dimethyl malate). We conclude that chronic exposure of islet beta-cells to fatty acids grossly alters a mitochondrial pathway of pyruvate metabolism that is important for normal GSIS.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Holten-Andersen, MN, et al.
(författare)
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Total levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in patients with colon cancer
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 8:1, s. 156-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure total levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) by ELISA in plasma from blood donors, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and patients with cancer and to correlate the results to patient diagnosis. Experimental Design: Total TIMP-1 plasma levels were measured by ELISA in blood samples from two different blood donor populations from IBD patients, and preoperative samples from patients with primary colon cancer (CC), rectal cancer (RC), or breast cancer. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma TIMP-1 levels between healthy donors and 1131) or breast cancer patients, whereas patients with CC or RC had significantly elevated TIMP-1 levels. Total TIMP-1 levels identified patients with CC with a sensitivity of 63% at 98% specificity, patients with early CC (Dukes' A+B) with a sensitivity of 56% at 98% specificity, and patients with right-sided CC with a sensitivity of 72% at 98% specificity. Combining carcinoembryonic antigen and TIMP-1 measurements increased the sensitivities obtained from TIMP-1 measurements alone. Conclusions: TIMP-1 was significantly elevated in plasma from CC and RC patients, including those with early-stage disease. Sensitivity and specificity were both sufficiently high to consider TIMP-1 as a marker for the early identification of CC patients, in particular, those with right-sided CC.
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| 27. |
- Häggström, S, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of finasteride on vascular endothelial growth factor.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 36:3, s. 182-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Finasteride has been shown to reduce prostate bleeding in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The mechanisms behind this are not known, but it has been suggested that finasteride reduces bleeding by inhibiting angiogenesis in the prostate. Studies in animals have shown that castration rapidly induces involution of the prostate vasculature, and androgen-stimulated prostate growth may be angiogenesis dependent. The objective of this study was to explore the response to finasteride on the vasculature and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent regulatory factor of angiogenesis in human prostate tissue.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with BPH were randomly assigned to 3 months of treatment either with finasteride (5 mg/day) or placebo before undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Prostate tissue VEGF expression was quantified by Western blot and the vascular density determined in Factor VIII immunostained tissue sections. Serum concentrations of VEGF were measured with ELISA technique.RESULTS: Patients treated with finasteride (n = 15) showed a decrease in prostate tissue VEGF(165) expression compared with placebo (n = 13) treated patients (p < 0.05), but the vascular density and the serum VEGF levels were unaffected.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that finasteride treatment decreases VEGF expression in the human prostate.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Storgaard, H, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle from glucose-intolerant relatives of type 2 diabetic patients [corrected]
- 2001
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 50:12, s. 2770-2778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether defects in the insulin signal transduction cascade are present in skeletal muscle from prediabetic individuals, we excised biopsies from eight glucose-intolerant male first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (IGT relatives) and nine matched control subjects before and during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. IGT relatives were insulin-resistant in oxidative and nonoxidative pathways for glucose metabolism. In vivo insulin infusion increased skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation (P = 0.01) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinsase) activity (phosphotyrosine and IRS-1 associated) in control subjects (P < 0.02) but not in IGT relatives (NS). The incremental increase in insulin action on IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was lower in IGT relatives versus control subjects (P < 0.05). The incremental defects in signal transduction noted for IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase may be attributed to elevated basal phosphorylation/activity of these parameters, because absolute phosphorylation/activity under insulin-stimulated conditions was similar between IGT relatives and control subjects. Insulin increased Akt serine phosphorylation in control subjects and IGT relatives, with a tendency for reduced phosphorylation in IGT relatives (P = 0.12). In conclusion, aberrant phosphorylation/activity of IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, and Akt is observed in skeletal muscle from relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with IGT. However, the elevated basal activity of these signaling intermediates and the lack of a strong correlation between these parameters to glucose metabolism suggests that other defects of insulin signal transduction and/or downstream components of glucose metabolism may play a greater role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle from relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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| 32. |
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