| 1. |
- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(author)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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In: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Synthesis of Dihalo-Substituted Analogues of Tröger’s Base from ortho- and meta-Substituted Anilines.
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; 2003:16, s. 3179-3188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the first time, ortho- and meta-halo-substituted anilines were successfully condensed with formaldehyde to dihalo-substituted analogues of Trögers base. By using paraformaldehyde and TFA, yields of 2-85% of these potential supramolecular building blocks were obtained. Even the inconceivable achievement of condensing anilines unsubstituted in para-position to analogues of Trögers base was successful. Adding our present results to our previous, makes it now possible to synthesize analogues of Trögers base halo-substituted in almost any desired position in each of its two aromatic rings. In addition the first X-ray structure of a dihalo-substituted analogue of Trögers base, 3,9-dibromo-4,10-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (17), is presented. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
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| 3. |
- Kalinowski, Birgitta E., 1900, et al.
(author)
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Microbial leaching of uranium and other trace elements from shale mine tailings at Ranstad
- 2004
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In: Geoderma. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-7061. ; 122:2-4, s. 177-194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High levels of heavy metals have been found in the surroundings of the closed uranium (U) mine in Ranstad in southern Sweden. These findings cannot be explained entirely by abiotic processes. It was not until recently that biology was taken into account in the discussion about mobilization of metals at this site. It is well known that bacteria produce short-chain organic acids and element-specific ligands (siderophores) that are able to change pH and enhance chelation, which results in increased mobilization of many trace elements. Other (nonessential) elements, such as thallium (Tl), lanthanides, and actinides, may also be mobilized as a result of such bacterial action. This paper describes the mobilization of U and other elements from U ores by bacteria. Three common siderophore-producing bacterial species, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas stutzeri, were incubated in a chemically defined medium supplemented with tailings material with a content of 0.0013% U by weight, which had been exposed to natural weathering for 30 years. Nonleached U ore (0.61% U by weight) from the same area was incubated with P. fluorescens and S. putrefaciens for comparison. P. fluorescens grown with ore caused a change in pH in the growth medium from 4.7 to 9.3, which was significantly higher than for the other two species, for which pH was about 5.2. P. fluorescens was the only species that thrived and mobilized measurable amounts of U from the two ores, leaching out 0.0010.005% of the total amount of U from both. The release of U is attributed to the production of pyoverdine chelators, since U could not be detected either in sterile controls or in the experiments with the other two bacteria. P. fluorescens also doubled the chromium (Cr) concentration in solution as compared with the sterile controls, whereas P. stutzeri and S. putrefaciens caused a five to sixfold increase in Cr concentration. Thallium, cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V) concentrations initially resembled those in the sterile controls, but from day 2 of the experiment, a decrease was observed. The difference in leaching behavior between the bacteria used in this study is likely to have been due to the production of different chelators rather than being an effect of pH, since many metals have low solubility at neutral to alkaline pH. This study using laboratory incubations shows that mobilization of U from ore can occur aerobically at neutral to alkaline conditions, which may be an important process behind the high content of heavy metals in the surroundings of the closed U mine at Ranstad.
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| 4. |
- Persdotter Hedlund, Gabriella, et al.
(author)
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Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) in the adult rat adrenal gland, ovary and pituitary gland
- 2003
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In: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 17:1, s. 1-4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fetal antigen 1 (FA1) is a circulating glycoprotein containing six epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. FA1's larger membrane-bound precursor is defined by the cDNAs referred to as either human delta-like (dlk) or human adrenal specific cDNA, pG2. In rodents FA1 has also been studied under the names of preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), and zona glomerulosa-specific factor (ZOG). FA1 is abundantly expressed in fetal tissues, but in the mature cells of the adult organism the tissue presence of the protein seems to be restricted to neuroendocrine tissues. The present study demonstrates FA1 localisation in endocrine tissues of the adult female rat in which the protein was found present in the medulla and the zona glomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal glands, in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, and in the ovarian granulosa lutein cells. No staining was found in the pancreas, which is in contrast to what has been described in the human.
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| 5. |
- Sundberg, Åsa Liljegren, et al.
(author)
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Combined effect of gefitinib ('Iressa', ZD1839) and targeted radiotherapy with 211At-EGF
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 30:10, s. 1348-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The EGFR-TKI (epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) gefitinib ['Iressa' (trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies), ZD1839] increases the cellular uptake of radiolabelled epidermal growth factor (EGF). We investigated gefitinib treatment combined with astatine-211 EGF targeting in vitro using two cell lines expressing high levels of EGFR: A431 (sensitive to gefitinib) and U343MGaCl2:1 (resistant to gefitinib). In both cell lines, the uptake of 211At-EGF was markedly increased by concomitant treatment with gefitinib. Survival was investigated using both a clonogenic survival assay and a cell growth assay. Combined gefitinib and 211At-EGF treatment reduced the survival of U343 cells 3.5-fold compared with 211At-EGF alone. In A431 cells, 211At-EGF treatment resulted in very low survival, but combined treatment with gefitinib increased the survival by about 20-fold. These results indicate that combined treatment with gefitinib might increase the effect of ligand-mediated radionuclide therapy in gefitinib-resistant tumours and decrease the effect of such therapy in gefitinib-sensitive tumours.
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