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| 9. |
- Gromada, J, et al.
(författare)
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Glucagon-like peptide I increases cytoplasmic calcium in insulin-secreting beta TC3-cells by enhancement of intracellular calcium mobilization
- 1995
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 44:7, s. 767-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the insulin-secreting beta-cell line beta TC3, stimulation with 11.2 mmol/l glucose caused a rise in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in only 18% of the tested cells. The number of glucose-responsive cells increased after pretreatment of the cells with glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-I)(7-36)amide and at 10(-11) mol/l; 84% of the cells responded to glucose with a rise in [Ca2+]i. GLP-I(7-36)amide induces a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i only in cells exposed to elevated glucose concentrations (> or = 5.6 mmol/l). The action of GLP-I(7-36)amide and forskolin involved a 10-fold increase in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and was mediated by activation of protein kinase A. It was not associated with an effect on the membrane potential but required some (small) initial entry of Ca2+ through voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels, which then produced a further increase in [Ca2+]i by mobilization from intracellular stores. The latter effect reflected Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release and was blocked by ryanodine. Similar increases in [Ca2+]i were also observed in voltage-clamped cells, although there was neither activation of a background (Ca(2+)-permeable) inward current nor enhancement of the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current. These observations are consistent with GLP-I(7-36) amide inducing glucose sensitivity by promoting mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. We propose that this novel action of GLP-I(7-36)amide represents an important factor contributing to its insulinotropic action.
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- Jorgensen, F S, et al.
(författare)
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MULTISCAN--a Scandinavian multicenter second trimester obstetric ultrasound and serum screening study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - 1600-0412. ; 78:6, s. 501-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the detection rates of second trimester ultrasound screening for neural tube defects (NTD), abdominal wall defects (AWD) and Down's syndrome (DS) in low risk populations at tertiary centers, and to compare the ultrasound screening detection rates with those that were obtainable by biochemical serum screening (double test: alpha-fetoprotein/human chorion gonadotrophin/age test). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective multicenter study with a three year inclusion period: 1/1/1989-31/12/1991. SUBJECTS: 27,844 low-risk women at 18-34 years of age who had a second trimester ultrasound screening examination. Of these, 10,264 also had a serum test. METHODS: An ultrasound malformation scan and a serum test were carried out at 17-19 weeks of gestation. Risk calculations regarding DS were based on alpha-fetoprotein, human chorion gonadotrophin and maternal age; performed retrospectively for the first two years. RESULTS: In total 73 cases were identified in the study population: NTD (n=34), AWD (n=7) and DS (n=32). The detection rates, (%, with 95% confidence interval) for ultrasound screening were: NTD: 79.4 (62.1-91.3); AWD: 85.7 (42.1-99.6); DS: 6.3 (0.8-20.8). In the subgroup of women who had both tests, the detection rates for ultrasound screening vs double test were: NTD: 62.5 (24.5-91.5) vs 75.0 (34.9-96.8); AWD: 66.7 (9.4-99.2) vs 100 (29.2-100.0); DS: 7.7 (0.2-36.0) vs 46.2 (19.2-74.9). The false positive rates (%) for ultrasound screening vs double test were: NTD: 0.01/3.3; AWD: 0.01/3.3; DS: 0.1/4.0. CONCLUSION: Second trimester ultrasound screening in a low risk population gave a low detection rate for fetal DS (6.3%) and an acceptable detection rate for NTD (79.4%) and AWD (85.7%). In the subgroup of women who had both tests, serum screening performed better than ultrasound as applied in the present study, especially regarding DS.
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- Anne, R., et al.
(författare)
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Projectile Coulomb-Excitation with Fast Radioactive Beams
- 1995
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei. - 1431-5831 .- 0939-7922. ; 352:4, s. 397-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a search for gamma rays emanating from Coulomb excitation of fast (30-46 MeV/u) radioactive projectiles He-8, Be-11,Be-12,Be-14 interacting with a lead target. These are clearly identified by their Doppler shift. The 320 keV 1/2(-) --> 1/2(+)gamma transition from Be-11 was observed with a cross-section of 191 +/- 26 mb which is noticeably less than expected from the known lifetime and in the perturbation limit of pure Coulomb excitation. In the other nuclei rather stringent upper limits of 0.01 to 0.2 Weisskopf units, are placed on the hypothetical transition to 1(-) states.
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- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and factor structure of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory--Swedish Language Version (MPI-S).
- 1998
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Ingår i: Pain. - : LWW. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 75:1, s. 101-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychological assessment of chronic pain is often accomplished using questionnaires such as the (West Haven-Yale) Multidimensional Pain Inventory ((WHY)MPI) which is constructed to capture the multidimensionality of chronic pain. The (WHY)MPI theoretically originates from behavioural and cognitive behavioural theories of pain. It is divided into three parts and measures psychosocial and behavioural consequences of pain. This questionnaire has displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and translations of the original English version into German and Dutch have been demonstrated to be reliable and valid. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and factor structure of a Swedish translation of the (WHY)MPI, the MPI-S, and also to test the generalisability of the factor structure found for the (WHY)MPI. We performed analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and carried out a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) employing LISREL-8 on a population of 682 patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain. Test-retest analysis was accomplished on a sub-sample of 54 individuals taken from the aforementioned population. For sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S the overall reliability and stability were good, and after the exclusion of four items, the factor structure was similar to other versions of the MPI. For section 3, despite removal of five questions, the proposed factor structure could not be replicated. This part of the inventory is designed to measure the extent of different types of activities, and our results suggest that this section may only be used for assessing general activity level. We conclude that, with a few adjustments, the analyses yielded satisfactory results for sections 1 and 2 of the MPI-S regarding its factor structure, reliability and generalisability. For section 3 the hypothesised factor structure could not be confirmed.
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- Budd, GE, et al.
(författare)
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Trace fossils and the Cambrian explosion
- 1998
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Ingår i: TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. ; 13, s. 507-
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Jensen, B. N., et al.
(författare)
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Design and performance of a spherical grating monochromator used at MAX I
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0168-9002. ; 394:1-2, s. 243-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the performance of a grazing incidence spherical grating monochromator installed at MAX I and designed to cover the photon energy range from about 15-200 eV with high resolving power. It is intended mainly for angle-resolved photoemission work. Therefore, both refocusing optics, to obtain a small spot size at the sample, and a higher order light suppressor, to reduce the content of higher orders, have been incorporated in the design. The theoretically calculated energy resolution is presented and compared to the resolution obtained in photoabsorption measurements of gas-phase He, Ne, Kr, Xe, and N2. The possibility to reduce the influence of higher orders is illustrated by photoemission data collected on Si (100). The experimental results show that the monochromator fulfills the expected design goals.
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- Jensen, N, et al.
(författare)
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Early attachment of leucocytes, platelets and fibrinogen in endothelial cell-seeded Dacron venous conduits
- 1997
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - 1365-2168. ; 84:1, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a need for prosthetic venous conduits in surgery for trauma, cancer and thrombotic disease. Such conduits in use today have a low patency rate, leaving room for much improvement. METHODS: This experimental study investigated the dynamics of the early attachment of radiolabelled platelets, leucocytes and fibrinogen to endothelial cell-seeded Dacron venous conduits in sheep. Grafts were placed as jugular vein interposition grafts, seeded on one side, not seeded on the other, and followed for 4 h. RESULTS: No difference could be demonstrated between the two graft types. Platelets showed an increasing attachment during the whole period, leucocytes an immediate attachment followed by an undulating pattern, and fibrinogen an immediate attachment with a tendency to decrease. Measurements on the vein itself showed a high attachment and, for platelets, an extremely high attachment when measured after the graft in the direction of flow. CONCLUSION: The seeding process did not seem to affect early thrombogenicity. The carefully dissected vein wall showed highly thrombogenic properties, in many ways as high as in the prosthetic graft.
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- Kilså-Jensen, Kristine, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Mediated energy transfer in covalently linked porphyrin dimers
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 101:12, s. 2218-2220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Donor-acceptor systems where the rate of radiationless electronic energy transfer is influenced by the electronic structure of the intervening medium are studied. In this paper we report the observation of mediated energy transfer in a series of geometrically well-defined porphyrin dimers. The dimers consist of a free base porphyrin (5,15-diphenyl-alpha,beta-octaalkylporphyrin, H2P) and the corresponding zinc porphyrin (ZnP) as acceptor and donor, respectively, connected by aryl chromophores with varying energies of the lowest excited states.
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| 33. |
- Nielsen, A S, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol problems among suicide attempters in the Nordic countries.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Crisis. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 17:4, s. 157-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to see whether and how the number of suicide attempters with alcohol problems and their drinking habits differ between the Nordic areas under study. Problem-drinkers were defined as persons who themselves felt that they had an alcohol problem. The analyses were based on data collected at five Nordic research centers participating in the WHO/Euro Multicentre Study on Parasuicide, namely: Helsinki (Finland); Umeå and Stockholm (Sweden); Słr-Trłndelag (Norway); and Odense (Denmark). The results showed that the frequency of problem-drinking among suicide attempters differed markedly between the areas under study; the Finnish male and the Danish female suicide attempters included the highest proportions of self-identified problem-drinkers. The pattern of drinking among the suicide attempters also differed between the areas. The analyses indicate that the point when alcohol becomes a problem to somebody, especially to a degree that it increases the risk of suicidal behavior, not only depends on how much and how often the person drinks alcohol; the prevailing drinking pattern, the attitudes towards drinking alcohol, and the level of social control are also important factors to take into consideration when relations between alcohol and suicidal behavior are under study.
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| 35. |
- Poulsen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Tuberkuloseudviklingen i Danmark 1972-1996
- 1999
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Ingår i: Ugeskrift for Læger. - 0041-5782. ; 161:23, s. 3452-3457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is based on notified cases of tuberculosis (TB) in the National tbc. register 1972-1996. A decline in Tb incidence was seen from 1972 and until the mid-1980's. Subsequently the trend has reversed due to an increasing number of TB cases in foreigners. In 1996, 60% of all cases of TB in Denmark were found in foreigners reflecting the rising number of refugees and their families arriving in Denmark from highly endemic areas, mainly Somalia. Among native Danes the TB incidence fell from 14 per 100,000 in 1972 to 4 per 100,000 in the 1980's and stabilized at this very low level. The unchanged incidence in Danes covers a falling incidence in the older and a rising incidence in the younger and middle-aged adult population, mainly in the capital. Approximately half of the cases occur in high-risk groups. The TB-epidemic is close to elimination in the indigenous Danish population, but the disease is maintained at a low level probably due to increased patient and doctor delay and resulting microepidemics primarily in high-risk populations.
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| 37. |
- Schnack-Petersen, H, et al.
(författare)
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Superdeformed triaxial bands in Lu-163,165
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 594:2, s. 175-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental investigation of the nucleus 165Lu, using the reactions 138Ba(31P,4n) 165Lu and 150Sm(19F,4n) 165Lu at beam energies of E = 155 and 95 MeV, respectively, has been performed. Among other additions to the existing level scheme, a new band, with transition energies almost identical to a strongly deformed (β2 0.42) πi13/2[660 1/2+] band recently discovered in 163Lu has been established. A theoretical analysis of the structure of the two Lu isotopes, 165Lu and 163Lu is carried out by detailed calculations of total potential energy surfaces for specific configurations. By a diabatic treatment of crossings specific proton configurations as πi13/2[660 1/2+] are identified throughout the deformation space and as a function of spin. It is found as a general feature that well deformed local minima of considerable nonaxial symmetry coexist with a normal deformed global minimum. The depth of these local minima depend on configuration. The structure of the different global and local minima found in these surfaces are analysed and discussed in terms of occupation of available basis configurations and their orientation relative to the rotation axis. The strongly deformed minima are found to belong to a group of superdeformed triaxial structures, expected to appear at low energies for certain favourable combinations of proton and neutron numbers.
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| 40. |
- Wallin, H, et al.
(författare)
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Altered aromatic amine metabolism in epileptic patients treated with phenobarbital
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1055-9965. ; 4:7, s. 3-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of carcinogens differs among individuals who have different activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes that are important in activating and detoxifying carcinogens. A drug that profoundly alters the metabolism of the drugs and carcinogens is the anticonvulsive agent phenobarbital. To investigate why epileptic patients appear to have a low risk of cancer of the urinary bladder, and on the basis of the observation that levels of aromatic amine-hemoglobin adducts are strongly associated with various risk factors for cancer at that site, we determined aromatic amine-hemoglobin adducts in 62 epileptic patients as a surrogate measure of the reaction of carcinogenic metabolites with DNA in target tissue. Although adducts were detected in all subjects, the levels were proportional to daily tobacco consumption. When the subjects were stratified into groups smoking 20 g tobacco/day or more, smoking <20 g/day, and not smoking, an effect of medication was detected. Epileptic patients treated chronically with phenobarbital or primidone, which is effectively metabolized to phenobarbital, were found to have lower levels of 4-aminobiphenyl adducts than patients on the other treatment (P = 0.02; ANOVA). In nonsmokers, no effect of medication could be demonstrated above background variation; however, an increasing effect was seen with tobacco consumption with only one-half the increase in adducts per g of tobacco smoked as epileptic patients on other treatment. The difference in the increases (slopes of regression lines) was highly significant statistically. This reduction in the level of hemoglobin-aromatic amine adducts is probably due to induction of detoxification enzymes in the patients treated with phenobarbital.
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