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| 2. |
- Andersson, Magnus V., et al.
(författare)
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Kirurgi – omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:45, s. 3003-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kirurgi på rätt indikation och vid rätt tidpunkt är ett omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling vid inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom, som förebygger sjukdomskomplikationer, förbättrar patienternas livskvalitet och ibland är livräddande. Kirurgi för ulcerös kolit görs oftast som ett tvåstegsförfarande: först kolektomi plus ileostomi med rektum lämnad intakt och i senare skede, med optimerad patient, tarmrekonstruktion anpassad efter patientens individuella livssituation. Kirurgi vid Crohns sjukdom korrigerar komplikationer (stenoser och fistlar) och sparar tarm genom begränsade resektioner och strikturplastiker. Laparoskopisk kirurgi verkar ha viktiga fördelar vid primära tarmresektioner. Modern medicinsk behandling har förändrat indikationerna men ännu inte minskat behovet av kirurgi. Pågående antiinflammatorisk och immunmodulerande behandling är viktig att beakta i samband med kirurgi. Ett nära samspel mellan gastroenterolog och kolorektalkirurg är nödvändigt för att uppnå bästa möjliga långtidsprognos för de individer som lever med IBD.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Chen, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Analytical treatment of diffusion during precipitate growth in multicomponent systems
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 56:8, s. 1890-1896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose an approximate growth rate equation that takes into account both cross-diffusion and high supersaturations for modeling precipitation in multicomponent systems. We then apply it to an Fe-alloy in which interstitial C atoms diffuse much faster than substitutional solutes, and predict a spontaneous transition from slow growth under ortho-equilibrium to fast growth under the non-partitioning local equilibrium condition. The transition is caused by the decrease in the Gibbs-Thomson effect as the growing particle becomes larger. The results agree with DICTRA simulations where full diffusion fields are calculated.
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| 5. |
- Jeppsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Modified mean field models of normal grain growth
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 56:18, s. 5188-5201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models of normal grain growth can either start from a postulated kinetic law for individual grains and yield a distribution of grain sizes or they can start from a postulated distribution and the kinetic law may be derived. Both methods are studied and a whole family of distributions based on new kinetic laws are derived using the first method. Both methods have recently been applied using Onsager's extremum principle but it is now shown that more classical procedures are sufficient. Kinetic laws give an indication of what physical factors govern the growth or shrinkage of individual grains. A Rayleigh's distribution seems to indicate that large grains are surrounded by grains smaller than the critical size and small grains are surrounded by grains larger than the critical size. The effects of the new family of kinetic laws on the development of grain size distributions are studied by numerical simulations.
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| 6. |
- Mölne, Johan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Blood group ABO antigen expression in human embryonic stem cells and in differentiated hepatocyte- and cardiomyocyte-like cells.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 1534-6080. ; 86:10, s. 1407-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine and transplantation may require grafting of cells that will challenge the recipient's immune system. Our knowledge of tissue antigen expression in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and during their differentiation is limited, especially regarding histo-blood group AB(O)H antigens. METHODS: Nine different hESC lines, and hESC-derived hepatocyte- and cardiomyocyte-like cells, were blood group ABO genotyped and A/B antigen expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: This study reveals, for the first time, that A and B antigens in hESC were expressed according to the ABO genotype and that the antigens had a different cellular/sub-cellular distribution. In addition, several genotype A hESC lines stained positive with one anti-B antibody. Furthermore, studies of hepatocyte- and cardiomyocyte-like cells of different maturation state, originating from a blood group B hESC line, showed that hepatocyte-like cells expressed B antigens whereas cardiomyocyte-like cells were negative. CONCLUSION: Since clinical stem-cell therapy is likely to be performed with immature progenitor cells, blood group ABO compatibility of donor cells/recipients should be favorable to avoid unnecessary rejection problems caused by ABO incompatibility. The in vitro loss of B antigens in a genotype B hESC line indicates that loss of ABH antigens occurs early during human embryogenesis since these antigens are lacking in adult cardiomyocytes.
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| 7. |
- Nybacka, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Project: CASTT - Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Through the Centre for Automotive Systems Technologies and Testing, Luleå University of Technology aims to first of all support automotive winter testing in Northern Sweden. This means to support the local automotive test entrepreneurs and through them their customers: the car manufacturers and their suppliers. To succeed in this task, the center relies on the university's areas of leading research and most importantly on the cooperation between those areas.
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| 8. |
- Rexius, Helena, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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A simple score to assess mortality risk in patients waiting for coronary artery bypass grafting
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ann Thorac Surg. - : Elsevier BV. - 1552-6259 .- 0003-4975. ; 81:2, s. 577-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Independent risk factors for death in patients waiting for elective coronary artery bypass surgery have previously been identified. A prioritization where these factors are considered may potentially reduce waiting list mortality. A simple score based on the risk factors was constructed and validated. METHODS: A scoring system based on risk factors in 5,864 consecutive patients operated from 1995 to 1999 was constructed. The following factors were included in the score: unstable angina (3 points [p]), left main stenosis (2p), concomitant aortic valve disease (2p), operative risk (0-2p), left ventricular ejection fraction (0-2p), and male gender (1p). The score was retrospectively validated in 5,167 new patients operated from 1999 to 2003. Based on the sum of risk score points, the patients were divided into three risk groups: low risk (0-2p), intermediate risk (3-5p) and high risk (> or = 6p). The risk groups were related to waiting list mortality and clinical priority (imperative, urgent, and routine). RESULTS: Median waiting time was 33 days. Forty-two patients (0.8%) died while waiting for surgery (5.2 deaths/100 waiting years). Of the patients, 2,406 (47%) were low risk, 1,990 (38%) intermediate risk, and 771 (15%) high risk. Mortality incidence in the high-risk group was fivefold higher than in the intermediate group and 25-fold higher than in the low-risk group (32, 7, and 1.3 deaths/100 waiting years, respectively, p < 0.001 between all groups). Twenty-three percent of the patients in the high-risk group had not been given imperative clinical priority. CONCLUSIONS: The score system identifies patients with increased risk of death while waiting for coronary artery bypass grafting. The score may be used to facilitate and improve the prioritization process.
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| 9. |
- Westerberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Hemodynamic effects of cardiotomy suction blood.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-685X .- 0022-5223. ; 131:6, s. 1352-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery induces a systemic inflammatory activation, which in severe cases is associated with peripheral vasodilation and hypotension. Cardiotomy suction blood contains high levels of inflammatory mediators, but the effect of cardiotomy suction blood on the vasculture is unknown. We investigated the effect of cardiotomy suction blood on systemic vascular resistance in vivo and whether cell-saver processing of suction blood affects the vascular response. METHODS: Twenty-five patients undergoing coronary surgery (mean age, 68 +/- 2 years; 80% men) were included in a prospective randomized study. The patients were randomized to retransfusion of cell-saver processed (n = 13) or cell-saver unprocessed (n = 12) suction blood during full cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean arterial blood pressure was continuously registered during retransfusion, and systemic vascular resistance was calculated. Plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and complement factor C3a were measured in suction blood. RESULTS: Retransfusion of cardiotomy suction blood induced a transient reduction in systemic vascular resistance in all patients. The peak reduction was significantly less pronounced in the group receiving cell-saver processed blood (-12% +/- 2% vs -28% +/- 3%, P = .001). There was a significant correlation between tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration in retransfused cardiotomy suction blood and peak reduction of systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.60, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest cardiotomy suction blood is vasoactive and might influence vascular resistance and blood pressure during cardiac surgery. The observed vasodilation is proportional to the inflammatory activation of suction blood and can be reduced by processing suction blood with a cell-saving device before retransfusion.
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