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| 2. |
- Li, Dong-gang, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion layer growth at Zn/Cu interface under uniform and gradient high magnetic fields
- 2008
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 495:1-2, s. 244-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a common phenomenon occurring in many material processes, diffusion may induce significant changes in composition and microstructure near the interface. In the present study, liquid/solid (Zn/Cu) interface diffusion experiments in high magnetic fields (up to 12 T) were conducted and the thickness changes of diffusion layer under different magnetic field conditions were examined. It was found that there were no noticeable effects of high magnetic fields on the formation of intermetallic phases at the interface. However, the magnetic flux density exerted a non-linear influence on the diffusion layer thickness. This phenomenon should be attributed to the effect of magnetic fields suppressing natural convection and inducing thermo-electromagnetic convection. In addition, the diffusion of Zn into Cu could be retarded by a magnetic field gradient. These results indicate that both the strength and the gradient of high magnetic fields can be used to control the diffusion behavior.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Chang, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of porous crystals by coupling of dissolution and nucleation process in fractional crystallization
- 2007
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Ingår i: Fluid Phase Equilibria. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3812 .- 1879-0224. ; 261:1-2, s. 300-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fractional crystallization of carnallite (KMgCl3·6H2O) in pure water, KCl aqueous solution and MgCl2 aqueous solution was studied. When carnallite was dissolved in pure water, porous crystals of KCl were formed. However, when the fractional crystallization in KCl or MgCl2 aqueous solution occured, the solid crystals of KCl with different morphologies were formed. A theoretical model was established to explore this phenomenon. The ionic product of carnallite and KCl with distance far from the surface of carnallite was analyzed in which the activity coefficient of KCl, MgCl2 and water were calculated with Lu-Maurer model. The dissolution of carnallite, the diffusion of KCl and MgCl2 in bulk solutions and the nucleation as well as crystal growth of KCl were investigated in detail. It was concluded that the coupling of the high dissolution rate of carnallite and the high nucleation rate of KCl nearby the surface of carnallite resulted in the porous crystals of KCl. TG and SEM analysis shows that high water content in KCl crystals prepared by fractional crystallization of carnallite in water results from the surface porous structure of crystals.
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| 4. |
- Mikkelsen, Tarjei, et al.
(författare)
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Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 437:7055, s. 69-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present a draft genome sequence of the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Through comparison with the human genome, we have generated a largely complete catalogue of the genetic differences that have accumulated since the human and chimpanzee species diverged from our common ancestor, constituting approximately thirty-five million single-nucleotide changes, five million insertion/deletion events, and various chromosomal rearrangements. We use this catalogue to explore the magnitude and regional variation of mutational forces shaping these two genomes, and the strength of positive and negative selection acting on their genes. In particular, we find that the patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated and dominated by the fixation of neutral and slightly deleterious alleles. We also use the chimpanzee genome as an outgroup to investigate human population genetics and identify signatures of selective sweeps in recent human evolution.
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| 5. |
- Su, Zhi-Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Criterion for Dendrite Fragmentation of Carbon Steel under Imposition of Linear Travelling EMS
- 2009
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Ingår i: STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL. - 1611-3683. ; 80:11, s. 824-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) of carbon steel with 0.22-0.98 mass%C is investigated, based on the dendrite fragmentation theory of T. Campanella et al. The following conclusions are obtained: The criterion for dendrite fragmentation under linear EMS is obtained and verified by the 0.22-0.98 mass%C steel experiments. Investigation is carried out on the relation between the superficial velocity of the liquid phase and the actual velocity of the interdendritic liquid and the volume fraction of solid at the time of dendrite fragmentation (CET occurrence). At the same superficial velocity, the dendrite fragmentation critical volume fraction of solid is smaller in the case of high carbon steel. As a result, the CET occurrence is more difficult in the case of high carbon steel. Dendrite fragmentation induced by EMS is confirmed by the fragments of dendrite arms observed in the macrostructure. The length of dendrite fragmentation observed is about 1mm
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| 6. |
- Zhu, Changlian, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Erythropoietin improved neurologic outcomes in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Pediatrics. - : American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). - 1098-4275 .- 0031-4005. ; 124:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erythropoietin in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), by using a randomized, prospective study design. METHODS: A total of 167 term infants with moderate/severe HIE were assigned randomly to receive either erythropoietin (N = 83) or conventional treatment (N = 84). Recombinant human erythropoietin, at either 300 U/kg (N = 52) or 500 U/kg (N = 31), was administered every other day for 2 weeks, starting <48 hours after birth. The primary outcome was death or disability. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18 months of age. RESULTS: Complete outcome data were available for 153 infants. Nine patients dropped out during treatment, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up monitoring. Death or moderate/severe disability occurred for 35 (43.8%) of 80 infants in the control group and 18 (24.6%) of 73 infants in the erythropoietin group (P = .017) at 18 months. The primary outcomes were not different between the 2 erythropoietin doses. Subgroup analyses indicated that erythropoietin improved long-term outcomes only for infants with moderate HIE (P = .001) and not those with severe HIE (P = .227). No negative hematopoietic side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Repeated, low-dose, recombinant human erythropoietin treatment reduced the risk of disability for infants with moderate HIE, without apparent side effects.
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