| 1. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 2. |
- Daneshjou, Roxana, et al.
(författare)
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Working toward precision medicine : Predicting phenotypes from exomes in the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenges
- 2017
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 38:9, s. 1182-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by using that individual's genetic sequencing data. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) is a community experiment consisting of genotype-phenotype prediction challenges; participants build models, undergo assessment, and share key findings. For CAGI 4, three challenges involved using exome-sequencing data: Crohn's disease, bipolar disorder, and warfarin dosing. Previous CAGI challenges included prior versions of the Crohn's disease challenge. Here, we discuss the range of techniques used for phenotype prediction as well as the methods used for assessing predictive models. Additionally, we outline some of the difficulties associated with making predictions and evaluating them. The lessons learned from the exome challenges can be applied to both research and clinical efforts to improve phenotype prediction from genotype. In addition, these challenges serve as a vehicle for sharing clinical and research exome data in a secure manner with scientists who have a broad range of expertise, contributing to a collaborative effort to advance our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships.
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| 3. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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A simplified interference model for outdoor millimeter wave networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: 9th International Conference on Wireless Internet, WICON 2016. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319729985 ; , s. 101-108
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 is the emerging trend of the industrial automation. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is a prominent technology for wireless networks to support the Industry 4.0 implementation. The availability of tractable accurate interference models would greatly facilitate the design of these networks. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of an interference model that assumes impenetrable obstacles and neglects the sidelobes. We quantify the error of such a model in terms of statistical distribution of the signal to noise plus interference ratio for outdoor mmWave networks under different antenna array settings. The results show that assuming impenetrable obstacle comes at almost no accuracy penalty, and the accuracy of neglecting antenna sidelobes can be guaranteed with sufficiently large number of antenna elements.
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| 4. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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A Simplified Interference Model for Outdoor Millimeter-waveNetworks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mobile Networks and Applications. - : Springer. - 1383-469X .- 1572-8153. ; 24:3, s. 983-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 is the emerging trend of the industrial automation. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is a prominent technology for wireless networks to support the Industry 4.0 requirements. The availability of tractable accurate interference models would greatly facilitate performance analysis and protocol development for these networks. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy of an interference model that assumes impenetrable obstacles and neglects the sidelobes. We quantify the error of such a model in terms of statistical distribution of the signal to noise plus interference ratio and of the user rate for outdoor mmWave networks under different carrier frequencies and antenna array settings. The results show that assuming impenetrable obstacle comes at almost no accuracy penalty, and the accuracy of neglecting antenna sidelobes can be guaranteed with sufficiently large number of antenna elements. The comprehensive discussions of this paper provide useful insights for the performance analysis and protocol design of outdoor mmWave networks.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Delay Optimization for Industrial Wireless Control Systems Based on Channel Characterization
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 16:9, s. 5855-5865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless communication is gaining popularity in the industry for its simple deployment, mobility, and low cost. Ultralow latency and high reliability requirements of mission-critical industrial applications are highly demanding for wireless communication, and the indoor industrial environment is hostile to wireless communication due to the richness of reflection and obstacles. Assessing the effect of the industrial environment on the reliability and latency of wireless communication is a crucial task, yet it is challenging to accurately model the wireless channel in various industrial sites. In this article, based on the comprehensive channel measurement results from the National Institute of Standards and Technology at 2.245 and 5.4 GHz, we quantify the reliability degradation of wireless communication in multipath fading channels. A delay optimization based on the channel characterization is then proposed to minimize packet transmission times of a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system under a reliability constraint at the physical layer. When the transmission bandwidth is abundant and the payload is short, the minimum transmission time is found to be restricted by the optimal cyclic prefix duration, which is correlated with the communication distance. Results further reveal that using relays may, in some cases, reduce end-to-end latency in industrial sites, as achievable minimum transmission time significantly decreases at short communication ranges.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Latency Performance of 5G New Radio for Critical Industrial Control Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1135-1142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An innovative feature of the 5th Generation mobile network (5G) is to consider industrial applications as use cases for which its new radio access, 5G New Radio, aims to provide ultra low latency and ultra high reliability performance. These requirements are fulfilled by minimizing standard performance indicators such as end-to-end latency and packet error rate. However, industrial control applications typically require periodic exchange of small data, where the ability of networks to support short and deterministic cycle times is the main key performance indicator. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the achievable cycle time of an industrial network deployed over the 5G New Radio specifications. Numerical results shows that 5G can achieve millisecond level cycle time with network size of several hundred, which is promising for many factory automation applications.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Low-Latency Networking: Where Latency Lurks and How to Tame It
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; , s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the current generation of mobile and fixed communication networks has been standardized for mobile broadband services, the next generation is driven by the vision of the Internet of Things and mission-critical communication services requiring latency in the order of milliseconds or submilliseconds. However, these new stringent requirements have a large technical impact on the design of all layers of the communication protocol stack. The cross-layer interactions are complex due to the multiple design principles and technologies that contribute to the layers' design and fundamental performance limitations. We will be able to develop low-latency networks only if we address the problem of these complex interactions from the new point of view of submilliseconds latency. In this paper, we propose a holistic analysis and classification of the main design principles and enabling technologies that will make it possible to deploy low-latency wireless communication networks. We argue that these design principles and enabling technologies must be carefully orchestrated to meet the stringent requirements and to manage the inherent tradeoffs between low latency and traditional performance metrics. We also review currently ongoing standardization activities in prominent standards associations, and discuss open problems for future research.
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| 10. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Packet Detection by a Single OFDM Symbol in URLLC for Critical Industrial Control : A Realistic Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 37:4, s. 933-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-high reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC)is envisaged to support emerging applications with strict latency and reliability requirements. Critical industrial control is among the most important URLLC applications where the stringent requirements make the deployment of wireless networks critical, especially as far as latency is concerned. Since the amount of data exchanged in critical industrial communications is generally small, an effective way to reduce the latency is to minimize the packet's synchronization overhead, starting from the physical layer (PHY). This paper proposes to use a short one-symbol PHY preamble for critical wireless industrial communications, reducing significantly the transmission latency with respect to other wireless standards. Dedicated packet detection and synchronization algorithms are discussed, analyzed, and tuned to ensure that the required reliability level is achieved with such extremely short preamble. Theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments show that detection error rates smaller than 10(-6) can be achieved with the proposed preamble while minimizing the latencies.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Poster : Low latency networking for industry 4.0
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks. - : Junction Publishing. - 9780994988614 ; , s. 212-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 poses a stringent delay requirement to the communication network. However, the current protocols cannot satisfy this requirement, as they are mainly designed to achieve high data rates rather than low latency. It is difficult to reduce the delay as the end-to-end delay is accumulated from every layer of the communication network, and the delay introduced by one layer may also be coupled with that from other layers. We analyze the different delay components and investigate the potential techniques that can help reduce one or multiple delay components. To support different latency requirement together with reliability and throughput requirements, the combination and the parameters of potential techniques should be designed in a coordinate way.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Reliable Minimum Cycle Time of 5G NR Based on Data-Driven Channel Characterization
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 17:11, s. 7401-7411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless communication is evolving to support critical control in automation systems. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile network air interface New Radio adopts a scalable numerology and mini-slot transmission for short packets that make it potentially suitable for critical control systems. The reliable minimum cycle time is an important indicator for industrial communication techniques but has not yet been investigated within 5G. To address such a question, this article considers 5G-based industrial networks and uses the delay optimization based on data-driven channel characterization (CCDO) approach to propose a method to evaluate the reliable minimum cycle time of 5G. Numerical results in three representative industrial environments indicate that following the CCDO approach, 5G-based industrial networks can achieve, in real-world scenario, millisecond-level minimum cycle time to support several hundred nodes with reliability higher than 99.9999%.
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| 15. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Using a Large Data Set to Improve Industrial Wireless Communications Latency, Reliability, and Security
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1932-4529 .- 1941-0115. ; 13:1, s. 6-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trealize the Industry 4.0 vision and enable mobile connectivity and flexible deployment in harsh industrial environments, wireless communication is essential. But before wireless communications technology can be widely deployed for critical control applications, first it must be assessed, and that requires a comprehensive characterization of the wireless channel. This can be done by analyzing large amounts of wireless data collected from different industrial environments. In this article, we discuss the possibilities offered by a recently published industrial wireless data set. This data set is more exhaustive than measurements previously reported. We show two cases of how those data have been applied to improve latency performance and to investigate the feasibility of physical-layer security techniques for wireless communication in industrial environments.
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| 16. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin
(författare)
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Wireless Communication for Critical Control : Analysis and Experimental Validation
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireless communications are an essential enabler of the Industry 4.0 vision, as they have the potentiality to be deployed in scenarios where the installation of cables is impractical. Nevertheless, the most critical control applications that require ultra low latency and high reliability, are currently only supported by wired communication systems such as Ethernet for Control Automation Technology (EtherCAT) and Process Field Net (PROFINET). In this thesis, we investigate the design of the essential components of a proprietary wireless technology named Wireless High Performance (WirelessHP), which targets to achieve comparable performance to the wired technologies.In wireless communications, the bottleneck to obtain the desired latency performance lies in the physical layer, where the packet transmission time is too long due to the long overhead and the fixed packet structure that industrial wireless systems have inherited from consumer applications. To address this bottleneck, we propose to considerably reduce the size of the packet preambles while maintaining the preamble’s functions, and we experimentally validate the design by a software defined radio implementation. To further improve the latency performance and guarantee a requested probability of correct packet reception (reliability), we propose a data-driven approach for the wireless channel characterization. This allows us to tune the parameters of the Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing protocol to minimize the packet transmission time under a given reliability requirement. Although the proposed methods are derived for WirelessHP, we also extend and apply them to the physical layer design of 5th generation (5G) New Radio, for which we characterize the reliable minimum delay.The major contributions of this thesis are the physical layer design of Wireless HP as well as the underlying methodologies that allow us to achieve wireless delay and reliability performance comparable to those offered by EtherCAT and PROFINET technologies. Moreover, the results of the thesis show the potential to influence other wireless communication standards and eventually integrate the advantages of Wireless HP and those standards.
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| 17. |
- Jiang, Xiaolin
(författare)
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Wireless Communication Networks for Time-critical Industrial Applications
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wireless communication is of paramount importance to enable the vision of Industry 4.0. Compared to mobile communications, industrial communications pose demanding requirements in terms of ultra low latency and high reliability. Currently, for the most time-critical industrial applications, there is no available wireless solutions satisfying these latency requirements. This thesis studies effective techniques to reduce the latency for the time-critical industrial applications, especially from the Physical Layer (PHY) point of view.The thesis is organized in two main parts. In the first part, the available methods for low latency are surveyed and analyzed in terms of end-to-end latency. It is argued that the enabling techniques should be optimized together to reduce the end-to-end latency while satisfying other requirements such as reliability and throughput. Moreover, the realistic timing constraints of different PHY algorithms, hardware, and mechanisms are derived based on the state-of-art wireless implementations. In the second part, a revision of PHY with an optimized PHY structure is proposed to reduce the latency. It is shown that a PHY with just a short one-symbol preamble and dedicated packet detection and synchronization algorithms for short packets is robust to carrier frequency offsets and false alarms by both theoretical and site experiments.The investigations of this thesis show that revising the PHY structure/parameters is effective to reduce the packet transmission time, and further improve the latency performance of wireless communication network for time-critical industrial applications. In the future, we include the PHY results of this thesis in the investigation of the Medium Access Control (MAC), for industrial wireless communications with very low latencies.
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| 18. |
- Jin, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Congener-specific determination of ultratrace levels of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmosphere and industrial stack gas by isotopic dilution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry method
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1509, s. 114-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isotopic dilution gas chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) has overwhelming advantages with respect to the accuracy of congener-specific ultratrace analysis of complex persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental matrices. However, an isotopic dilution GC/HRMS method for analysis of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs) using 13C-labelled congeners as internal standards has not been established. In this study, a method for identification and quantification of 38 congeners of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs in atmosphere and stack gas samples from waste incinerators was developed using the isotopic dilution GC/HRMS technique. The instrumental detection limits of the GC/HRMS method ranged from 0.2pg to 1.8pg for Cl-PAH congeners, and 0.7pg to 2.7pg for Br-PAH congeners, which were about three orders of magnitude lower than those of the GC/quadrupole MS method. This new method developed was also the first to enable determination of Cl-PAH and Br-PAH homologs comprising congeners with the same molecular skeleton and chlorine or bromine substitution numbers. Among the detected congeners, seven Cl-PAH congeners and thirteen Br-PAH congeners that were abundant in the atmosphere and stack gases released from waste incinerators were firstly detected in real samples and reported using the established isotopic dilution GC/HRMS method. The developed isotopic dilution GC/HRMS is significant and needed for better studying the environmental behavior and health risk of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs.
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| 19. |
- Luvisotto, M., et al.
(författare)
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Physical Layer Design of High-Performance Wireless Transmission for Critical Control Applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 13:6, s. 2844-2854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The next generations of industrial control systems will require high-performance wireless networks (named WirelessHP) able to provide extremely low latency, ultrahigh reliability, and high data rates. The current strategy toward the realization of industrial wireless networks relies on adopting the bottom layers of general purpose wireless standards and customizing only the upper layers. In this paper, a new bottom-up approach is proposed through the realization of a WirelessHP physical layer specifically targeted at reducing the communication latency through the minimization of packet transmission time. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed design allows a substantial reduction in packet transmission time, down to 1 $\mu$ s, with respect to the general purpose IEEE 802.11 physical layer. The design is validated by an experimental demonstrator, which shows that reliable communications up to 20 m range can be established with the proposed physical layer.
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| 20. |
- Pan, F., et al.
(författare)
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Authentication based on channel state information for industrial wireless communications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781509066841 ; , s. 4125-4130
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical layer authentication based on channel state information is an effective solution to preventing spoofing attacks in wireless communications by comparing the channel impulse responses. Existing theoretical analyses and experiments have proved the feasibility and efficiency in labs or offices. However, the environment of industrial wireless communication is significantly different. This paper applies physical layer authentication based on channel state information to measurements from four different industrial wireless communication scenarios, including indoor, outdoor, moving, and stationary scenarios. The analysis of the results allows to derive meaningful insights on the applicability of such a method to industrial wireless communications.
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| 21. |
- Sha, Jingeng, et al.
(författare)
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Stratigraphy of the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary Successions of the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, Northwestern China
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Geologica Sinica. - : Wiley. - 1000-9515. ; 85:2, s. 421-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary marks a major extinction event, which (similar to 200 Ma) resulted in global extinctions of fauna and flora both in the marine and terrestrial realms. There prevail great challenges in determining the exact location of the terrestrial Tr-J boundary, because of endemism of. : and the scarcity of fossils in terrestrial settings leading to difficulties in linking marine and terrestrial sedimentary successions. Investigation based on palynology and bivalves has been carried out over a 1113 m thick section, which is subdivided into 132 beds, along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of the northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. The terrestrial Lower Jurassic is conformably resting on the Upper Triassic strata. The Upper Triassic covers the Huangshanjie Formation overlaid by the Haojiagou Formation, while the Lower Jurassic comprises the Badaowan Formation followed by the Sangonghe Formation. Fifty six pollen and spore and one algal on were identified from the sediments. Based on the key-species and abundance of spores and pollen, three zones were erected: the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Aratrisporites-Alisporites Assemblage, the Early Jurassic (Hettangian) Perinopollenites-Pinuspollenites Assemblage, and the Sinemurian Perinopollenites-Cycadopites Assemblage. The Tr-J boundary is placed between bed 44 and 45 coincident with the boundary between the Haojiagou and Badaowan formations. Beds with Ferganoconcha (?), Unio-Ferganoconcha id Waagenoperna-Yananoconcha bivalve assemblages are recognized. The Ferganoconcha (?) bed is limited to the upper Haojiagou Formation, Unio-Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna-Yananoconcha assemblages are present in the middle and upper members of the Badaowan Formation. The sedimentary succession is interpreted as terrestrial with two mainly lake deposit intervals within Haojiagou and Badaowan formations, yielding fresh water algae and bivalves. However, the presence of brackish water algae Tasmanites and the marine-littoral facies bivalve Waagenoperna from the Badaowan Formation indicate that the Junggar Basin was influenced by sea water caused by transgressions from the northern Tethys, during the Sinemurian.
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| 22. |
- Su, Ruoyu, et al.
(författare)
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A Mobile Node Assisted Localization System for Wireless Sensor Networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: IWCMC 2021: 2021 17TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC). - 2376-6492. - 9781728186160 ; , s. 1716-1720
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless sensor network (WSN), consisting of several sensor nodes, is one of the most promising technologies emerged in the past decade. The positioning system for WSN is particularly meaningful and widely used in the military surveillance, air-sea rescue, traffic monitoring, and etc. However, the traditional positioning system always suffers from deployment and maintenance of anchors. In this paper, we propose a positioning system employing a Raspberry Pi platform attached to a DJI drone as a mobile anchor. The DJI drone can serve as multiple virtual anchors by moving and broadcasting its location information periodically. Thus, it is possible to localize sensor node by itself when the sensor node collects the drone's position. A Gauss-Newton method is applied to improve the accuracy of the proposed positioning system. We also elaborate the adaption of the Gauss-Newton method with the geodetic coordinates. The goal of the proposed positioning system is to achieve higher accuracy and higher coverage at lower cost.
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| 23. |
- Su, Ruoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Outage Probability for Millimeter Wave Communications
- 2021
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Ingår i: IWCMC 2021: 2021 17TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC). - 2376-6492. - 9781728186160 ; , s. 2194-2198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the data traffic in future wireless communications will explosively grow up to 1000-fold by the deployment of 5G, several technologies are emerging to satisfy this demand, including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), millimeter wave communications, Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), etc. Millimeter wave communication is a promising solution since it can provide tens of GHz bandwidth by fundamentally exploring higher unoccupied spectrum resources. As the wavelength of higher frequency shrinks, it is possible to design more compact antenna array with large number of antennas with independent RF (Radio Frequency) chains, causing high cost and complexity. By exploring the spatial sparsity of the millimeter wave channels, lens antenna array has been investigated recently as a promising choice with limited RF chains and low complexity. In this paper, we investigate the outage probability for highway communication systems with lens antenna array, under overtaking scenario, where high mobility of users is expected. When a vehicle is trying to pass another one, the channels between these two vehicles and the RSU (Road Side Unit) are unresolvable, thus causing outage for at least tens of symbol durations. We apply power-domain NOMA in this scenario, where these two users are paired by a threshold derived with the QoS of each user, to alleviate this problem and achieve low outage probability.
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