| 1. |
- Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
- 2021
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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| 2. |
- Du, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Heat transfer in the trailing region of gas turbines – A state-of-the-art review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly efficient gas turbines are beneficial for improving the energy structure, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and protecting the Earth's environment. A highly efficient gas turbine means a higher inlet temperature and requires a more efficient cooling structure. Due to the limitations of aerodynamics, structure and strength, cracks, fractures and ablation easily form at the trailing edge of gas turbines. Thus, it is vital to enhance the heat transfer in the trailing edge of gas turbines. In practical applications, internal cooling structures (pin fins, latticework ducts) and film cooling are used simultaneously. In addition, some innovative cooling structures have been proposed, such as dimples/protrusions, labyrinth channels and so on. Research progress on turbine trailing edge cooling structures is presented in this paper. For pin finned duct, the heat transfer and flow structure characteristics are introduced for single rows, multirows, static and rotating conditions. Investigations on latticework ducts are quite inadequate. Therefore, only the main flow and heat transfer characteristics are shown in this paper. For film cooling at the trailing edge, experimental results and numerical results are introduced. Finally, some suggestions for heat transfer research in the trailing edge region are proposed.
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| 3. |
- Meng, Qinglai, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid personalized AMR diagnostics using two-dimensional antibiotic resistance profiling strategy employing a thermometric NDM-1 biosensor
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biosensors and Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663. ; 193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens global public health and modern surgical medicine. Expression of β-lactamase genes is the major mechanism by which pathogens become antibiotic resistant. Pathogens expressing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases (CP) are especially difficult to treat and are associated with increased hospitalization and mortality rates. Despite considerable effort, identification of ESBLs and CPs in a clinically relevant timeframe remains challenging. In this study, a two-dimensional AMR profiling assay strategy was developed employing panels of antibiotics (penicillins, cephamycins, oximino-cephalosporins and carbapenems) and β-lactamases inhibitors (avibactam and EDTA). The assay required the development of a novel biosensor that employed New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) as the sensing element. Functionally probing β-lactamase activity using substrates and inhibitors combinatorically increased the informational content that enabled the development of assays capable of simultaneous, differential identification of multiple β-lactamases expressed in a single bacterial isolate. More specifically, the assay enabled the simultaneous identification of ESBL and CP in mock samples, as well as in an engineered construct which co-expressed these β-lactamases. The NDM-1 biosensor assay was 16 times and 8 times more sensitive than the ESBL Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel (NDP) and Carba Nordmann/Poirel (NP) assays, respectively. In a retrospective study, NDM-1 biosensor assays were able to differentially identify ESBLs, metallo-CPs and serine-CPs β-lactamases in 23 clinical isolates with 100% accuracy. An assay algorithm was developed which accelerated data analytics reducing turnaround to <1 h. The assay strategy integrated with AI-based data analytics has the potential to provide physicians with a comprehensive readout of patient AMR status.
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| 4. |
- Xie, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Key molecular alterations in endothelial cells in human glioblastoma uncovered through single-cell RNA sequencing
- 2021
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society For Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 6:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passage of systemically delivered pharmacological agents into the brain is largely blocked by the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), an organotypic specialization of brain endothelial cells (ECs). Tumor vessels in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor in humans, are abnormally permeable, but this phenotype is heterogeneous and may differ between the tumor's center and invasive front. Here, through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of freshly isolated ECs from human glioblastoma and paired tumor peripheral tissues, we have constructed a molecular atlas of human brain ECs providing unprecedented molecular insight into the heterogeneity of the human BBB and its molecular alteration in glioblastoma. We identified 5 distinct EC phenotypes representing different states of EC activation and BBB impairment, and associated with different anatomical locations within and around the tumor. This unique data resource provides key information for designing rational therapeutic regimens and optimizing drug delivery.
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