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- Ekestubbe, Annika, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose tomographic techniques for dental implant planning.
- 1996
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Ingår i: The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. - 0882-2786. ; 11:5, s. 650-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image quality in preimplant computerized tomography (CT) examinations made with different radiation doses (40 to 280 mAs) and scanning modes (standard and helical axial, 15-degree angled, and frontal) and in conventional spiral tomography (Scanora) was compared. Mandibular canal and alveolar bone crest visibility was evaluated in images from mandibular jaw segments. Visibility was unaffected by radiation dose in CT examinations except in frontal scanning, where a small actual difference was statistically significant. Differences among CT scanning modes and between CT and conventional spiral tomography were highly significant. Low-dose mandibular preimplant tomography can be performed with CT using lower-than-normal radiation doses or with conventional spiral tomography.
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- Johansson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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A method to consider ergonomic conditions at VDT workplaces
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 444817956 ; , s. 749-755
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1989, an international project was initiated known as MEPS (Musculoskeletal, Visual, and Psychosocial Stress in VDT Operators in Optimised Environment). The aim of the MEPS project was to minimise stress amongst VDT operators by creating optimum working conditions through intervention measures at individual workstations. Professionals representing different disciplines were involved in this study to investigate possible factors causing musculoskeletal complaints, visual discomfort and psychosocial stress among VDT users. This paper describes the ergonomic part of the study including the methods that were developed and used to examine prevailing working conditions and how the data was analysed.
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- Johansson, Annika
(författare)
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Dreams and dilemmas : women and family planning in rural Vietnam
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis is to investigate women's experiences in family planning. It is seen in the broad context of their reproductive lives and in view of their 'reproductive dilemma', that is having to satisfy the family's need for sons on the one hand, and the requirements from the state to limit child bearing to two children only, on the other. A special focus is on women's use of contraceptives and on child bearing patterns, viewed in relation to the government's policy. Field studies were carried out in rural communes and some urban quarters in two provinces in North Vietnam between 1992 and 1996. Reproductive life lines of 58 purposively selected women of different generations showed the impact of the wars on reproductive patterns and the dramatic decline in fertility. Contraceptive use and experiences in family planning were investigated among 206 randomly selected women in reproductive age. The IUD, almost the only contraceptive method available, was used by over half of the women, most of whom had experienced side-effects from use, such as increased menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain, headache and backache. Women related the use of IUDs to feelings of weakness and fatigue. The need for a son was a source of concern and distress among women without sons. A study of IUD discontinuation patterns among 1432 randomly selected women showed that women without sons had significantly higher rates of discontinuation due to IUD expulsion and failure. We interpret the findings as an indication that women without sons had privately removed the IUD in the hope of getting a son, to satisfy the family's demand, while avoiding criticism from the authorities for deliberately breaking the policy. We investigated the reproductive patterns of 1123 randomly selected women 15-49 years of age. Over half of them had had a third child during the last five years, thus breaking the two-child norm. Women without sons, Catholic women and those who had lost a previous child, were more prone to have a third child. Another study of 1432 randomly selected women showed that marriage age and age at first child birth had declined from the older to the younger women, while birth intervals had become longer. Abortion rates have increased rapidly in Vietnam during the 1990s, to reach an average of 2.5 lifetime abortions per woman. Abortion patterns and experiences were explored among 226 purposively selected women. A common reason for the abortion was a wish to avoid paying economic fines for having a third child. Husbands usually shared in the abortion decision, while the older generation were often against. Large difference in abortion ratios between two adjacent communes are seen as a sign of the stronger political pressure in one of the communes to limit births. The involvement of 20 purposively selected husbands in their wives' abortion was explored. All the men had shared in the abortion decision and took great care about their wives' health post- abortion. Many of them had ethical concerns about abortion as such, but the negative consequences and strains of an additional child for the family's welfare was felt to be stronger. Conclusions: Fertility had declined but the younger women had their first child earlier. Delayed child bearing is associated with higher education and status for women, and with reduced population growth. Policies to improve conditions for rural girls and women are important in their own right, and for voluntary and sustained reduction of population growth rates. Removal of targets and quotas in the family planning programme, together with improvement of quality of contraceptive services, will reduce IUD failure and abortion, leading to improved reproductive health among women. Male involvement in reproduction should be encouraged.
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- Nordin, Viviann, et al.
(författare)
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Gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid in children with autism spectrum disorders.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 40:9, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycolipids found in all cells, especially abundant in nerve cells and mainly situated on outer-membrane surfaces. The aim of this study was to provide data on the concentration of gangliosides in the CSF of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) - 66 with autistic disorder, and 19 with other autism spectrum disorders. The comparison group consisted of 29 children and adolescents, whose CSF had been sampled to exclude acute infectious CNS disorder. The concentrations of the gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b were determined using a microimmunoaffinity technique. The ASD group had a significantly higher concentration of ganglioside GM1 compared with the comparison group. The GM1 increase could not be explained as secondary to other clinical factors. Mean ganglioside levels did not differentiate subgroups with autistic disorder and those with a more atypical clinical picture, nor subgroups with known medical disorders and those with idiopathic autism. Altered patterns of gangliosides in the CNS might reflect important correlates of pathogenesis in autism.
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- Westlander, Gunnela, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an ergonomics intervention programme in VDT workplaces
- 1995
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 26:2, s. 83-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on an intervention programme based on the concept of participatory ergonomics. The study was designed within the framework of a multidisciplinary project concerned with identifying the work conditions and problems necessary to improve the working life of VDT operators with routine data-entry and data-dialogue tasks. The intervention programme was evaluated in two follow-up studies. The evaluation criteria covered the proposals for improvement emerging from (1) the intervention programme's final joint decisions (of experts and employees) on measures needed, and (2) workers' views of the effectiveness of the progrmme itself. As the implementation period was marked by increasing turbulence caused by recession in many branches of the Swedish economy, attention was paid to the impact of the restructuring and rationalization effected by company management in the workplaces under study. To obtain a better understanding of the outcome of the intervention programme, the follow-up was extended systematically to explore the disturbing organizational factors operating during the implementation period. The results of the evaluation offer increased knowledge of organizational barriers to the implementation of ergonomics measures decided upon within the framework of intervention research.
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