| 1. |
- Dotevall, Annika, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of triglycerides, BMI and blood pressure and low physical activity increase the risk of diabetes in Swedish women. A prospective 18-year follow-up of the BEDA study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabet Med. - 0742-3071. ; 21:6, s. 615-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate risk factors for the development of diabetes in middle-aged women. METHODS: A random population sample of 1351 women without prior diabetes or cardiovascular disease, aged 39-65 years, took part in a screening study in 1979-1981 with questionnaires, physical examination and blood sampling. Development of diabetes up to 1998 was identified at a second examination in 1997-1998. RESULTS: Seventy-three women (5.4%) were diagnosed with diabetes during follow-up. As expected, obesity resulted in a rising age-adjusted risk with hazards ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 8.1] at body mass index (BMI) 24-27 kg/m(2), and 8.3 (3.5, 19.7), at BMI > or = 27, compared with BMI < 22 kg/m(2). S-triglycerides (TG) carried a steeply increasing age-adjusted risk with hazards ratio 4.0 (95% CI 2.1, 7.6) already at s-TG 1.0-1.4 mmol/l, 7.1 (3.6, 14.0) at s-TG 1.5-1.9 mmol/l and 9.3 (4.3, 20.2) at s-TG > or = 2.0 mmol/l compared with s-TG < 1.0 mmol/l. Increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) to 130-144, 145-159 and > or = 160 mmHg escalated the hazards ratio of diabetes to 1.6 (0.8, 3.3), 3.6 (1.7, 7.4) and 5.6 (2.7, 11.4), respectively, compared with SBP < 130 mmHg. Also, low physical activity predicted diabetes, with hazards ratio 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) for sedentary compared with non-sedentary activity. Smoking was not associated with increased risk of diabetes. After adjustment for BMI, SBP and physical activity, increasing TG level remained a strong and significant risk factor for diabetes [hazards ratio 3.0 (1.6, 5.7), 3.7 (1.8, 7.7) and 4.5 (2.0, 10.0), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Among middle-aged Swedish women even very slightly elevated s-TG resulted in a considerably enhanced risk of developing diabetes, which was independent of age, BMI, blood pressure and physical activity.
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| 2. |
- Landin-Wilhelmsen, Kerstin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Calcaneal ultrasound measurements are determined by age and physical activity. Studies in two Swedish random population samples.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - 0954-6820. ; 247:2, s. 269-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To present reference values and correlations with body composition, blood variables and lifestyle factors. SUBJECTS: Two random population samples from Göteborg, Sweden, one comprising 184 men and 455 women aged 25-64 years (MONICA) and the other 860 women aged 55-82 years (BEDA) were studied. METHODS: Calcaneal ultrasound measurement (LUNAR Achilles) and bioimpedance were measured. Smoking habits, coffee consumption, physical activity, psychological stress, education and marital status, as well as blood lipids, blood pressure, and fractures were studied. RESULTS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness were higher in men than in women (P < 0. 001), but speed of sound did not differ between sexes. Speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness decreased with age (P < 0.001). In both sexes speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness correlated positively to body size variables, and negatively with smoking in women after adjustment for age. Speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness were positively related to physical activity in both sexes, and these relationships were the only ones that remained in multivariate analyses in addition to age (negative). Osteoporotic fractures increased with age. Speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness were lower amongst women with osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSION: Speed of sound, broadband ultrasound attenuation and stiffness decreased with age and increased with physical activity, but body weight and height were not correlated in multivariate analyses. Osteoporotic fractures increased with age and were associated with lower calcaneal ultrasound values.
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| 3. |
- Rosengren, Annika, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Coffee and incidence of diabetes in Swedish women: a prospective 18-year follow-up study
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Intern Med. - 0954-6820. ; 255:1, s. 89-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term incidence of diabetes in relation to coffee consumption in Swedish women. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: City of Goteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A random population sample of 1361 women, aged 39-65 years, without prior diabetes or cardiovascular disease took part in a screening study in 1979-1981 with questionnaires, physical examination and blood sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The development of diabetes until 1999 was identified by questionnaires in a second screening and the Swedish hospital discharge register. RESULTS: Altogether, there were 74 new cases of diabetes. The risk of developing diabetes was 475 per 100 000 person-years in women who consumed two cups of coffee or less per day, 271 in women who consumed three to four cups per day, 202 with a consumption of five to six cups per day, and 267 in drinkers of seven cups or more per day. Associated hazard ratios, after adjustment for age, smoking, low physical activity, education and body mass index were 0.55 (0.32-0.95), 0.39 (0.20-0.77) and 0.48 (0.22-1.06) for daily consumption of three to four, five to six and seven cups or more, respectively, with a consumption of less than two per day as reference. Additional adjustment for serum cholesterol and triglycerides attenuated the relation between coffee and diabetes slightly, indicating a possible mediating effect on the effect of coffee by serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that coffee consumption protects from the development of diabetes in women.
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| 4. |
- Antonsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Binding of human and animal immunoglobulins to the IgG Fc receptor induced by human cytomegalovirus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of General Virology. - 1465-2099. ; 82:5, s. 1137-1145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells express a virus-encoded receptor that is able to bind the Fc part of IGG: Some basic binding properties of this Fc receptor (FcR) have been examined. The affinity constant (K(a)) for human IgG Fc fragment in its interaction with acetone-fixed, HCMV-infected human embryonic lung fibroblasts was estimated to be around 2 x 10(8) M(-1) and the number of binding sites was estimated to be around 2 x 10(6) per cell. Of the human IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD classes, only IgG reacted with the receptor, and all four of the IgG subclasses were reactive. IgG from rabbit, hamster, cat, swine and horse exhibited binding to the HCMV FcR, in contrast to IgG from mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, sheep, goat, cow and chicken. Immunoglobulins with and without HCMV IgG FcR-binding properties, like IgG from rabbit and mouse, can be of value in revealing the functional importance of the receptor. When the immunoglobulins were tested against herpes simplex virus type 1-induced FcR, both similarities and differences in immunoreactivity were seen relative to the HCMV FcR, which makes it unlikely that the binding sites for these two herpesvirus FcRs on the IgG molecule are identical.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brämerson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction : The Skövde population-based study
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 114:4, s. 733-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives/Hypothesis: Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits. Study Design: Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. Methods: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy. Results: In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not. Conclusion: The sample size of the population-based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forslund, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based type-specific prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Swedish Women.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 1096-9071 .- 0146-6615. ; 66:4, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be used to identify women at risk of the development of cervical cancer. The cost-effectiveness of HPV screening is dependent on the type-specific HPV prevalence in the general population. The present study describes the prevalence and spectrum of high-risk HPV types found in a large real-life population-based HPV screening trial undertaken entirely within the cervical screening program offered to middle-aged Swedish women. Cervical brush samples from 6,123 women aged 32-38 years were analyzed using a general HPV primer (GP5(+)/6(+)) polymerase chain reaction-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) combined with reverse dot-blot hybridization for confirmation and HPV typing by a single assay. In this study, 6.8% (95% CI 6.2-7.5) (417/6,123) were confirmed as high-risk HPV positive. Infections with 13 different high-risk HPV types were detected, of which HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (2.1%; 128/6,123), followed by HPV 31 (1.1%; 67/6,123). Any one of the HPV types 18, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, or 66 was detected in 3.6% (223/6,123) of the women. Infection with two, three, and five types simultaneously was identified in 32, 5, and 1 women, respectively. The combination of PCR-EIA as a screening test and reverse dot-blot hybridization as a confirmatory test, was found to be readily applicable to a real-life population-based cervical screening. The type-specific HPV prevalence found support in previous modeling studies suggesting that HPV screening may be a favorable cervical screening strategy.
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| 10. |
- Fransson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Postural Control Adaptation during Galvanic and Vibratory Stimulation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proc. 23rd Annual EMBS International Conference (EMBC2001). ; , s. 1170-1173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective for this study was to investigate whether the postural control adaptation during galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve were similar to that found during vibration stimulation to the calf muscles. A method for adaptation analysis was used to analyze the evoked changes of posture, stimulus responses and the motion dynamics. The adaptive adjustments of postural control were similar during galvanic and vibratory stimulation, which suggests that the adaptation operate in the same way independent of the receptor systems affected by the disturbance. There was however a difference in the dynamic feedback properties of the measured responses.
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| 11. |
- Fransson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Postural Control Adaptation during Galvanic Vestibular and Vibratory Proprioceptive Stimulation
- 2003
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 1558-2531. ; 50:12, s. 1310-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he objective for this study was to investigate whether the adaptation of postural control was similar during galvanic vestibular stimulation and during vibratory proprioceptivestimulation of the calf muscles. Healthy subjects were tested during erect stance with eyes open or closed. An analysis method designed to consider the adaptive adjustments was used to evaluate the motion dynamics and the evoked changes of posture and stimulation response.Galvanic vestibular stimulation induced primarily lateral body movements and vibratory proprioceptive stimulation induced anteroposterior movements. The lateral body sway generated by the galvanic stimulation was proportionally smaller and contained more high-frequency movements (0.1 Hz) than the anteroposterior body sway induced by the vibratory stimulation. The adaptive adjustments of the body sway to the stimulation had similar time course and magnitude during galvanic and vibratory stimulation. The perturbations induced by stimulation were gradually reduced within the same time range (15–20 s) and both kinds of stimulation induced a body leaning whose direction was dependent on stimulus. The similarities in the adjustmentpatterns suggest that postural control operates in the same way independent of the receptor systems affected by the disturbance and irrespective of whether the motion responses were induced in a lateral or anteroposterior direction.
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| 12. |
- Gustavsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Role of the β1-integrin cytoplasmic tail in mediating invasin-promoted internalization of Yersinia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : The Company of Biologists Ltd. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 115:13, s. 2669-2678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis binds to beta1-integrins on host cells and triggers internalization of the bacterium. To elucidate the mechanism behind the beta1-integrin-mediated internalization of Yersinia, a beta1-integrin-deficient cell line, GD25, transfected with wild-type beta1A, beta1B or different mutants of the beta1A subunit was used. Both beta1A and beta1B bound to invasin-expressing bacteria, but only beta1A was able to mediate internalization of the bacteria. The cytoplasmic region of beta1A, differing from beta1B, contains two NPXY motifs surrounding a double threonine site. Exchanging the tyrosines of the two NPXYs to phenylalanines did not inhibit the uptake, whereas a marked reduction was seen when the first tyrosine (Y783) was exchanged to alanine. A similar reduction was seen when the two nearby threonines (TT788-9) were exchanged with alanines. It was also noted that cells affected in bacterial internalization exhibited reduced spreading capability when seeded onto invasin, suggesting a correlation between the internalization of invasin-expressing bacteria and invasin-induced spreading. Likewise, integrins defective in forming peripheral focal complex structures was unable to mediate uptake of invasin-expressing bacteria.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Annika
(författare)
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New approaches for treatment of acute intermittent porphyria by enzyme substitution and gene therapy : evaluation in vitro and in vivo
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare inborn metabolic error of heme synthesis in which the activity of the third enzyme, porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), is deficient. It is clinically characterized by acute, potentially life-threatening neurologic attacks that are precipitated by various drugs, reproductive hormones and other factors. During acute attacks, the porphyrin precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) accumulate and are excreted in urine. Current treatment based on heme replenishment and carbohydrate loading reduces the accumulation of ALA and PBG. However, the therapy is palliative and cannot prevent the acute attacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two new therapeutic alternatives, i.e. enzyme substitution and gene therapy, first in vitro using different cell lines and subsequently in vivo using an AIP mouse model. The first step in the development of gene therapy for AIP was based on non-viral vectors, investigating whether the PBGD enzyme could be expressed in vitro in PBGD-deficient cells to correct the enzyme deficiency as well as the resulting biochemical defect. Four vectors encoding the mouse and human PBGD enzyme were constructed. Expression of PBGD after transfection of the plasmids, condensed to polyethylenimine (PEI), was found to be dose and time dependent. When non-viral gene transfer was undertaken in PBGD-deficient fibroblasts, the enzyme deficiency was corrected. The presence of a biochemical defect was demonstrated by measuring the synthesis of the heme precursor, protoporphyrin, after addition of ALA or PBG to the system. The human PBGD-deficient cells synthesized 21-36 % of the amount of protoporphyrin synthesized by control cells. By increasing the enzyme activity over the level found in control cells the protoporphyrin synthesis increased to 127-152 % of normal, showing that the biochemical defect could be corrected. Similar results were obtained in mouse PBGD-deficient cells. Before starting the in vivo trials, the AIP mouse model was investigated during induction of heme synthesis by phenobarbital to find out in which tissues the surplus of ALA and PBG is formed and to study the excretion patterns of these porphyrin precursors. With a LC-MS method it was possible to detect high levels of ALA and PBG in the liver and smaller amounts in the kidney. These observations point to the liver as the primary target organ for the gene therapy. During a four-day induction of heme synthesis by phenobarbital, the levels of ALA and PBG in plasma and urine gradually increased. The effect of enzyme substitution on the levels of ALA and PBG in plasma and urine were studied in the AIP mouse model. Administration of recombinant human PBGD (rhPBGD) intravenously or subcutaneously after a four-day phenobarbital administration period was shown to lower the PBG level in plasma in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal effect seen after 30 min and 2 hours, respectively. Injection of rhPBGD subcutaneously twice daily during a four-day phenobarbital induction period reduced urinary PBG excretion to 25 % of the levels found in PBGD-deficient mice given only phenobarbital. This demonstrates efficient removal of PBG in plasma and urine by enzyme replacement. In spite of PBG clearance, no reduction of ALA concentration was seen at any time. The next step towards gene therapy was to study if the PBGD enzyme could be expressed in vivo in the AIP mouse model with the liver as the target organ. Four non-viral vectors were evaluated using luciferase as reporter enzyme: naked DNA and DNA complexed to liposomes, PEI and PEI-galactose. After tail-vein injection of the DNA complexes, the highest luciferase expression was found in the lung. When injected into the portal vein, the naked DNA showed considerably higher hepatic reporter gene expression, 100 µg of naked DNA having the highest hepatic luciferase expression 24 h after injection. When these vectors were used to deliver the PBGD cDNA into the AIP mouse model no enhancement of hepatic PBGD activity was detected. The strategy for in vivo gene therapy was therefore changed to the use of recombinant adenoviral vectors, as they are known to efficiently target the liver in rodents. By the use of adenovirus encoding luciferase (Ad-EGFPLuc) it was confirmed that the liver was the main target organ after intravenous administration. When the PBGD-deficient mice were injected with adenovirus encoding PBGD (Ad-PBGD) the hepatic PBGD activity increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of the increased hepatic PBGD activity on ALA and PBG accumulation was also studied during phenobarbital-induction of heme synthesis. No accumulation of ALA or PBG could be found in plasma, liver or kidney, demonstrating that gene delivery of PBGD to the liver can prevent the accumulation of the presumably toxic porphyrin precursors. In conclusion, these experiments provide in vivo proof of concept for enzyme substitution and gene therapy in AIP. Enzyme substitution was thus found to reduce the PBG level in plasma, while gene delivery targeting the liver could correct the metabolic defect and prevent the accumulation of both ALA and PBG. These findings suggest a potential for both therapies in AIP.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Annika, 1967-
(författare)
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Är det alltid rätt person som vinner? : bedömningarnas reliabilitet och validitet inom bedömningssporterna acroski och rytmisk gymnastik
- 2001
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Did the right person win? In competitive sports the difference between winning and loosing can be very marginal but still the result will have a big impact. To finish second, even if it is an Olympic Game, can be felt like a failure for the athlete. In the light of this the quality of the measurements and the judgements in sports are an extremely important issue. In this dissertation, consisting of two separate reports and one summary report, the freestyle discipline, acroski, and the gymnastic discipline, rhythmic gymnastics (RG) where studied with a focus on the rules and judgements in the sports. The reliability and validity of the rule and judging systems were analysed together with changes in the rule and judging systems. The reliability, as the judges ability to interpret the rules and judge in a consistent way, and validity in the sense that the judgements, and the rules for the judgements, where in accordance with the idea of the sport. Information was gathered from rulebooks, judging manuals, meeting protocols, and historical documents. For information on how the rules and judgements where perceived among people involved in the two sports, interviews where carried out with two coaches, two judges and four athletes from each of the sports. In the summary report the results from the two reports where discussed and a comparison of the rule systems and judgements was made together with a discussion about reliability and validity problems in sports measured by time, length and height. The results showed that the rule and judging systems in acroski and RG in a short time have gone through major changes to increase the reliability and validity in the judgements. The quick evolution of these sports seems to be the main reason for these changes but also other factors where of vital importance. Finding the balance between making the judgements as objective as possible, without loosing the idea of the sport, together with the quick evolution of the sports, seemed to be the main challenges in the rule and judging systems of acroski and RG.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative analysis of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 mRNA from melanoma cells in blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction
- 2000
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Ingår i: Melanoma research. - 0960-8931 .- 1473-5636. ; 10:3, s. 213-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have evaluated the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of tyrosinase mRNA to detect melanoma cells in blood. However, contradictory results have been obtained from different groups. We therefore have developed and validated a quantitative PCR method for tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) mRNA. An important methodological finding was that high concentrations of reverse transcriptase or RNA sample inhibited the following PCR. This could be abolished by dilution of the cDNA sample before the PCR. Standard curves with a linear range over at least five logs were obtained with dilutions of melanoma cell cDNA. Controls (RNA and cDNA) consisting of melanoma cells (1000/ml) added to blood were analysed repeatedly over 3 months, resulting in means between 880 and 1074 AU/ml. The RNA controls were stable, whereas the cDNA controls, as well as the calibrators, showed a tendency to change over time. The variation in the RNA controls was 25% for tyrosinase and 22% for TRP-2. Seven stage III-IV melanoma patients were tested for tyrosinase and TRP-2 transcripts in blood drawn from a peripheral vein and from a Port-a-cath. Tyrosinase mRNA was found in three patients (0.8-12.4 AU/ml). For TRP-2, the same amount was found in the patients as in healthy donors. No differences were seen between blood from a peripheral vein and from the Port-a-cath. We here present fast and sensitive methods for the quantification of tyrosinase and TRP-2 mRNA in blood.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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2-Pyridylphosphonates : A New type of Modification for Nucleotide Analogues
- 2001
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0040-4039. ; 42:11, s. 2217-2220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suitably protected dithymidine H-phosphonates afforded the corresponding dinucleoside 2-pyridylphosphonates upon treatment with N-methoxypyridinium tosylate in acetonitrile in the presence of 1,8-diazabicylo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The reaction was rapid (ca. 5 min), practically quantitative and proceeded stereospecifically, most likely with retention of configuration at the phosphorus centre. A simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of a new type of oligonucleotide analogue bearing a 2-pyridylphosphonate internucleotide linkage was developed
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Ulrika, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory mediators expressed in human islets of Langerhans : implications for islet transplantation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 308:3, s. 474-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of immune modulating mediators in human Islets of Langerhans could have important implications for development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes and influence the outcome of clinical islet transplantation. Islets obtained from five donors were analyzed at various times after isolation using cDNA array technology. The Atlas Human Cytokine/Receptor and Hematology/Immunology nylon membranes representing 268 genes and 406, respectively, were used and the relative expression of each gene analyzed. Of the 51 gene products identified, high mRNA expression of MCP-1, MIF, VEGF, and thymosin beta-10 was detected in all islet samples. IL-8, IL-1-beta, IL-5R, and INF-gamma antagonist were expressed in islets cultured for 2 days. IL-2R was expressed in islets cultured for more than 6 days. In conclusion, several inflammatory mediators were expressed in isolated islets, particularly at an early stage after isolation, indicating that a few days of culture could be beneficial for the outcome of islet transplantation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lövblad, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Beskrivning av transporters miljöpåverkan i en MKB för industrier och energianläggningar
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Miljöbalken föreskriver att en miljökonsekvensbeskrivning (MKB) ska ske från ett helhetsperspektiv och ge underlag för en allsidig bedömning av ett projekts miljöpåverkan. Det finns idag ingen praxis eller vägledning för hur en beskrivning av transporters miljöpåverkan bör utformas i en MKB. Flera faktorer är viktiga vid beskrivning av transporternas miljöpåverkan; vilka avgränsningar som har gjorts, vilka underlag beräkningarna baserats på samt hur miljöpåverkan har uppskattats. I rapporten har problematiken med gränsdragning, både juridisk och geografisk, studerats. Dessutom har vi gjort en sammanfattning över hur transporter beskrivits i tillståndsansökningar inlämnade till miljödomstolen. Resultat från olika beräkningsexempel med inriktning på emissionsfaktorers betydelse, geografiska avgränsningar och jämförelser mellan en nutida och en framtida transportsituation redovisas. Slutligen ges förslag på vad en beskrivning av transporters miljöpåverkan bör innehålla, vilka geografiska avgränsningar som kan göras, tillgängliga emissionsfaktorer för kvantifiering av utsläpp till luft samt hur resultaten kan användas
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Mårtensson, Pär, et al.
(författare)
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Minimising the impact of changes and disturbances on manufacturingsystem performance
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal on Studies in Information and Control. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shorter product life cycles and global competition require manufacturing companies to be much more dynamic. As a consequence, their manufacturing systems are subject to frequent changes (e.g. the introduction of new product variants) and disturbances (e.g. fluctuating demand). Manufacturing systems have to be able to quickly respond to this in order to minimise the impact of disturbances and changes on the manufacturing performance. The aim of this paper is to raise a profound awareness on the mutual constraints that product design, equipment design, and control logic design put upon each other. The paper lists design guidelines to relax these constraints and thereby increase the ability to handle disturbances and unforeseen changes.
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual reality for simulation of radiographic projections: validation of projection geometry
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 33:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop a software for virtual reality (VR) simulation of X-ray images based on perspective projections through a patient model derived from data from a CT examination and to evaluate the accuracy in the projection geometry obtained by the software. Methods: A VR software was developed on a personal computer, with models of a patient, an X-ray machine and a detector. The model of the patient was derived from data from a CT examination of a dry skull. Simulated radiographic images of the patient model could be rendered as perspective projections based on the relative positions between the models. The projection geometry of the software was validated by developing an artificial CT data set containing high attenuation points as objects to be imaged. The accuracy in projection geometry was evaluated in a systematic way. The distances between two dots, representing the projected test points in the simulated radiographic images, were measured. They were compared with theoretical calculations of the corresponding distances using traditional mathematical tools. Results: The difference between the simulated and calculated projected distances never exceeded 0.5 mm. The error in simulated projected distances was in most cases within 1%. No systematic errors were revealed. Conclusion: The software, developed for personal computers, can produce simulated X-ray images with high geometric accuracy based on perspective projections through a CT data set. The software can be used for simulation of radiographic examinations.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Wensbo, David, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds as mGluR5 receptor antagonists.
- 2004
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention relates to five-membered heterocyclic compds. (shown as I; variables defined below; e.g. II), a process for their prepn. and new intermediates prepd. therein, pharmaceutical formulations contg. said compds. and to the use of said compds. in therapy, e.g. neurol., psychiatric and chronic and acute pain disorders (no data). Typical IC50 values for mGluR5 receptor antagonist activity are ≤10 μM; no values for individual compds. are given. Methods of prepn. are claimed and example prepns. and/or characterization data are included for ∼800 examples of I and intermediates. For example, [3-[3-[[[4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]methyl][1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-Bu ester was prepd. in 79% yield by condensation of 4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiol with [3-(3-chloromethyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl]carbamic acid tert-Bu ester in MeCN in the presence of K2CO3. For I: P = H, C3-7alkyl or a 3- to 8-membered ring contg. ≥1 atoms = C, N, O and S, which ring may optionally be fused with a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S; R1 = H, hydroxy, halo, nitro, C1-6-alkylhalo, OC1-6alkylhalo, C1-6alkyl, OC1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, OC2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, OC2-6alkynyl, C0-6alkylC3-6cycloalkyl, etc. and a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S, wherein said ring may be substituted by ≥1 A. M1 = a bond, C1-3alkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C0-4alkyl(CO)C0-4alkyl, C0-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, C0-3alkyl(CO)NR5, C0-3alkyl(CO)NR5C0-3alkyl, C0-4-alkylNR5, C0-3alkylSC0-3alkyl, etc.; R2 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR5, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, etc. X1, X2 and X3 = CR, CO, N, NR, O and S; R = H, C0-3alkyl, halo, C0-3alkylOR5, C0-3-alkylNR5R6, C0-3alkyl(CO)OR5, C0-3alkylNR5R6 and C0-3alkylaryl; M2 = a bond, C1-3alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C2-3alkenyl, C2-3alkynyl, C0-4alkyl(CO)C0-4alkyl, C0-3alkylOC0-3alkyl, etc.; R3 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, etc. X4 = C0-4alkylR5, C0-4alkyl(NR5R6), C0-4-alkyl(NR5R6):N, NR5C0-4alkyl(NR5R6):N, NOC0-4alkyl, C1-4alkylhalo, C, O, SO, SO2 and S; Q is a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S, which group may optionally be fused with a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 C, N, O and S and which fused ring may be substituted by ≥1 A. R4 = H, hydroxy, C0-6alkylcyano, oxo, NR5, NOR5, C1-4alkylhalo, halo, C1-4alkyl, OC1-4alkyl, OC0-6alkylaryl, etc. and a 5- or 6-membered ring contg. ≥1 atoms = C, N, O or S, wherein said ring may be substituted by ≥1 A; R5, R6 = H, OH, C1-6alkyl, etc.; A = H, OH, O, halo, nitro, C0-6alkylcyano, etc.; m = 0-4; and n = 0-3; addnl. details are given in the claims. [on SciFinder(R)]
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