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- Johansson, Bo, 1957-
(författare)
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Medical decision support systems based on the Arden Syntax in the clinical laboratory
- 1994
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decision Support Systems (DSSs) are computer systems that permit explicit representation of knowledge and can execute a computer program that uses the knowledge to assist in the decision process. A clinical DSS uses both clinical data and medical knowledge to help health professionals make clinical decisions. Developing a DSS can be a costly and time-consuming task. Sharing of knowledge can decrease costs and development time and therefore increase the use of DSSs in clinical practice.Arden Syntax is a standard specification for defining and sharing modular health knowledge bases among information systems and institutions. The medical knowledge is written as independent Medical Logic Modules (MLMs) and the scope of the standard is to facilitate sharing of knowledge.In this thesis a method is presented where medical knowledge, based on the Arden Syntax, is interpreted and used in a DSS. Furthermore, software tools for handling the MLMs in a computer are presented together with a system architecture for building a clinical DSS. Implementation of a DSS prototype, based on the presented method and tools, is demonstrated in a clinical laboratory environment.
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- Nilsson, Ola, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis: a model for gastric carcinoid formation.
- 1992
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Ingår i: The Yale journal of biology and medicine. - 0044-0086. ; 65:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastric carcinoid tumors of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis have been reviewed with respect to histogenesis, development, biochemistry, and morphological properties. Multicentric gastric carcinoids frequently develop in the oxyntic mucosa of aging Mastomys. The development of these tumors can be significantly enhanced by drug-induced hypergastrinemia, e.g., histamine2-receptor blockade. Spontaneous and drug-induced gastric carcinoids are endocrine in nature, as evidenced by their argyrophilic staining properties and chromogranin A content. They are also rich in histidine decarboxylase activity and produce large amounts of histamine, although other hormones, such as peptide YY and enteroglucagon, have also been demonstrated in these tumors. Ultrastructurally, gastric carcinoids are composed of tumor cells with typical secretory granules resembling those of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. A close examination of the gastric carcinoids in Mastomys reveals striking similarities with gastric carcinoids developing in humans suffering from chronic atrophic gastritis type A or from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in combination with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). Both these conditions are associated with hypergastrinemia and a higher risk for developing multi-centric gastric carcinoids of ECL-cell origin. The Mastomys tumor model therefore appears to be a significant experimental model in which induction and formation of gastric carcinoid tumors can be studied.
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