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- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Funding a New Bridge in Rural Vietnam: A field experiment on conditional cooperation and default contributions
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ability to provide public goods is essential for economic and social development, yet there is very limited empirical evidence regarding contributions to a real local public good in developing countries. This paper analyzes a field experiment where 200 households in rural Vietnam could make real contributions to an archetypical public good, a bridge. In particular, we study the role of two kinds of social influence: i) conditional cooperation, i.e., that people may be more willing to cooperate if others do, and ii) the effects of the default alternative, i.e., that people are influenced by the default alternative presented to them in the choice situation. We find significant and substantial effects of both kinds of influence. For example, by either giving the subjects the additional information that one of the most common contributions by others is 100,000 dong (a relatively low contribution) or introducing a zero-contribution default alternative, the average contribution decreases by about 20% compared to the baseline case.
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- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Social preferences are stable over long periods of time
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We measure people’s prosocial behavior, in terms of voluntary money and labor time contributions to an archetypical public good, a bridge, and in terms of voluntary money contributions in a public good game, using the same non-student sample in rural Vietnam at four different points in time from 2005 to 2011. Two of the experiments are natural experiment, one is a field experiment and one is a public good experiment. Since the experiments were conducted far apart in time, the potentially confounding effects of moral licensing and moral cleansing are presumably small, if existing at all. Despite large contextual variations, we find a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between voluntary contributions in these experiments, whether correcting for other covariates or not. This suggests that pro-social preferences are fairly stable over long periods of time and contexts.
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- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Social preferences are stable over long periods of time
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727. ; 117, s. 104-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measure people's pro-social behavior, in terms of voluntary money and labor contributions to an archetypical public good, a bridge, and in terms of voluntary money contributions in a public good game, using the same non-student sample in rural Vietnam at four different points in time from 2005 to 2011. Two of the observed events are actual voluntary contributions (one in terms of money and one in terms of labor), one is from a natural field experiment, and one is from an artefactual field experiment. Despite large contextual variations, we find a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between voluntary contributions, whether correcting for other covariates or not. This suggests that pro-social preferences are fairly stable over long periods of time and contexts.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time Allocation of Firing Units To Hostile Targets
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Advances in Information Fusion. - : ISIF, International Society of Information Fusion. - 1557-6418. ; 6:2, s. 187-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The protection of defended assets such as military bases and population centers against hostile targets (e.g., aircrafts, missiles, and rockets) is a highly relevant problem in the military conflicts of today and tomorrow. In order to neutralize threats of this kind, they have to be detected and engaged before causing any damage to the defended assets. We review algorithms for solving the resource allocation problem in real-time, and empirically investigate their performance using the open source testbed SWARD. The reults show that many of the tested algorithms produce high quality solutions for small-scale problems. A novel vaiant of particle swarm optimization seeded with an enhanced greedy algorithm is described and is shown to perform best for large instances of the real-time allocation problem.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Agneta, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing throughput time in a service organisation by introducing cross-functional teams
- 2012
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Ingår i: Production Planning and Control. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0953-7287 .- 1366-5871. ; 23:7, s. 571-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to investigate throughput time benefits when implementing cross-functional teams in a service organisation. The cross-functional teams, consisting of key human resources, are similarly designed to work cells within Cellular Manufacturing. Cellular manufacturing is an approach within manufacturing to achieve production flexibility and to shorten throughput time. This paper reports the results from implementing the cellular manufacturing principle at a Swedish emergency department, aiming at decreasing patient throughput time and time-to-doctor. The main approach was to introduce a team-based organisation, also involving some elimination of process steps. The quantitative evaluation of patient data shows significant reduction in mean values of up to about 40 minutes for some patient groups, combined with an increased portion of the doctors’ time together with the patients. The qualitative evaluation of the study show enhanced teamwork and communication, and also improved visibility and understanding of the work tasks of other team members.
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- Repapi, Emmanouela, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:1, s. 36-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures are heritable traits that predict morbidity and mortality and define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and the ratio of FEV(1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) in the SpiroMeta consortium (n = 20,288 individuals of European ancestry). We conducted a meta-analysis of top signals with data from direct genotyping (n < or = 32,184 additional individuals) and in silico summary association data from the CHARGE Consortium (n = 21,209) and the Health 2000 survey (n < or = 883). We confirmed the reported locus at 4q31 and identified associations with FEV(1) or FEV(1)/FVC and common variants at five additional loci: 2q35 in TNS1 (P = 1.11 x 10(-12)), 4q24 in GSTCD (2.18 x 10(-23)), 5q33 in HTR4 (P = 4.29 x 10(-9)), 6p21 in AGER (P = 3.07 x 10(-15)) and 15q23 in THSD4 (P = 7.24 x 10(-15)). mRNA analyses showed expression of TNS1, GSTCD, AGER, HTR4 and THSD4 in human lung tissue. These associations offer mechanistic insight into pulmonary function regulation and indicate potential targets for interventions to alleviate respiratory disease.
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