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| 2. |
- Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced sympathetic responsiveness as well as plasma and tissue noradrenaline concentration in growth hormone transgenic mice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Physiol Scand. - 0001-6772. ; 182:4, s. 369-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Acromegaly [overproduction of growth hormone (GH)] and GH deficiency have both been associated with alterations in autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate (HR) in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH (bGH). METHODS: HR and HR variability (HRV) were measured in conscious young (8-13 weeks) and old (5-6 months) female bGH and control mice using telemetry. HR control was studied using antagonists and an agonist of adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Noradrenaline was measured in plasma, heart and kidney using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Average 24 h resting HR did not differ between bGH and control mice. After saline injection and after muscarinic blockade with methylscopolamine HR increase was blunted (in old) or absent (in young) bGH mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Phenylephrine caused a baroreflex mediated decrease in HR from around 550 to 300-350 beats min(-1), not different between bGH and control mice. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were reduced in old bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline concentrations were reduced by 25-49% in plasma and tissue of bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study suggests reduced autonomic modulation of HR in bGH transgenic mice. Thus, GH appears to have marked effects on autonomic tone, reducing sympathetic nervous system function possibly via reduced noradrenaline stores.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Samtal om tal
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal function, microflora and nutrient intake of children after administration of a fermented oat product containing Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (299v)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 15:4, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the intestinal tolerance of a newly developed food containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, in children. The effects of consumption of the product on the children's nutrient intake were also followed, in a separate study. The tolerance study was parallel, double-blind, and included 69 children between 6 months and 3 years of age, randomized into two groups. One of the groups consumed a fermented oat product (1×109 cfu L. plantarum 299v/g) for 3 weeks, while the other group consumed a placebo product. We analysed the subjects by intention to treat and also carried out an analysis of subjects who had a mean intake of >100 g study product per day. After consumption for 3 weeks, the content of L. plantarum 299v in faeces increased significantly in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001) and mean log10 cfu/g was 8.7 (intention to treat analysis). Also, the total content of lactobacilli increased and was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (p<0.001). The same result was also obtained when the data for the subjects who had a higher consumption of the study products were analysed. There were no differences in reported gastrointestinal function between the groups. The effects of the fermented oat product on the children's nutrient intake were followed in 12 children aged 1-3 years. Inclusion of the fermented oat product that was enriched with iron and ascorbic acid led to a significantly higher intake of several nutrients like energy, carbohydrates (g, E%), dietary fibre, iron and zinc. In conclusion, the children tolerated the fermented oat product well, the faecal microflora was positively altered and the children's nutritional intake was improved. Keywords: children, microflora, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, probiotic bacteria, intestinal tolerance, nutrient intake.
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| 5. |
- Ferrari, P, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of under- and overreporting of energy intake in the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1329-1345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate under- and overreporting and their determinants in the EPIC :24-hour diet recall (24-HDR) measurements collected in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. 24-HDR measurements were obtained by means of a standardised computerised interview program (EPIC-SOFT). The ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used-to ascertain the magnitude, impact and determinants of misreporting. Goldberg's cut-off points were used to identify participants with physiologically extreme low or high energy intake. At the aggregate level the value of 1.55 for physical activity level (PAL) was chosen as reference. At the individual level we used multivariate statistical techniques to identify factors that could explain EI/BMR variability. Analyses were performed by adjusting for weight, height, age at recall, special diet, smoking status, day of recall (weekday vs. weekend day) and physical activity. Setting: Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 countries participating in the EPIC project. Subjects: in total, 35955 men and women, aged 35-74 years, participating in the nested EPIC calibration sub-studies. Results: While overreporting has only a minor impact, the percentage of subjects identified as extreme underreporters was 13.8% and 10.3% in women and men, respectively. Mean EI/BMR values in men and women were 1.44 and 1.36 including all subjects, and 1.50 and 1.44 after exclusion of misreporters. After exclusion of misreporters, adjusted EI/BMR means were consistently less than 10% different from the expected value of 1.55 for PAL (except for women in Greece and in the UK), with overall differences equal to 4.0% and 7.4% for men and women, respectively. We modelled the probability of being an underreporter in association with several individual characteristics. After adjustment for age, height, special diet,- smoking status, day of recall and physical activity at work logistic regression analyses resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of being an underreporter for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of body mass index (BMI) of 3.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.91-4.26) in men and 4.80 (95% CI 4.11-5.61) in women, indicating that overweight subjects are significantly more likely to underestimate energy intake than subjects in the bottom BMI category. Older people were less likely to underestimate energy intake: ORs were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45-0.77) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.63-0.88) for age (greater than or equal to 65 years vs. < 50 years). Special diet and day of the week showed strong effects. Conclusion: EI tends to be underestimated in the vast majority of the EPIC centres, although to varying degrees; at the aggregate level most centres were below the expected reference value of 1.55. Underreporting seems to be more prevalent among women than men in the EPIC calibration sample. The hypothesis that BMI (or weight) and age are causally related to underreporting seems to be confirmed in the present work. This introduces further complexity in the within-group (centre or country) and between-group calibration of dietary questionnaire measurements to deattenuate the diet-disease relationship.
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| 7. |
- Henriksson, Hongbin, et al.
(författare)
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Cellobiohydrolase 58 (P.c. Cel 7D) is complementary to the homologous CBHI (T.r. Cel 7A) in enantioseparations
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 898:1, s. 63-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellobiohydrolase 58 (EC 3.2.1.91, pc. Cel 7D) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was immobilized on silica and the resulting material, CBH 58-silica, was then used as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) in liquid chromatographic separations of enantiomers. The enantioselectivities obtained on CBH 58-silica were compared with those on CBH I-silica (a phase based on a corresponding cellulase from Trichoderma reesei). CBH 58-silica displayed higher selectivity than CBH I-silica for the more hydrophilic compounds, such as atenolol and metoprolol, although great similarities in chiral separation of beta -adrenergic antagonists were found between the two phases. None of the acidic compounds tested could be resolved on the CBH 58 phase. Moreover, the solutes were retained more on the CBH 58 phase in general, indicating an improved application potential in bioanalysis. Addition of cellobiose or lactose, both of which are inhibitors of cellulases, To the mobile phase impaired the enantioselectivity, indicating an overlap of the enantioselective and catalytic sites. The chiral analytes also functioned as competitive inhibitors and their inhibition constants were determined.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Susanne, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Kön och ras i rumsliga identitetskonstruktioner
- 2002
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Ingår i: <em>Maktens (o)lika förklädnader - Kön, klass och etnicitet i det postkoloniala Sverige</em>.. - Stockholm : Atlas. - 9173891053
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
- Matson, Inga-Lill, et al.
(författare)
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BVC och främjandet av barns språk-, tal- och kommunikationsutveckling
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett liv i delaktighet, jämlikhet och självständighet i vårt samhälle kräver att man kan kommunicera språkligt och tillgodogöra sig språkligt förmedlad information och kunskap. Barnavårdscentraler (BVC) har en unik möjlighet att tidigt fånga upp och hjälpa barn som uppvisar eller kan misstänkas få problem med sin språkliga utveckling, speciellt om det finns ett samarbete med andra instanser. Det övergripande syftet med denna rapport är att beskriva BVCs övervakning och främjande av barns kommunikations-, språk- och/eller talutveckling. Metodiskt består studien av tre delar; en intervjustudie, en enkätstudie och en deltagandestudie. Studien visar att det finns stora variationer bland BVC personal gällande uppfattningar om metoder, rutiner, motiveringar till olika rutiner samt samverkan med andra instanser. Man är mer ense om att och hur man gör än vad eller varför. Studien ger anledning att lyfta frågan om validitet och reliabilitet i BVCs övervakning av barns språkliga utveckling
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| 14. |
- Slimani, N, et al.
(författare)
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European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727 .- 1368-9800. ; 5:6B, s. 1125-1145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million men and women from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessment methods across participating countries. In order to adjust for possible systematic over- or underestimation in dietary intake measurements and correct for attenuation bias in relative risk estimates, a calibration approach was developed. This approach involved an additional dietary assessment common across study populations to re-express individual dietary intakes according to the same reference scale. A single 24-hour diet recall was therefore collected, as the EPIC reference calibration method, from a stratified random sample of 36 900 subjects from the entire EPIC cohort, using a software program (EPIC-SOFT) specifically designed to standardise the dietary measurements across study populations. This paper describes the design and populations of the calibration sub-studies set up in the EPIC centres. In addition, to assess whether the calibration sub-samples were representative of the entire group of EPIC cohorts, a series of subjects' characteristics known possibly to influence dietary intakes was compared in both population groups. This was the first time that calibration sub-studies had been set up in a large multi-centre European study. These studies showed that, despite certain inherent methodological and logistic constraints, a study design such as this one works relatively well in practice. The average response in the calibration study was 78.3% and ranged from 46.5% to 92.5%. The calibration population differed slightly from the overall cohort but the differences were small for most characteristics and centres. The overall results suggest that, after adjustment for age, dietary intakes estimated from calibration samples can reasonably be interpreted as representative of the main cohorts in most of the EPIC centres.
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| 20. |
- Ulvros, Eva Helen, et al.
(författare)
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I Terpsichores virvlar
- 2002
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Ingår i: Tid och tillit : en vänbok till Eva Österberg. - 9174867075
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dance culture, dancing masters, dance as civilisation.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to risk factors for cancer: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 3:3, s. 263-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and other markers of cancer risk. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey within the population-based prospective Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study. Information on food habits was collected through the modified diet history method designed and validated for the MDC Study. Data on smoking and alcohol habits, leisure time physical activity, birth country, education, socioeconomic status and cohabitation status were collected through a questionnaire. SETTING: Malmo, the third largest city in Sweden. SUBJECTS: All subjects who entered the MDC Study during winter 1991 to summer 1994 (men and women living in Malmo, aged between 46 and 68 years), with a total of 15 173. RESULTS: Women consumed more fruit and vegetables than men. Low consumption of both fruits and vegetables was associated with unfavourable nutrient profiles: higher percentage of energy from fat and lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients and dietary fibre. Low consumption was also associated with smoking, low leisure time physical activity, low education and being born in Sweden. High age was associated with low vegetable consumption in both genders. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that several established risk markers and risk factors of cancer may be independently associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of factors such as smoking, low physical activity and a high-fat diet could partly be explained by low consumption of fruit or vegetables. The implied health benefits of a low or moderate alcohol consumption may be similarly confounded by high consumption of fruit or vegetables.
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| 23. |
- Wirfält, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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A methodological report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study: development and evaluation of altered routines in dietary data processing
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, information on dietary habits was obtained through a modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book for cooked meals and a diet questionnaire for foods with low day-to-day variation. Half way through the baseline data collection, a change of interview routines was implemented in order to reduce interview time. Methods: Changes concentrated on portion-size estimation and recipe coding of mixed dishes reported in the menu book. All method development and tests were carefully monitored, based on experiential knowledge, and supplemented with empirical data. A post hoc evaluation study using "real world" data compared observed means of selected dietary variables before and after the alteration of routines handling dietary data, controlling for potential confounders. Results: These tests suggested that simplified coding rules and standard portion-sizes could be used on a limited number of foods, without distortions of the group mean nutrient intakes, or the participants' ranking. The post hoc evaluation suggested that mean intakes of energy-adjusted fat were higher after the change in routines. The impact appeared greater in women than in men. Conclusions: Future descriptive studies should consider selecting subsets assessed with either method version to avoid distortion of observed mean intakes. The impact in analytical studies may be small, because method version and diet assistant explained less than 1 percent of total variation. The distribution of cases and non-cases across method versions should be monitored.
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