1. |
- Johansson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing the Nordic Barnahus Model : Characteristics and Local Adaptions
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model - Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319583877 - 9783319583884 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the background for, and implementation of, the Barnahus model within the Nordic countries. It highlights the core elements of the model and the specifics of the Nordic welfare state context relating to the child welfare and criminal justice systems. A contextual and comparative perspective is used to shed light on how the model is shaped by the legal and institutional context in which it has been implemented. Local adaptions of the Barnahus model, specific to each Nordic country, are also identified. Finally, the outline of the book, containing sixteen chapters divided into four broad themes, is presented.
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2. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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3. |
- Stefansen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Epilogue: The Barnahus Model : Potentials and Challenges in the Nordic Context and Beyond
- 2017. - 1
-
Ingår i: Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model - Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319583884 - 9783319583877 ; , s. 331-352
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key message from this chapter - and the book as such - is that the Nordic Barnahus model is a step in the right direction in terms of meeting victimised children's needs and legal rights, and that it could be recommended as a promising practice for other countries. At the same time, it is not a quick fix. In light of the book contributions, this chapter discusses the potentials and challenges of the Barnahus model in the Nordic context and beyond. It highlights the importance of the Nordic welfare state context for the implementation of the model and discusses the different modes of governance that have developed around it. The chapter further describes how the implementation of the Barnahus model has led to the development of a new institutional field - the Barnahus field - and a corresponding field of multidisciplinary research.
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4. |
- Turcot, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:1, s. 26-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are similar to 10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed similar to 7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.
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5. |
- Bokhorst, Stef, et al.
(författare)
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Changing Arctic snow cover : A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:5, s. 516-537
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.
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6. |
- Johansson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Power Dynamics in Barnahus Collaboration
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model - Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319583877 - 9783319583884 ; , s. 251-271
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barnahus collaboration spans different regulatory fields and brings together conflicting logics, creating an institutional tension between justice and welfare. In this chapter, collaboration in Swedish Barnahus is analysed in a critical manner, drawing on institutional theory and a three-dimensional concept of power. The complex institutional power dynamics evolving in Barnahus collaboration are illustrated, and subsequently how the tension between justice and welfare is negotiated and balanced. A central conclusion is the identified process of 'juridification' as an institutional power effect. Since multi-agency collaboration often exerts a cognitive power that builds on consensus, the framework presented in this chapter - revealing underlying conflicts of interests and power imbalances - is very important for understanding Barnahus collaboration, as well as other similar contexts of collaboration and integrated services.
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7. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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8. |
- Marouli, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 542:7640, s. 186-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
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9. |
- McKay, James D., et al.
(författare)
-
Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:7, s. 1126-1132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several lung cancer susceptibility loci have been identified, much of the heritability for lung cancer remains unexplained. Here 14,803 cases and 12,262 controls of European descent were genotyped on the OncoArray and combined with existing data for an aggregated genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis of lung cancer in 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls. We identified 18 susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, including 10 new loci. The new loci highlight the striking heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across the histological subtypes of lung cancer, with four loci associated with lung cancer overall and six loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in 1,425 normal lung tissue samples highlights RNASET2, SECISBP2L and NRG1 as candidate genes. Other loci include genes such as a cholinergic nicotinic receptor, CHRNA2, and the telomere-related genes OFBC1 and RTEL1. Further exploration of the target genes will continue to provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer.
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10. |
- Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient air-processed mixed-ion perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 4:42, s. 16536-16545
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed-ion (FAPbI(3))(1-x)(MAPbBr(3))(x) perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies surpassing 20%. However, in order to obtain these high efficiencies the preparation is performed in a controlled inert atmosphere. Here, we report a procedure for manufacturing highly efficient solar cells with a mixed-ion perovskite in ambient atmosphere. By including a heating step at moderate temperatures of the mesoporous titanium dioxide substrates, and spin-coating the perovskite solution on the warm substrates in ambient air, a red intermediate phase is obtained. Annealing the red phase at 100 degrees C results in a uniform and crystalline perovskite film, whose thickness is dependent on the substrate temperature prior to spin-coating. The temperature was optimized between 20 and 100 degrees C and it was observed that 50 degrees C substrate temperature yielded the best solar cell performances. The average efficiency of the best device was 17.6%, accounting for current-voltage (I-V) measurement hysteresis, with 18.8% performance in the backward scan direction and 16.4% in the forward scan direction. Our results show that it is possible to manufacture high-efficiency mixed-ion perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions, which is relevant for large-scale and low-cost device manufacturing processing.
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11. |
- Zhang, Xiaoliang, et al.
(författare)
-
Dry-Deposited Transparent Carbon Nanotube Film as Front Electrode in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:2, s. 434-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show great potential as an alternative material for front electrodes in photovoltaic applications, especially for flexible devices. In this work, a press-transferred transparent SWCNT film was utilized as front electrode for colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs). The solar cells were fabricated on both glass and flexible substrates, and maximum power conversion efficiencies of 5.5 and 5.6 %, respectively, were achieved, which corresponds to 90 and 92% of an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-based device (6.1 %). The SWCNTs are therefore a very good alternative to the ITO-based electrodes especially for flexible solar cells. The optical electric field distribution and optical losses within the devices were simulated theoretically and the results agree with the experimental results. With the optical simulations that were performed it may also be possible to enhance the photovoltaic performance of SWCNT-based solar cells even further by optimizing the device configuration or by using additional optical active layers, thus reducing light reflection of the device and increasing light absorption in the quantum dot layer.
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12. |
- Zhang, Xiaoliang, et al.
(författare)
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Fine Tuned Nanolayered Metal/Metal Oxide Electrode for Semitransparent Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 26:12, s. 1921-1929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semitransparent photovoltaics have great potential, for example, in buildingintegrationor in portable electronics. However, the front and back contactelectrodes signifi cantly affect the light transmission and photovoltaic performanceof the complete device. Herein, the use of a semitransparentnanolayered metal/metal oxide electrode for a semitransparent PbS colloidalquantum dot solar cell to increase the light transmission and power conversioneffi ciency is reported. The effect of the nanolayered electrode on theoptical properties within the solar cells is studied and compared to a theoreticallymodel to identify the origin of optical losses that lower the devicetransmission. The results show that the light transmission in the visibleregion and the photovoltaic performance are signifi cantly enhanced with thenanolayered electrode. The solar cell shows an effi ciency of 5.4% and averagevisible transmittance of 24.1%, which is an increase by 28.6% and 59.6%,respectively, compared to the device with a standard Au fi lm as the electrode.These results demonstrate that the optical and electrical modifi cation oftransparent electrode is possible and essential for reducing the light refl ectionand absorption of the electrode in semitransparent photovoltaics, and,meanwhile the demonstrated nanolayered materials may provide an avenuefor enhancing the device transparency and efficiency.
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13. |
- Zhang, Xiaoliang, et al.
(författare)
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FTO-free top-illuminated colloidal quantum dot electro-optics in devices
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 158, s. 533-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solar cell device architecture with top-illumination, where the light does not pass through the substrate, is advantageous for many applications. It is also specifically useful for the construction of tandem or multiple junction photovoltaic devices, with illumination through the top solar cell. Here, a top-illuminated colloidal quantum dot solar cell (TI-CQDSC) is demonstrated and compared with a conventional colloidal quantum dot solar cell (C-CQDSC) constructed on a FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) glass substrate both theoretically and experimentally. The optical electric field distribution in the solar cells with different configuration is simulated using transfer matrix formalism and a more intense optical electric field was observed in TI-CQDSC, leading to a higher exciton generation rate within the colloidal quantum dot solid. The TI-CQDSCs are constructed on both nonconductive glass and flexible substrates, and a maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.4% and 5.6% is achieved, respectively, comparing to that of 5.9% for the C-CQDSC. The improved performance of the top illuminated solar cell is attributed to a combination of enhanced optical electric field intensity in the colloidal quantum dot solid and superior conductivity of the transparent metal film electrode.
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14. |
- Aitola, Kerttu, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon nanotube-based hybrid hole-transporting material and selective contact for high efficiency perovskite solar cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 9:2, s. 461-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a high efficiency perovskite solar cell with a hybrid hole-transporting material-counter electrode based on a thin single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film and a drop-cast 2,2,7,-7-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,90-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transporting material (HTM). The average efficiency of the solar cells was 13.6%, with the record cell yielding 15.5% efficiency. The efficiency of the reference solar cells with spin-coated Spiro-OMeTAD hole-transportingmaterials (HTMs) and an evaporated gold counter electrode was 17.7% (record 18.8%), that of the cells with only a SWCNT counter electrode (CE) without additional HTM was 9.1% (record 11%) and that of the cells with gold deposited directly on the perovskite layer was 5% (record 6.3%). Our results show that it is possible to manufacture high efficiency perovskite solar cells with thin film (thickness less than 1 mu m) completely carbon-based HTMCEs using industrially upscalable manufacturing methods, such as press-transferred CEs and drop-cast HTMs.
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15. |
- Aitola, Kerttu, et al.
(författare)
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High Temperature-Stable Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Low-Cost Carbon Nanotube Hole Contact
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 29:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixed ion perovskite solar cells (PSC) are manufactured with a metal-free hole contact based on press-transferred single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film infiltrated with 2,2,7,-7-tetrakis(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,90-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD). By means of maximum power point tracking, their stabilities are compared with those of standard PSCs employing spin-coated Spiro-OMeTAD and a thermally evaporated Au back contact, under full 1 sun illumination, at 60 degrees C, and in a N-2 atmosphere. During the 140 h experiment, the solar cells with the Au electrode experience a dramatic, irreversible efficiency loss, rendering them effectively nonoperational, whereas the SWCNT-contacted devices show only a small linear efficiency loss with an extrapolated lifetime of 580 h.
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16. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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17. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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18. |
-
Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model
- 2017. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This edited collection explores the background and implementation of the Nordic Barnahus (or 'Children's House') model - recognised as one of the most important reforms related to children who are the victims of crime in the Nordic region. This book discusses both its potential to affect change and the challenges facing it. The model was introduced as a response to a growing recognition of the need for more integrated and child-centred services for children exposed to violence and sexual abuse. In the Barnahus structure, different professions work together to ensure that victimized children receive help and treatment and that their legal rights are met. This original study is organised in four broad themes: child-friendliness, support and treatment; the forensic child investigative interview; children's rights perspectives; and interagency collaboration and professional autonomy. Each themed section includes in-depth chapters from different Nordic countries, outlining and analysing the practice and outcomes of the collaborative work engaged in by Barnahus from different perspectives. The introductory and concluding chapters offer a comparative lens useful for policy and practice implementation within the Nordic welfare state context and beyond, ensuring this book has global academic and practical appeal.
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19. |
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20. |
- Ding, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension : Mendelian randomization study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To examine whether previous observed inverse associations of dairy intake with systolic blood pressure and risk of hypertension were causal. DESIGN Mendelian randomization study using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs4988235 related to lactase persistence as an instrumental variable. SETTING CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium. PARTICIPANTS Data from 22 studies with 171 213 participants, and an additional 10 published prospective studies with 26 119 participants included in the observational analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The instrumental variable estimation was conducted using the ratio of coefficients approach. Using metaanalysis, an additional eight published randomized clinical trials on the association of dairy consumption with systolic blood pressure were summarized. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotype (CC is associated with complete lactase deficiency), the CT/TT genotype (TT is associated with lactose persistence, and CT is associated with certain lactase deficiency) of LCT-13910 (lactase persistence gene) rs4988235 was associated with higher dairy consumption (0.23 (about 55 g/day), 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.29) serving/day; P<0.001) and was not associated with systolic blood pressure (0.31, 95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.68 mm Hg; P=0.09) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.05; P=0.27). Using LCT-13910 rs4988235 as the instrumental variable, genetically determined dairy consumption was not associated with systolic blood pressure (beta=1.35, 95% confidence interval -0.28 to 2.97 mm Hg for each serving/day) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.04, 0.88 to 1.24). Moreover, meta-analysis of the published clinical trials showed that higher dairy intake has no significant effect on change in systolic blood pressure for interventions over one month to 12 months (intervention compared with control groups: beta=-0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.98 to 0.57 mm Hg). In observational analysis, each serving/day increase in dairy consumption was associated with -0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.02 mm Hg; P=0.02) lower systolic blood pressure but not risk of hypertension (odds ratio 0.98, 0.97 to 1.00; P=0.11). CONCLUSION The weak inverse association between dairy intake and systolic blood pressure in observational studies was not supported by a comprehensive instrumental variable analysis and systematic review of existing clinical trials.
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21. |
- Fretts, Amanda M., et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of meat is associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations regardless of glucose and insulin genetic risk scores : a meta-analysis of 50,345 Caucasians
- 2015
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 102:5, s. 1266-1278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that meat intake is associated with diabetes-related phenotypes. However, whether the associations of meat intake and glucose and insulin homeostasis are modified by genes related to glucose and insulin is unknown. Objective: We investigated the associations of meat intake and the interaction of meat with genotype on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in Caucasians free of diabetes mellitus. Design: Fourteen studies that are part of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium participated in the analysis. Data were provided for up to 50,345 participants. Using linear regression within studies and a fixed-effects meta-analysis across studies, we examined l) the associations of processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations; and 2) the interactions of processed meat and unprocessed red meat with genetic risk score related to fasting glucose or insulin resistance on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: Processed meat was associated with higher fasting glucose, and unprocessed red meat was associated with both higher fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations after adjustment for potential confounders [not including body mass index (BMI)]. For every additional 50-g serving of processed meat per day, fasting glucose was 0.021 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.011, 0.030 mmol/L) higher. Every additional 100-g serving of unprocessed red meat per day was associated with a 0.037-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.023, 0.051-mmol/L) higher fasting glucose concentration and a 0.049-1n-pmon (95% CI: 0.035, 0.063-1n-pmol/L) higher fasting insulin concentration. After additional adjustment for BMI, observed associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. The association of processed meat and fasting insulin did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Observed associations were not modified by genetic loci known to influence fasting glucose or insulin resistance. Conclusion: The association of higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations with meat consumption was not modified by an index of glucose- and insulin-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
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22. |
- Göhler, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Functional germline variants in driver genes of breast cancer
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - Dordrecht : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:4, s. 259-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Germline mutations in tumour suppressor genes cause various cancers. These genes are also somatically mutated in sporadic tumours. We hypothesized that there may also be cancer-related germline variants in the genes commonly mutated in sporadic breast tumours. Methods: After excluding the well-characterized breast cancer (BC) genes, we screened 15 novel genes consistently classified as BC driver genes in next-generation sequencing approaches for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Altogether 40 SNPs located in the core promoter, 5′- and 3′-UTR or which were nonsynonymous SNPs were genotyped in 782 Swedish incident BC cases and 1,559 matched controls. After statistical analyses, further evaluations related to functional prediction and signatures of selection were performed. Results: TBX3 was associated with BC risk (rs2242442: OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.92, dominant model) and with less aggressive tumour characteristics. An association with BC survival and aggressive tumour characteristics was detected for the genes ATR (rs2227928: HR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.00–2.64, dominant model), RUNX1 (rs17227210: HR = 3.50, 95% CI 1.42–8.61, recessive model) and TTN (rs2303838: HR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.04–5.39; rs2042996: HR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.19–4.37, recessive model). According to the experimental ENCODE data all these SNPs themselves or SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with them (r2 ≥ 0.80) were located in regulatory regions. RUNX1 and TTN showed also several signatures of positive selection. Conclusion: The study gave evidence that germline variants in BC driver genes may have impact on BC risk and/or survival. Future studies could discover further germline variants in known or so far unknown driver genes which contribute to cancer development.
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23. |
- Göhler, Stella, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of functional germline variants and a deletion polymorphism in APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B on breast cancer risk and survival in a Swedish study population
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 142:1, s. 273-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The C -> T mutation signature caused by APOBEC family members contributes to the development of breast cancer (BC). Also overexpression of APOBEC3B and a similar to 29. 5-kb deletion polymorphism between APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B have been associated with increased BC risk. Methods: We investigated in a population-based study, with 782 Swedish BC cases and 1559 controls, associations between potentially functional germline variants in APOBEC3A or APOBEC3B gene and BC risk and survival. Additionally, we identified deletion polymorphism carriers and explored possible associations with BC. Results: No evidence of association between any germline variant, including the deletion polymorphism, and BC risk or survival was observed. Only APOBEC3A promoter polymorphism rs5757402 was associated with low stage (OR = 0.69, 95 % CI 0.50-0.96, dominant model). Conclusion: The reported association between the deletion polymorphism and BC risk was not confirmed in the Swedish population, nor did any genotyped germline variant show any association with BC risk or survival.
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24. |
- Hagström, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index in early pregnancy and future risk of severe liver disease : a population-based cohort study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Blackwell Science Ltd.. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 49:6, s. 789-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In young men, high body mass index (BMI) has been linked to liver disease later in life, but it is unclear if this also applies to women.AIM: To study the association between BMI early in life and development of liver disease later in life in women.METHODS: We obtained data on early pregnancy BMI from 1 139 458 Swedish women between 1992 and 2015. National registers were used to ascertain incident severe liver disease, defined as cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma, oesophageal varices, hepatorenal syndrome or hepatic encephalopathy) or liver failure. A Cox regression model was used to investigate associations of BMI with incident severe liver disease adjusting for maternal age, calendar year, country of birth, smoking, civil status and education.RESULTS: (95% CI 1.02-1.05). A diagnosis of diabetes was associated with an increased risk of severe liver disease independent of baseline BMI.CONCLUSION: A high BMI early in life in women is associated with a dose-dependent, increased risk for future severe liver disease.
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25. |
- Hua, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Facile synthesis of fluorene-based hole transport materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 26, s. 108-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel low-cost fluorene-based hole transport materials (HTMs) HT1 and HT2 as alternatives to the expensive HTM Spiro-OMeTAD have been designed and synthesized for the application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ssDSCs). The two HTMs were prepared through a facile two-step reaction from cheap starting material and with a total yield higher than 90%. These HTMs exhibit good solubility and charge-transport ability. PSCs based on HT2 achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.04% under air conditions, which is comparable to that of the cell employing the commonly used Spiro-OMeTAD (18.27%), while HT1-based cell showed a slightly worse performance with a PCE of 17.18%. For ssDSCs, the HT2-based device yielded a PCE of 6.35%, which is also comparable to that of a cell fabricated based on Spiro-OMeTAD (6.36%). We found that the larger dimensional structure and molecular weight of HT2 enable better photovoltaic performance than that of the smaller one HT1. These results show that easily synthesized fluorene-based HTMs have great potential to replace the expensive Spiro-OMeTAD for both PSCs and ssDSCs.
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26. |
- Huang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adults : Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 184802 Individuals from 25 Studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 64:1, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between dairy intake and body mass index (BMI) have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill defined.METHODS: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using an established dairy intake-associated genetic polymorphism located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) as an instrumental variable (IV). Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between (a) dairy intake and BMI, (b) rs4988235 and dairy intake, and (c) rs4988235 and BMI in each study. The causal effect of dairy intake on BMI was quantified by IV estimators among 184802 participants from 25 studies.RESULTS: Higher dairy intake was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.03 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.00–0.06; P = 0.04), whereas the LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with 0.20 (95% CI, 0.14–0.25) serving/day higher dairy intake (P = 3.15 × 10−12) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.17) kg/m2 higher BMI (P = 2.11 × 10−5). MR analysis showed that the genetically determined higher dairy intake was significantly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.60 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.27–0.92; P = 3.0 × 10−4).CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults.
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27. |
- Hultqvist, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Electron Selective SnOx and ZnO Films on Mixed Halide Perovskite : Compatibility and Performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:35, s. 29707-29716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compatibility of atomic layer deposition directly onto the mixed halide perovskite formamidinium lead iodide:methylammonium lead bromide (CH(NH2)(2), CH3NH3)Pb(I,Br)(3) (FAPbI(3):MAPbBr(3)) perovskite films is investigated by exposing the perovskite films to the full or partial atomic layer deposition processes for the electron selective layer candidates ZnO and SnOx. Exposing the samples to the heat, the vacuum, and even the counter reactant of H2O of the atomic layer deposition processes does not appear to alter the perovskite films in terms of crystallinity, but the choice of metal precursor is found to be critical. The Zn precursor Zn(C2H5)(2) either by itself or in combination with H2O during the ZnO atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is found to enhance the decomposition of the bulk of the perovskite film into PbI2 without even forming ZnO. In contrast, the Sn precursor Sn(N(CH3)(2))(4) does not seem to degrade the bulk of the perovskite film, and conformal SnOx films can successfully be grown on top of it using atomic layer deposition. Using this SnOx film as the electron selective layer in inverted perovskite solar cells results in a lower power conversion efficiency of 3.4% than the 8.4% for the reference devices using phenyl-C-70-butyric acid methyl ester. However, the devices with SnOx show strong hysteresis and can be pushed to an efficiency of 7.8% after biasing treatments. Still, these cells lacks both open circuit voltage and fill factor compared to the references, especially when thicker SnOx films are used. Upon further investigation, a possible cause of these losses could be that the perovskite/SnOx interface is not ideal and more specifically found to be rich in Sn, O, and halides, which is probably a result of the nucleation during the SnOx growth and which might introduce barriers or alter the band alignment for the transport of charge carriers.
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28. |
- Hutcheon, Jennifer A., et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy Weight Gain Before Diagnosis and Risk of Preeclampsia : A Population-Based Cohort Study in Nulliparous Women
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 72:2, s. 433-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight gain in early pregnancy may influence a woman's risk of developing preeclampsia. However, the consequences of weight gain throughout pregnancy up to the diagnosis of preeclampsia are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy weight gain before the diagnosis of preeclampsia is associated with increased risks of preeclampsia (overall and by preeclampsia subtype). The study population included nulliparous pregnant women in the Swedish counties of Gotland and Stockholm, 2008 to 2013, stratified by early pregnancy body mass index category. Electronic medical records were linked with population inpatient and outpatient records to establish date of preeclampsia diagnosis (classified as any, early preterm <34 weeks, late preterm 34-36 weeks, or term 37 weeks). Antenatal weight gain measurements were standardized into gestational age-specific z scores. Among 62705 nulliparous women, 2770 (4.4%) developed preeclampsia. Odds of preeclampsia increased by approximate to 60% with every 1 z score increase in pregnancy weight gain among normal weight and overweight women and by 20% among obese women. High pregnancy weight gain was more strongly associated with term preeclampsia than early preterm preeclampsia (eg, 64% versus 43% increased odds per 1 z score difference in weight gain in normal weight women, and 30% versus 0% in obese women, respectively). By 25 weeks, the weight gain of women who subsequently developed preeclampsia was significantly higher than women who did not (eg, 0.43 kg in normal weight women). In conclusion, high pregnancy weight gain before diagnosis increases the risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women and is more strongly associated with later-onset preeclampsia than early-onset preeclampsia.
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29. |
- Jackson, Victoria E, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of exome array data identifies six novel genetic loci for lung function.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wellcome open research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2398-502X. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Over 90 regions of the genome have been associated with lung function to date, many of which have also been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: We carried out meta-analyses of exome array data and three lung function measures: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio of FEV 1 to FVC (FEV 1/FVC). These analyses by the SpiroMeta and CHARGE consortia included 60,749 individuals of European ancestry from 23 studies, and 7,721 individuals of African Ancestry from 5 studies in the discovery stage, with follow-up in up to 111,556 independent individuals. Results: We identified significant (P<2·8x10 -7) associations with six SNPs: a nonsynonymous variant in RPAP1, which is predicted to be damaging, three intronic SNPs ( SEC24C, CASC17 and UQCC1) and two intergenic SNPs near to LY86 and FGF10. Expression quantitative trait loci analyses found evidence for regulation of gene expression at three signals and implicated several genes, including TYRO3 and PLAU. Conclusions: Further interrogation of these loci could provide greater understanding of the determinants of lung function and pulmonary disease.
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30. |
- Johansson, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of pregnancy after bariatric surgery
- 2015
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 372:9, s. 814-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity is associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes, large-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, congenital malformations, and stillbirth. The risks of these outcomes among women who have undergone bariatric surgery are unclear.METHODS: We identified 627,693 singleton pregnancies in the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 2006 through 2011, of which 670 occurred in women who had previously undergone bariatric surgery and for whom presurgery weight was documented. For each pregnancy after bariatric surgery, up to five control pregnancies were matched for the mother's presurgery body-mass index (BMI; we used early-pregnancy BMI in the controls), age, parity, smoking history, educational level, and delivery year. We assessed the risks of gestational diabetes, large-for-gestational-age and small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal death, and major congenital malformations.RESULTS: Pregnancies after bariatric surgery, as compared with matched control pregnancies, were associated with lower risks of gestational diabetes (1.9% vs. 6.8%; odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.47; P< 0.001) and large-for-gestational-age infants (8.6% vs. 22.4%; odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.44; P< 0.001). In contrast, they were associated with a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (15.6% vs. 7.6%; odds ratio, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.64 to 2.95; P< 0.001) and shorter gestation (273.0 vs. 277.5 days; mean difference -4.5 days; 95% CI, -2.9 to -6.0; P< 0.001), although the risk of preterm birth was not significantly different (10.0% vs. 7.5%; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.78; P = 0.15). The risk of stillbirth or neonatal death was 1.7% versus 0.7% (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.98 to 5.85; P = 0.06). There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of congenital malformations.CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced risks of gestational diabetes and excessive fetal growth, shorter gestation, an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants, and possibly increased mortality.
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31. |
- Johansson, Maritha
(författare)
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Läsa, förstå, analysera : En komparativ studie om svenska och franska gymnasieelevers reception av en narrativ text
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med avhandlingen är att bidra till en ökad kunskap om hur litterär socialisation genom undervisning i olika kontexter påverkar elevers sätt att förhålla sig till en narrativ text och vilka konsekvenser den litterära socialisationen får för olika aspekter av litteraturreception, såsom tolkning, förståelse och begreppshantering. I denna komparativa studie används Sverige och Frankrike som exempel. Det huvudsakliga empiriska materialet består av 223 gymnasieelevers skriftliga reception av en novell. Elevernas texter har analyserats ur olika perspektiv relaterade till litterära receptionsteorier. Avhandlingen innehåller också en analys av undervisningsrelaterade aspekter som kan påverka elevens reception på den lästa texten. Analyserna visar att när man utbildas inom ett system som bygger på strukturalism och formalism, som det franska, blir huvudintresset i interaktionen med den skönlitterära texten närläsningar med fokus på berättarstrukturer och -teknik. Detta är till stor hjälp för att förstå exempelvis den yttre handlingen och berättarperspektivet. En annan aspekt är att eleverna håller sig inom de ramar som litteraturundervisningen ställer upp. Det finns också en risk för att det leder till en teknisk läsning där känslomässiga inslag utesluts. När man utbildas i ett system som likt det svenska fokuserar mer på en upplevelse- och erfarenhetsbaserad läsning, blir elevernas interagerande med texten friare. Analysen visar dock att även om en emotionell läsning kan vara nödvändig för att ge berättelsen liv, riskerar den att utgöra hinder för förståelsen. En litteraturundervisning som kombinerar läsning för nöje, förståelse och analys framstår därmed som mest effektiv för att främja såväl analytisk förmåga som läsglädje.
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32. |
- Johansson, Susanne
(författare)
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Sexual Relationships between Athletes and Coaches : Love, Sexual Consent, and Abuse
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Coach-athlete sexual relationships (CASR) and sexual harassment and abuse (SHA) in sport can profoundly impact athletes’ welfare and performance. Yet, it is often ignored due to sensitivity, secrecy, and lack of knowledge. There is no previous research on SHA in sport in Sweden, and legal, consensual, same-sex CASR is under-researched. The overall purpose of this doctoral thesis is to examine CASR in competitive sport in Sweden. More specifically: a) athletes’ experiences of CASR; b) prevalence of SHA in coach-athlete relationships; c) conceptual and theoretical issues to broaden the understanding of CASR and SHA, will be examined.Survey methodology is employed in Article I to explore the prevalence of SHA, coach-athlete relationship factors, and association between relationship factors and SHA. A random sample of current and former male and female Swedish athletes (n=477) aged 25 participated. Article II outlines critical issues of CASR, and theories and conceptualisations of romantic love, sexual consent, and female athlete sexual agency is further developed in the thesis research summary. Drawing on interviews with five female elite athletes aged 23-30, experiences of CASR are analysed in-depth using discourse analyses in Article III and narrative case study design in Article IV.Results show that athletes’ experiences of CASR are positively and negatively diverse but potentially problematic because boundary ambiguity, secrecy, and isolation are common. Social and ethical dilemmas may also occur because CASR intersect contrasting discourses regarding elite sport, coach–athlete relationships, and romantic love. Moreover, CASR integrate professional and private contexts in which equality and power deviate. The research illustrates empirically and theoretically how female elite athletes exercise agency and recognise consensual, mutually desired CASR where romantic love is priority. However, sexual consent can be ambivalent rather than a mutually exclusive yes/no dualism. Socially, consent is a process of negotiation informed by contextual factors, sexual agency, and social structure. In addition, 5.5% prevalence of SHA perpetrated by male coaches is reported, distributed throughout the sampled athletes’ gender, age, sport performance levels, and individual/team sports in the sample.In conclusion, this thesis expands knowledge of athletes’ experiences of love, sexual consent, and abuse in CASR. Previous evidence of SHA in sport is confirmed to include sport in Sweden. Implications for sport and sport sciences are offered.
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33. |
- Jonsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of sequence variants influencing immunoglobulin levels
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 49:8, s. 1182-1191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunoglobulins are the effector molecules of the adaptive humoral immune system. In a genome-wide association study of 19,219 individuals, we found 38 new variants and replicated 5 known variants associating with IgA, IgG or IgM levels or with composite immunoglobulin traits, accounted for by 32 loci. Variants at these loci also affect the risk of autoimmune diseases and blood malignancies and influence blood cell development. Notable associations include a rare variant at RUNX3 decreasing IgA levels by shifting isoform proportions (rs188468174[C>T]: P = 8.3 × 10(-55), β = -0.90 s.d.), a rare in-frame deletion in FCGR2B abolishing IgG binding to the encoded receptor (p.Asn106del: P = 4.2 × 10(-8), β = 1.03 s.d.), four IGH locus variants influencing class switching, and ten new associations with the HLA region. Our results provide new insight into the regulation of humoral immunity.
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34. |
- Joshi, Peter K, et al.
(författare)
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Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 523:7561, s. 459-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10(-300), 2.1 × 10(-6), 2.5 × 10(-10) and 1.8 × 10(-10), respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months' less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.
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35. |
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36. |
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37. |
- Neovius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of suicide and non-fatal self-harm after bariatric surgery: results from two matched cohort studies.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 6:3, s. 197-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bariatric surgery reduces mortality, but might have adverse effects on mental health. We assessed the risk of suicide and self-harm after bariatric surgery compared with non-surgical obesity treatment.Suicide and non-fatal self-harm events retrieved from nationwide Swedish registers were examined in two cohorts. The non-randomised, prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study compared bariatric surgery (n=2010; 1369 vertical-banded gastroplasty, 376 gastric banding, and 265 gastric bypass) with usual care (n=2037; recruitment 1987-2001). The second cohort consisted of individuals from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg; n=20256 patients who had gastric bypass) matched to individuals treated with intensive lifestyle modification (n=16162; intervention 2006-13) on baseline BMI, age, sex, education level, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, history of self-harm, substance misuse, antidepressant use, anxiolytics use, and psychiatric health-care contacts.During 68528 person-years (median 18; IQR 14-21) in the SOS study, suicides or non-fatal self-harm events were higher in the surgery group (n=87) than in the control group (n=49; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1·78, 95% CI 1·23-2·57; p=0·0021); of these events, nine and three were suicides, respectively (3·06, 0·79-11·88; p=0·11). In analyses by primary procedure type, increased risk of suicide or non-fatal self-harm was identified for gastric bypass (3·48, 1·65-7·31; p=0·0010), gastric banding (2·43, 1·23-4·82; p=0·011), and vertical-banded gastroplasty (2·25, 1·37-3·71; p=0·0015) compared with controls. Out of nine deaths by suicide in the SOS surgery group, five occurred after gastric bypass (two primary and three converted procedures). During 149582 person-years (median 3·9; IQR 2·8-5·2), more suicides or non-fatal self-harm events were reported in the SOReg gastric bypass group (n=341) than in the intensive lifestyle group (n=84; aHR 3·16, 2·46-4·06; p<0·0001); of these events, 33 and five were suicides, respectively (5·17, 1·86-14·37; p=0·0017). In SOS, substance misuse during follow-up was recorded in 48% (39/81) of patients treated with surgery and 28% (13/47) of controls with non-fatal self-harm events (p=0·023). Correspondingly, substance misuse during follow-up was recorded in 51% (162/316) of participants in the SOReg gastric bypass group and 29% (23/80) of participants in the intensive lifestyle group with non-fatal self-harm events (p=0·0003). The risk of suicide and self-harm was not associated with poor weight loss outcome.Bariatric surgery was associated with suicide and non-fatal self-harm. However, the absolute risks were low and do not justify a general discouragement of bariatric surgery. The findings indicate a need for thorough preoperative psychiatric history assessment along with provision of information about increased risk of self-harm following surgery. Moreover, the findings call for postoperative surveillance with particular attention to mental health.US National Institutes of Health and Swedish Research Council.
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38. |
- Nettleton, Jennifer A, et al.
(författare)
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Gene x dietary pattern interactions in obesity : analysis of up to 68 317 adults of European ancestry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 24:16, s. 4728-4738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is highly heritable. Genetic variants showing robust associationswith obesity traits have been identified through genome wide association studies. We investigated whether a composite score representing healthy diet modifies associations of these variants with obesity traits. Totally, 32 body mass index (BMI)- and 14 waist-hip ratio (WHR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphismswere genotyped, and genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated in 18 cohorts of European ancestry (n = 68 317). Diet score was calculated based on self-reported intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and fried potatoes (unfavorable). Multivariable adjusted, linear regression within each cohort followed by inverse variance-weighted, fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to characterize: (a) associations of each GRS with BMI and BMI-adjustedWHR and (b) diet score modification of genetic associations with BMI and BMI-adjusted WHR. Nominally significant interactions (P = 0.006-0.04) were observed between the diet score and WHR-GRS (but not BMI-GRS), two WHR loci (GRB14 rs10195252; LYPLAL1 rs4846567) and two BMI loci (LRRN6C rs10968576; MTIF3 rs4771122), for the respective BMI-adjustedWHR or BMI outcomes. Although the magnitudes of these select interactions were small, our data indicated that associations between genetic predisposition and obesity traits were stronger with a healthier diet. Our findings generate interesting hypotheses; however, experimental and functional studies are needed to determine their clinical relevance.
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39. |
- Ng, Winda L., et al.
(författare)
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Change in Use of Sleep Medications After Gastric Bypass Surgery or Intensive Lifestyle Treatment in Adults with Obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : WILEY. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 25:8, s. 1451-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the change in use of hypnotics and/or sedatives after gastric bypass surgery or intensive lifestyle modification in adults with obesity.Methods: Adults with obesity who underwent gastric bypass surgery or initiated intensive lifestyle modification between 2007 and 2012 were identified through the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and a Swedish commercial weight loss database. The two cohorts were matched on BMI, age, sex, education, history of hypnotics and/or sedatives use, and treatment year (surgery n = 20,626; lifestyle n = 11,973; 77% women, mean age 41 years, mean BMI 41 kg/m(2)). The proportion of participants with filled hypnotics and/or sedatives prescriptions was compared yearly for 3 years.Results: In the matched treatment cohorts, 4% had filled prescriptions for hypnotics and/or sedatives during the year before treatment. At 1 year follow-up, following an average weight loss of 37 kg and 18 kg in the surgery and intensive lifestyle cohorts, respectively, this proportion had increased to 7% in the surgery cohort but remained at 4% in the intensive lifestyle cohort (risk ratio 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.1); at 2 years, the proportion had increased to 11% versus 5% (risk ratio 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7-2.4); and at 3 years, it had increased to 14% versus 6% (risk ratio 2.2; 95% CI: 1.9-2.6).Conclusions: Gastric bypass surgery was associated with increased use of hypnotics and/or sedatives compared with intensive lifestyle modification.
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40. |
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41. |
- Olsson, Ann-Margreth E., et al.
(författare)
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To Be Summoned to Barnahus: Children's Perspectives
- 2017
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Ingår i: Collaborating Against Child Abuse : Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model - Exploring the Nordic Barnahus Model. - Lund : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319583877 - 9783319583884 ; , s. 57-74, s. 57-74
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents and analyses children’s narratives about being summoned to, arriving at and visiting a Barnahus. The children felt welcomed as guests, but hard work awaited them in the police investigative interview in front of frightening cameras and with strangers watching in an adjacent room. The children found that they needed more information about what was going on and why. From the children’s perspective, Barnahus became a house where children meet the police in serious matters. This chapter concludes with suggestions for further research and reflections for practitioners in consideration of children’s experiences of procedures and of being addressed as non-acting objects—instead of the acting subjects, the children talked about themselves as being, and acted as, in the research interviews.
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42. |
- Pethrus, Carl-Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide and all-cause mortality in Swedish deployed military veterans : a population-based matched cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate suicide and mortality risk in deployed military veterans versus non-deployed comparators who had gone through military conscription testing.Design: Population-based matched cohort study.Setting: Sweden.Participants: Participants were identified from the Military Service Conscription Register and deployment status from the Swedish Military Information Personnel Register. Of 1.9 million conscripts, 21 721 had deployed at some time between 1990 and 2013 (deployed military veterans). Non-deployed comparators were matched to deployed military veterans in two ways: (1) by cognitive ability, psychological assessment, mental health, body mass index, sex, birth-year and conscription-year (carefully matched), with further adjustment for exercise capacity and suicide attempt history; and (2) by sex, birth-year and conscription-year (age-and sex-matched).Main outcome: Suicide retrieved from the Swedish National Patient and Causes of Death Register until 31 December 2013.Results: During a median follow-up of 12 years, 39 and 211 deaths by suicide occurred in deployed military veterans (n=21 627) and carefully matched non-deployed comparators (n=107 284), respectively (15 vs 16/100 000 person-years; adjusted HR (aHR) 1.07; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.52; p=0.72) and 329 in age-and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (n=108 140; 25/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.59; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.82; p=0.002). There were 284 and 1444 deaths by suicide or attempted suicides in deployed military veterans and carefully matched non-deployed comparators, respectively (109 vs 112; aHR 0.99; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13; p=0.93) and 2061 in age-and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (158; aHR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.79; p<0.001). The corresponding figures for all-cause mortality for carefully matched non-deployed comparators were 159 and 820 (61 vs 63/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.15; p=0.71) and 1289 for age-and sex-matched non-deployed comparators (98/100 000 person-years; aHR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.73; p<0.001).Conclusion: Deployed military veterans had similar suicide and mortality risk as non-deployed comparators after accounting for psychological, psychiatric and physical factors. Studies of mental health in deployed veterans need to adjust for more factors than age and sex for comparisons to be meaningful.
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43. |
- Saki, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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The synergistic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide vapor treatment and C-60 electron transporting layer towards enhancing current collection in mixed-ion inverted perovskite solar cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 405, s. 70-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been introduced as better candidate for roll-to-roll printing and scaleup than their conventional configuration counterparts, while their fabrication is technically more demanding. The common light absorbing layer in inverted PSCs is the single cation methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) perovskite, whereas mixed-ion perovskites are chemically more stable. In mixed-ion perovskites, where FA (formamidinium) is the main replacement for MA, the electron affinity is larger than in MAPbI3 perovskites, leading to possible barriers against photoelectron collection by the electron transporting layer (ETL). In this paper we report on a mixed-ion (FAPbI(3))(0.83)(MAPbBr(3))(0.17) inverted PSC with improved photocurrent through using a dimethyl sulfoxide vapor treatment of perovskite layer and replacing the conventional [6,6]-phenyl-C-71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) with C-60/bathocuproine (BCP) as more effective ETL. The treatment of perovskite layer results in reduction of impurity phases of 8-FAPbI(3) and Pbl(2). Photoluminescence and open circuit voltage decay data demonstrate better charge carrier collection by the C-60/BCP compared to the PC70BM ETL, and an electron barrier for the back flow of electrons from ETL to perovskite. Our improvements in perovskite crystalization and electron transfer layer simultaneously lead to increasing the current density from 10 to 21 mA cm(-2).
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44. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dental caries and periodontitis account for a vast burden of morbidity and healthcare spending, yet their genetic basis remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we identify self-reported dental disease proxies which have similar underlying genetic contributions to clinical disease measures and then combine these in a genome-wide association study meta-analysis, identifying 47 novel and conditionally-independent risk loci for dental caries. We show that the heritability of dental caries is enriched for conserved genomic regions and partially overlapping with a range of complex traits including smoking, education, personality traits and metabolic measures. Using cardio-metabolic traits as an example in Mendelian randomization analysis, we estimate causal relationships and provide evidence suggesting that the processes contributing to dental caries may have undesirable downstream effects on health.
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45. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Using genetics to test the causal relationship of total adiposity and periodontitis : Mendelian randomization analyses in the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) Consortium
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 44:2, s. 638-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The observational relationship between obesity and periodontitis is widely known, yet causal evidence is lacking. Our objective was to investigate causal associations between periodontitis and body mass index (BMI). Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization analyses with BMI-associated loci combined in a genetic risk score (GRS) as the instrument for BMI. All analyses were conducted within the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) Consortium in 13 studies from Europe and the USA, including 49 066 participants with clinically assessed (seven studies, 42.1% of participants) and self-reported (six studies, 57.9% of participants) periodontitis and genotype data (17 672/31 394 with/without periodontitis); 68 761 participants with BMI and genotype data; and 57 871 participants (18 881/38 990 with/without periodontitis) with data on BMI and periodontitis. Results: In the observational meta-analysis of all participants, the pooled crude observational odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis was 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.24] per standard deviation increase of BMI. Controlling for potential confounders attenuated this estimate (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12). For clinically assessed periodontitis, corresponding ORs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.42) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.17), respectively. In the genetic association meta-analysis, the OR for periodontitis was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.03) per GRS unit (per one effect allele) in all participants and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.03) in participants with clinically assessed periodontitis. The instrumental variable meta-analysis of all participants yielded an OR of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.38) per BMI standard deviation, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.46) in participants with clinical data. Conclusions: Our study does not support total adiposity as a causal risk factor for periodontitis, as the point estimate is very close to the null in the causal inference analysis, with wide confidence intervals.
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46. |
- Sundelin, Heléne, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy outcome in joint hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 96:1, s. 114-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: An increased risk of preterm birth in women with joint hypermobility syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is suspected.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this nationwide cohort study from 1997 through 2011, women with either joint hypermobility syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or both disorders were identified through the Swedish Patient Register, and linked to the Medical Birth Register. Thereby, 314 singleton births to women with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome before delivery were identified. These births were compared with 1 247 864 singleton births to women without a diagnosis of joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. We used logistic regression, adjusted for maternal age, smoking, parity, and year of birth, to calculate adjusted odds ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes.RESULTS: Maternal joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was not associated with any of our outcomes: preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio = 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.2), preterm premature rupture of membranes (adjusted odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval 0.3-2.2), cesarean section (adjusted odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.2), stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.2-7.9), low Apgar score (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval 0.7-3.6), small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.8) or large for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.6-2.1). Examining only women with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (n = 62), we found a higher risk of induction of labor (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.6) and amniotomy (adjusted odds ratio = 3.8; 95% confidence interval 2.0-7.1). No excess risks for adverse pregnancy outcome were seen in joint hypermobility syndrome.CONCLUSION: Women with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome do not seem to be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.
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47. |
- Sveinbjornsson, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of mixed-ion and inorganic perovskite films using water and isopropanol as solvents for solar cell applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 2:3, s. 606-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently, the most efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells are manufactured by using high-boiling point organic solvents to dissolve the perovskite precursor materials prior to the perovskite formation. Previously, efforts have been made to exchange the said solvents for water with some success. Herein, we build on that work to develop a procedure for synthesising perovskite absorbers using only water and isopropanol as solvents. Our technique can be utilised for fabricating many different perovskite compositions, organic and inorganic. The technique is based on the high solubility of metal nitrates, such as lead(ii) nitrate and caesium(i) nitrate, in water and, respectively, their poor solubilities in isopropanol. The inclusion of CsNO3 to Pb(NO3)(2) films does not result in a phase separation of the perovskite material as one would expect when using lead(ii) halide precursor films. Using the perovskite composition Cs(0.1)FA(0.9)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)(3) we were able to reach an average solar cell power conversion efficiency of 13.0%. Furthermore, the technique can be applied to many different perovskite compositions making it appealing for large-scale manufacturing of perovskite solar cells.
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48. |
- Sveinbjörnsson, Kári
(författare)
-
Preparation and Characterization of Lead Halide Perovskites : Towards sustainable, cost-effective and upscalable solar cell manufacture
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a recent contender within the photovoltaic research field. In a matter of a few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC has catapulted from 4% to above 22%, which represents one of the fastest developments in the field. The PSC band-gap tunability makes them interesting for use in tandem solar cells with other established solar cell technologies. This thesis focuses on exploring the photophysics of the perovskite material as well as the development of different perovskite preparation processes and materials for potential use in large-scale manufacture and tandem solar cell applications.First, the photoconductivity of a perovskite film deposited on different metal oxide nanoparticle layers is investigated. The results show that the perovskite can generate free charge carriers without the presence of an electron acceptor.Secondly, we constructed PSCs with a conducting carbon-nanotube film, as a replacement for both the hole-selective layer and the metallic back electrode, which yielded a PCE of 15.5%. Furthermore, we explored the preparation of semitransparent PSCs for tandem solar cells by using atomic-layer deposition (ALD) for depositing a thin electron-selective metal-oxide layer. We were successful using ALD directly on a perovskite layer without damage to the perovskite. Although the PSCs did not yield high PCE, the study marks a step in further development for direct ALD deposition onto the perovskite.Finally, we developed two different methods concerning sustainable manufacture of PSCs. The first method was based on the synthesis of the mixed-ion (FAPbI3)0.87(MAPbBr3)0.17 perovskite in ambient air, which had hitherto only been possible in inert atmosphere. The best PSC was obtained by depositing the perovskite onto a 50°C warm substrate in ambient air yielding a PCE of 17.7%. In the second method, only non-hazardous solvents, water and isopropanol, were used in the synthesis of Cs0.1FA0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3. It is the first publication of mixed inorganic and organic cation perovskite synthesis using a two-step preparation procedure with only non-hazardous solvents and the process yielded a PCE of 13.0%. The method allows for complete ionic control of the perovskite and further variation and improvements are therefore possible.
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49. |
- Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation of mixed-ion and inorganic perovskite films using water and isopropanol as solvents for solar cell applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : The Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 2:3, s. 606-615
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently, the most efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells are manufactured by using high-boiling point organic solvents to dissolve the perovskite precursor materials prior to the perovskite formation. Previously, efforts have been made to exchange the said solvents for water with some success. Herein, we build on that work to develop a procedure for synthesising perovskite absorbers using only water and isopropanol as solvents. Our technique can be utilised for fabricating many different perovskite compositions, organic and inorganic. The technique is based on the high solubility of metal nitrates, such as lead(ii) nitrate and caesium(i) nitrate, in water and, respectively, their poor solubilities in isopropanol. The inclusion of CsNO3 to Pb(NO3)2 films does not result in a phase separation of the perovskite material as one would expect when using lead(ii) halide precursor films. Using the perovskite composition Cs0.1FA0.9Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 we were able to reach an average solar cell power conversion efficiency of 13.0%. Furthermore, the technique can be applied to many different perovskite compositions making it appealing for large-scale manufacturing of perovskite solar cells.
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50. |
- Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, et al.
(författare)
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Probing Photocurrent Generation, Charge Transport, and Recombination Mechanisms in Mesostructured Hybrid Perovskite through Photoconductivity Measurements
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 6:21, s. 4259-4264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conductivity of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI(3)) perovskite was measured on different mesoporous metal oxide scaffolds: TiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2, as a function of incident light irradiation and temperature. It was found that MAPbI(3) exhibits intrinsic charge separation, and its conductivity stems from a majority of free charge carriers. The crystal morphology of the MAPbI(3) was found to significantly affect the photoconductivity, whereas in the dark the conductivity is governed by the perovskite in the pores of the mesoporous scaffold. The temperature-dependent conductivity measurements also indicate the presence of states within the band gap of the perovskite. Despite a relatively large amount of crystal defects in the measured material, the main recombination mechanism of the photogenerated charges is bimolecular (band-to-band), which suggests that the defect states are rather inactive in the recombination. This may explain the remarkable efficiencies obtained for perovskite solar cells prepared with wetchemical methods.
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