| 1. |
- Bakketeig, Elisiv, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberating the conditions for implementing the Barnahus model : Knowledge drawn from an institutional analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Justice and recovery for victimised children : Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models - Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models. - 9783031532320 - 9783031532337 ; , s. 249-277
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Referring to the PROMISE network’s European Barnahus quality standards, this concluding chapter further explores the institutional tensions identified in the previous chapters. Although these standards are important for securing the Barnahus model’s authenticity in the ongoing diffusion, they do not sufficiently address the possible tensions and dilemmas involved. We argue that if the Barnahus model is to reach its full potential, challenges must be identified in order to develop ways to solve them in relation to the various national systems where the model is implemented. Otherwise, the Barnahus model may not reach its full potential within different national contexts, since governments may use the model mainly as a symbol that something is being done instead of a source for more fundamental systemic changes.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Diffusion and translation of the Barnahus model through the lens of institutional tensions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Justice and recovery for victimised children : Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models - Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models. - 9783031532337 - 9783031532320 ; , s. 1-42
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the Barnahus model was first introduced in Iceland in 1998, it has spread to a number of European countries, both within and beyond the Nordic region. This introductory chapter has two main objectives: The first is to describe the further diffusion of the Barnahus model throughout Europe and to exemplify various translations at local levels; the second is to set the framework for the book by introducing the concepts of institutional tensions and logics. We introduce the concepts involved in understanding the Barnahus model in the light of its ongoing implementation within different institutional contexts and related to this book’s four main themes: (1) legal tensions, (2) organisational tensions, (3) professional-ethical tensions, and (4) balancing institutional tensions.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Included on paper, excluded in practice: or vice versa? : Formal and actual target groups of Barnahus across jurisdictions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Justice and recovery for victimised children : Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models - Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models. - 9783031532337 - 9783031532320 ; , s. 167-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing diffusion and European standardisation of the Barnahus model has involved a general expansion of the Barnahus target group, and variations in terms of inclusion and exclusion of different groups of children, such as those who have experienced domestic violence and those who have exhibited sexually harmful behaviour. Based on policy documents, reports, standards, and regulations from Sweden, Norway, and the European policy level, this chapter analyses how the positioning of children—as aggrieved parties, vulnerable individuals, and family members—is manifested in Barnahus regulations and case processing across jurisdictions, using Sweden and Norway as in-depth cases. The chapter shows how the positioning of children affects who is granted access to Barnahus (and to which services) during the different stages of case processing.
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| 4. |
- Stefansen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Institutional barriers to medical examinations in Barnahus
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Justice and recovery for victimised children : Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models - Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models. - 9783031532337 - 9783031532320 ; , s. 87-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although ensuring that victimised children receive timely medical health assessments is among the key aims of Barnahus, this goal has proven difficult to achieve in Norway, the empirical case examined in this chapter. Few children are offered a medical examination, and most examinations that are performed primarily serve a role in the “penal track” of the Barnahus model. Based on data from two national evaluation studies, we identify three types of institutional barriers that hamper the role of medical examinations in the “welfare track” of the model: established routines, regulatory issues, and a lack of resources. The concept of institutional inertia is helpful in understanding the institutional resistance towards change that often characterises the present situation.
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| 5. |
- Byun, Jinyoung, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis of 61,047 cases and 947,237 controls identifies new susceptibility loci contributing to lung cancer
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Research. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:8, s. 1167-1177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new susceptibility loci to lung cancer among diverse populations, we performed cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies in European, East Asian and African populations and discovered five loci that have not been previously reported. We replicated 26 signals and identified 10 new lead associations from previously reported loci. Rare-variant associations tended to be specific to populations, but even common-variant associations influencing smoking behavior, such as those with CHRNA5 and CYP2A6, showed population specificity. Fine-mapping and expression quantitative trait locus colocalization nominated several candidate variants and susceptibility genes such as IRF4 and FUBP1. DNA damage assays of prioritized genes in lung fibroblasts indicated that a subset of these genes, including the pleiotropic gene IRF4, potentially exert effects by promoting endogenous DNA damage.
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| 6. |
- Argento, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen participation in climate smart urban development : Part 1
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the first results of our engagement in the research project Climate-Smart Näsby. Our involvement from January to December 2021 was two-fold: first, it entailed identifying potential stakeholders in the urban sustainable development of Näsby, the northern part of the city of Kristianstad (Sweden); second, it entailed outlining citizen engagement possibilities for the project. The report highlights our reflections and lessons learned through literature review, document analysis, photo walks, interviews and workshops. After presenting the challenges cities face in their attempts to become more sustainable, the report emphasizes the importance of increased stakeholder engagement in sustainable city development projects. The report also illustrates some techniques for identifying and analyzing stakeholders and typical tools used to engage them. It discusses how the choice of method when studying citizens, and their engagement, can be a power factor leading to distanced view of citizens. It also highlights how understanding citizen engagement can be blurred due to different interpretations of what democracy means. The report presents a tentative stakeholder map for the project in the form of a power-interest grid. Reflections on photo walks/interviews with citizens are presented in concise and diverse forms that invite to interpretation, understanding and experience of being there.
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| 7. |
- Argento, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen participation in climate smart urban development : Part 2
- 2023
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the fnal results of our engagement in the research project Climate-Smart Näsby. Our involvement from January to December 2022 was aimed to explore how the Municipality of Kristianstad (Sweden) engages with citizens in urban planning related initiatives and identify different forms of participation possibilities. The results of such exploration led to the recognition of both the value and the diffculties of establishing fruitful forms of dialogue. One diffculty is engaging citizens at the early stages of an urban (re)building process, especially when sustainability concerns are at stake. In addition, it is diffcult to ensure that citizens remain anchored to the whole process, which usually takes a long time to be completed. The risk is that participation and dialogue remain fragmented over time, with different citizens being active in different stages of an urban planning process. This report presents a tentative model that facilitates the creation of platforms for site specifc active citizen dialogue (In Swedish: platsbunden aktiv opinions-bildning) to alleviate identifed diffculties. A selection of vignettes and photos, resulting from our feldwork and displayed in various exhibitions, is included in the report to give the reader a sense of the studied site (Näsby, Kristianstad) and the citizens living there.
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| 8. |
- Argento, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
-
Facing Climate Change Challenges through Sustainable City Co-creation
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To alleviate problems generated by climate change, cities cannot act alone but need to collaborate with multiple stakeholders including industry, non-profit sector, academia and, not the least, citizens whose behavior can make an impact on the territory. The aim of this paper is to enlighten how the city can engage stakeholders – especially citizens – in decision making processes of sustainable urban development. While organizations can have financial or other interests to engage with sustainable urban development which entails (re)building processes able to affect the mobility and livability of cities, citizens might not see an immediate need to participate in the making and re-making of the city, neglecting their potential contribution to intergenerational equity. While rebuilding cities, it becomes paramount to think of how it can become an attractive place where people want to live, work and visit. City managers and decision makers seek ways to enable citizens’ attachment to the sustainable development plans at stake. Pursuing sustainable development requires the management of financial constraints as well as considerations of environmental and social issues. By adopting a case study approach with empirical focus on the Näsby district of Kristianstad City (Scania Region, South of Sweden), we investigate how a mid-sized city experiments with citizen engagement initiatives in the spirit of co-creation. The results show that simultaneously pursuing attractiveness and attachment, what we call attra-chment, requires both regulated and spontaneous initiatives to foster continued co-creation
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Chen, H.Y., et al.
(författare)
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Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 44:21, s. 1927-1939
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS. Methods and results A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10−8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2–SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–1.35; P = 2.7 × 10−51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37; P = 1.4 × 10−3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90–5.12; P = 2.1 × 10−20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17–1.23; P = 4.8 × 10−73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.9; P = 1.9 × 10−12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS. Conclusion Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
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| 12. |
- Christensen, Gustav Boelsgaard, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical performance of a novel hyperspectral imaging device for cutaneous melanoma and pigmented skin lesions in Caucasian skin
- 2021
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Ingår i: Skin Research and Technology. - : Wiley. - 0909-752X .- 1600-0846.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The quest for diagnostic tools for the detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma (cMM) is ongoing. A challenge in cMM care is not overlooking cMM at an early stage, while simultaneously avoiding unnecessary biopsies or excisions of benign pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). A novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) device is shown to have potential for differentiating equivocal PSLs in Asian skin types. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of the HSI device in distinguishing between cMM and benign PSLs in patients with Caucasian skin types. Methods: Patients with Caucasian skin types (Fitzpatrick I-II), enrolled for excisional biopsies of PSLs were included and examined using the HSI device. The discrimination index (DI) was used to demonstrate the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) in comparison with the re-evaluated histopathology diagnoses. Results: In 186 patients, 202 pigmented skin lesions were included. The sensitivity to detect cMM was 96.7% (87/90), and the specificity for benign lesions was 42.1% (45/107). The AUC was 0.800 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.740-0.861). Conclusions: Our novel HSI device showed a high sensitivity in detecting malignant lesions in patients with Caucasian skin types. Compared with analogous technologies, as multispectral imaging or electrical impedance spectroscopy, our device showed similar or better accuracy in differentiating cMM from benign PSLs. Therefore, it might be a useful clinical tool in skin types I-IV and where further triage of pigmented skin lesions is important.
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| 13. |
- Christensen, Gustav Boelsgaard, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical performance of a novel hyperspectral imaging device for cutaneous melanoma and pigmented skin lesions in Caucasian skin.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1600-0846. ; 27:5, s. 803-809
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quest for diagnostic tools for the detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma (cMM) is ongoing. A challenge in cMM care is not overlooking cMM at an early stage, while simultaneously avoiding unnecessary biopsies or excisions of benign pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). A novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) device is shown to have potential for differentiating equivocal PSLs in Asian skin types. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of the HSI device in distinguishing between cMM and benign PSLs in patients with Caucasian skin types.Patients with Caucasian skin types (Fitzpatrick I-II), enrolled for excisional biopsies of PSLs were included and examined using the HSI device. The discrimination index (DI) was used to demonstrate the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) in comparison with the re-evaluated histopathology diagnoses.In 186 patients, 202 pigmented skin lesions were included. The sensitivity to detect cMM was 96.7% (87/90), and the specificity for benign lesions was 42.1% (45/107). The AUC was 0.800 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.740-0.861).Our novel HSI device showed a high sensitivity in detecting malignant lesions in patients with Caucasian skin types. Compared with analogous technologies, as multispectral imaging or electrical impedance spectroscopy, our device showed similar or better accuracy in differentiating cMM from benign PSLs. Therefore, it might be a useful clinical tool in skin types I-IV and where further triage of pigmented skin lesions is important.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of pre-eclampsia after gastric bypass : a matched cohort study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 129:3, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether gastric bypass before pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia.DESIGN: Nationwide matched cohort study.SETTING: Swedish national health care.POPULATION: =2766:2766) on pre-surgery/early-pregnancy BMI, diabetes status (pre-surgery/pre-conception), maternal age, early-pregnancy smoking status, educational level, height, country of birth, delivery year and history of preeclampsia.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preeclampsia categorised into any, preterm onset (<37+0 weeks), and term onset (≥37+0 weeks).RESULTS: (39kg). Post-gastric bypass pregnancies had lower risk of preeclampsia compared to pre-surgery BMI-matched controls (1.7 vs. 9.7 per 100 pregnancies; hazard ratio [HR] 0.21, 95%CI 0.15-0.28) and early-pregnancy BMI-matched controls (1.9 vs. 5.0 per 100 pregnancies; HR 0.44, 95%CI 0.33-0.60). Although relative risks for preeclampsia for post-gastric bypass pregnancies vs. pre-surgery matched controls was similar, absolute risk differences were significantly greater for nulliparous (RD -13.6 per 100 pregnancies, 95%CI -16.1 to -11.2) vs. parous women (RD -4.4 per 100 pregnancies, 95%CI -5.7 to -3.1).CONCLUSION: We found that gastric bypass was associated with lower risk of preeclampsia, with the largest absolute risk reduction among nulliparous women.
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Michael, et al.
(creator_code:cre_t)
-
Att vandra med andra : Fotoböcker Gamlegården
- 2023
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Konstnärligt arbete (refereegranskat)abstract
- Städer växer snabbt och en sådan tillväxt kräver att beslutsfattare och chefer fattar kloka beslut om tex markanvändning, transportsystem och rumslig layout. När städer växer och byggs om, blir det lika viktigt att minimera negativ miljöpåverkan som att säkerställa goda boendemöjligheter och jämlikhet för människor i staden. Denna typ av utmanande krav kan inte kommuner hantera enbart inom sin interna organisations. Intressenter och medborgares deltagande i beslutsfattande och förbättring av utformning och leverans av offentliga tjänster blir nödvändig. Med ökad urbanisering engagerar alltfler stadsstyrelser hållbara utvecklingsprojekt som syftar till att skapa urbana rum där välbefinnande främjas genom nya former av styrning och större ekonomisk, social och miljömässig hållbarhet. Detta gäller också Kristianstads kommun (region Skåne, Sverige) som initierade projektet “Klimatsmart Näsby”. Projektet sträckte sig över 2 och ett halvt år (från 1 januari 2021 till 28 februari 2023). Projektet bedrevs i ett samarbetsformat mellan Kristianstads kommun, Krinova Science & Incubator Park och Högskolan Kristianstad. Projektet finansieras av EU:s regionala utvecklingsfond och de tre partnerna. Där vi från HKR som presenterar denna utställning hade rollen att utforska hur medborgare kan involveras i denna typ av förändringsarbete. Att "vandra med andra" blev vår bärande designmetod för att inkludera det sociala ur ett medborgarperspektiv utifrån den situation som råder specifikt i Näsby och Gamlegården i Kristianstad - vilket också utställningen är ämnad att spegla.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Walking with others
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urgency of tackling climate change has never been greater. The EU-funded project Climate Smart Näsby aimed to reduce urban climate impact and at the same time enhance social sustainability in an immigrant-dense, socioeconomically challenged area. The project took place in Vattenriket Kristianstad, Sweden's lowest ground point and oldest UNESCO biosphere reserve. The municipality wanted to stimulate engagement in climate smart developments. Involving stakeholders and residents in immigrant-heavy and underprivileged neighborhoods calls for understanding and adaptation. The citizens' understanding of climate issues was unclear, as was also how to get access to their true views on involvement in climate issues. The municipaliti's previous attempts based on advertised visits with interviews on-site had not produced the results hoped for. We designed and tried out the participatory design method "Walking with Others". The method was designed to engage with residents and stakeholders in an non-intrusive manner, whilst also helping them to recall local memories related to the space of interest. The method's core principles emphasize personal interactions, emotional insights, and a focus on the community's unique characteristics. Through guided walks, we gained insights into the hopes, fears, and diverse narratives of the residents, allowing them to participate actively in shaping sustainable future solutions. The results were captured in a series of both physical and digital photo albums. The paper presents experiences of applying the method and discusses its shortcomings and strengths. The method has potential to be a valuable tool for localized, emotionally resonant interventions in addressing broader societal challenges.
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Policy-making for the diffusion of social innovations : the case of the Barnahus model in the Nordic region and the broader European context
- 2020
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Ingår i: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-1610 .- 1469-8412. ; 33:1, s. 4-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Barnahus model was launched in Iceland in 1998, and it subsequently spread to all the Nordic countries. It is an interagency, co-located model for working with cases of violence and abuse against children that addresses two vital concerns of welfare societies: to process cases through the legal system and to offer support and treatment to victims. The model is currently recommended as a best-practice model on the European level – and understood as representing a radical change in the organisational setup related to such cases. This paper analyses the diffusion and implementation of the model in two different contexts: the Nordic region and the wider European arena, where the model is currently promoted as an important innovation. Drawing on the concept of social innovation, we explore the structural and contextual conditions for the diffusion of the model and discuss its role in the ongoing transformation of welfare societies’ response to children exposed to violence and abuse. We identify the policy-making means by which the model is promoted today and conclude that it can lead to manifold institutional changes, both radical and incremental, and both desired and undesired, depending on how the original idea is translated and adapted in different contexts.
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| 20. |
-
Justice and recovery for victimised children : Institutional tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus models
- 2024
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This open access book contributes to ongoing discussions about how societies should respond to children who have experienced violence and abuse by delving into the Barnahus model: a multidisciplinary and co-located model whose aim is to provide both justice and recovery to victimised children. The promising model was first implemented in the Nordic region and is currently being diffused across Europe, although scientific knowledge about the model remains scarce: the Barnahus model’s potential for delivering holistic services, the various tensions and dilemmas involved in the model, and how dual mandate of Barnahus can be managed all require further research. Continuing from the volume Collaborating Against Child Abuse (2017) which examined the process of Barnahus’ diffusion in the Nordic countries, the current book digs deeper into the intrinsic institutional tensions of the model, as well as those that might arise during collaboration, in order to advance our understanding of what can be achieved through the model and thus improve the situation of child victims of violence and abuse. An institutional perspective is used in the book which is structured in four parts. The first three parts explore different types of institutional tensions –legal, organisational, and professional-ethical, while the fourth focuses on how these tensions may be balanced. The book’s authors chart this new phase in the diffusion and translation of the Barnahus model. Their analyses will provide valuable guidance to countries that are currently considering or are already implementing the model.
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| 21. |
- Kari, OK, et al.
(författare)
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Light-Activated Liposomes Coated with Hyaluronic Acid as a Potential Drug Delivery System
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4923. ; 12:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-activated liposomes permit site and time-specific drug delivery to ocular and systemic targets. We combined a light activation technology based on indocyanine green with a hyaluronic acid (HA) coating by synthesizing HA–lipid conjugates. HA is an endogenous vitreal polysaccharide and a potential targeting moiety to cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)-expressing cells. Light-activated drug release from 100 nm HA-coated liposomes was functional in buffer, plasma, and vitreous samples. The HA-coating improved stability in plasma compared to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated liposomes. Liposomal protein coronas on HA- and PEG-coated liposomes after dynamic exposure to undiluted human plasma and porcine vitreous samples were hydrophilic and negatively charged, thicker in plasma (~5 nm hard, ~10 nm soft coronas) than in vitreous (~2 nm hard, ~3 nm soft coronas) samples. Their compositions were dependent on liposome formulation and surface charge in plasma but not in vitreous samples. Compared to the PEG coating, the HA-coated liposomes bound more proteins in vitreous samples and enriched proteins related to collagen interactions, possibly explaining their slightly reduced vitreal mobility. The properties of the most abundant proteins did not correlate with liposome size or charge, but included proteins with surfactant and immune system functions in plasma and vitreous samples. The HA-coated light-activated liposomes are a functional and promising alternative for intravenous and ocular drug delivery.
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| 22. |
- Kvalvik, Liv Grimstvedt, et al.
(författare)
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Association of sweetened carbonated beverage consumption during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms in the offspring : a study from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 61:4, s. 2153-2166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Intrauterine exposures influence offspring health and development. Here we investigated maternal intake of sweetened carbonated beverages (SCB) during pregnancy and its association with ADHD symptoms in the offspring.METHODS: This study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Maternal diet mid-pregnancy was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All mothers who responded to the FFQ and a questionnaire when their child was 8 years of age were included (n = 39,870). The exposure was defined as maternal intake (daily servings) of SCB, using no daily intake as reference. Outcome was offspring ADHD symptoms, evaluated as a continuous standardized ADHD score and as a binary outcome of six or more ADHD symptoms vs. five symptoms or less. Associations were analysed using log-binomial regression and linear mixed regression models with adjustment for covariates.RESULTS: The adjusted regression coefficients for the standardized ADHD offspring symptom score were 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (0.001, 0.62)] and 0.46 (0.15, 0.77) for maternal daily intake of ≥ 1 glasses of SCB, when the models included adjustments for total energy intake or energy intake from other sources than SCBs and sweet drinks, respectively. The corresponding adjusted relative risks were 1.16 (1.004, 1.34) and 1.21. (1.05, 1.39) for drinking ≥ 1 glasses daily.CONCLUSION: In a large pregnancy cohort with offspring followed until 8 years of age, we found an association between maternal daily intake of SCB and offspring ADHD symptoms. These results suggest a weak positive relationship between prenatal exposure to SCB and offspring ADHD.
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| 23. |
- Lovaas, Kari
(författare)
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Be for meg også : Om forkrøpling og lengsel etter forløsning i moderne litteratur og poetikk
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the biblical narrative of the Fall, and more specifically the predicament of creatureliness (connoting innocence as well as depravation), can be traced as a cryptotheological motif within widely dissimilar modernist poetics and literary strategies. Postsecular theory and the return to the apostle Paul in recent political theology provide the backdrop for the seemingly disparate approaches of my case studies. Their common theme may be spelled out as the “groaning of creation” and its call for possibly redemptive responses of literature and language. In the first case study, I argue that the postwar poet Paul Celan, influenced as he may be by the condemnation of informational, “fallen” language in the thinking of Martin Heidegger and Walter Benjamin, reformulates the task of the poet into one of witnessing from within fallen language on behalf of fallen creatures. In the second case study, I compare two novels by the contemporary Norwegian authors Hanne Ørstavik and Kristine Næss, both of them dealing with a crisis of authorial legitimacy. Applying a psychoanalytic perspective, I suggest that whereas Ørstavik’s protagonist seems to suffer from a rigid fixation with a certain calling as mediated by the “paternal function”, Næss’ protagonist suffers from the lack of any such call. In the third case study, I discuss how the spirit of revenge animating the protagonist of Knut Hamsun’s debut novel Hunger (1890), is performatively deactivated. Through a complex series of negotiations on dignity, the sovereign power over “bare life” is transposed into a comic register. The notion of deactivation also plays a decisive role in Giorgio Agamben’s interpretation of Pauline messianism. In the fourth case study, I compare Agamben’s reading of Paul’s “now-time” with the Swedish author Lars Ahlin’s take on the same motif. I argue that while Agamben envisions the messianic calling simply as a deactivation of every calling, Ahlin inscribes it into the ethical relation to the neighbor. Following Walter Benjamin, this thesis outlines two distinct though interconnected visions of redemption: “profanation” on the one hand, releasing the creature from “mythical guilt”, manifested on various levels as the compulsion to repeat; and “remembrance” on the other hand, manifested as a receptivity for the unfinished, failed and thwarted in collective or personal history, demanding correction and fulfillment.
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| 24. |
- Morseth, Bente, et al.
(författare)
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Age-specific atrial fibrillation incidence, attributable risk factors and risk of stroke and mortality : Results from the MORGAM Consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Open heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2053-3624. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The main aim was to examine age-specific risk factor associations with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and their attributable fraction in a large European cohort. Additionally, we aimed to examine risk of stroke and mortality in relation to new-onset AF across age.Methods We used individual-level data (n=66 951, 49.1% men, age range 40-98 years at baseline) from five European cohorts of the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph Consortium. The participants were followed for incident AF for up to 10 years and the association with modifiable risk factors from the baseline examinations (body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, daily smoking, alcohol consumption and history of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI)) was examined. Additionally, the participants were followed up for incident stroke and all-cause mortality after new-onset AF.Results AF incidence increased from 0.9 per 1000 person-years at baseline age 40-49 years, to 17.7 at baseline age ≥70 years. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models showed that higher BMI, hypertension, high alcohol consumption and a history of stroke or MI were associated with increased risk of AF across age groups (p<0.05). Between 30% and 40% of the AF risk could be attributed to BMI, hypertension and a history of stroke or MI. New-onset AF was associated with a twofold increase in risk of stroke and death at ages≥70 years (p≤0.001).Conclusion In this large European cohort aged 40 years and above, risk of AF was largely attributed to BMI, high alcohol consumption and a history MI or stroke from middle age. Thus, preventive measures for AF should target risk factors such as obesity and hypertension from early age and continue throughout life.
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| 25. |
- Ponnert, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulated Silence When “Passing the Buck” : Organisational Tensions in Child Welfare Investigations.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Justice and Recovery for Victimised Children : Institutional Tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus Models - Institutional Tensions in Nordic and European Barnahus Models. - 9783031532320 - 9783031532337 ; , s. 113-139
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden’s child welfare services are characterised by intra-organisational specialisation and collaboration with Barnahus as a standard procedure in cases of child abuse. This chapter examines what happens with social workers’ risk assessments when they are both filtered internally at different units and in relation to Barnahus and a criminal law-oriented logic. Various organisational tensions are discussed, and how they might affect child welfare investigations and practice related to suspected violence. When children disclose violence, the concept of “accumulated silence” is applied to illustrate the multi-layered juridification process, where cases are often passed on between units and professionals. The analysis is based on interviews with social workers from different municipalities in Sweden.
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| 26. |
- Rönkkö, Kari, et al.
(creator_code:cre_t)
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Att vandra med andra - Digital platsbunden utställning Stadshuset
- 2023
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Konstnärligt arbete (refereegranskat)abstract
- Städer växer snabbt och en sådan tillväxt kräver att beslutsfattare och chefer fattar kloka beslut om tex markanvändning, transportsystem och rumslig layout. När städer växer och byggs om, blir det lika viktigt att minimera negativ miljöpåverkan som att säkerställa goda boendemöjligheter och jämlikhet för människor i staden. Denna typ av utmanande krav kan inte kommuner hantera enbart inom sin interna organisations. Intressenter och medborgares deltagande i beslutsfattande och förbättring av utformning och leverans av offentliga tjänster blir nödvändig. Med ökad urbanisering engagerar alltfler stadsstyrelser hållbara utvecklingsprojekt som syftar till att skapa urbana rum där välbefinnande främjas genom nya former av styrning och större ekonomisk, social och miljömässig hållbarhet. Detta gäller också Kristianstads kommun (region Skåne, Sverige) som initierade projektet “Klimatsmart Näsby”. Projektet sträckte sig över 2 och ett halvt år (från 1 januari 2021 till 28 februari 2023). Projektet bedrevs i ett samarbetsformat mellan Kristianstads kommun, Krinova Science & Incubator Park och Högskolan Kristianstad. Projektet finansieras av EU:s regionala utvecklingsfond och de tre partnerna. Där vi från HKR som presenterar denna utställning hade rollen att utforska hur medborgare kan involveras i denna typ av förändringsarbete. Att "vandra med andra" blev vår bärande designmetod för att inkludera det sociala ur ett medborgarperspektiv utifrån den situation som råder specifikt i Näsby och Gamlegården i Kristianstad - vilket också utställningen är ämnad att spegla.
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| 27. |
- Sanna, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor genetic heterogeneity analysis of chronic sun-damaged melanoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. - : Wiley. - 1755-148X .- 1755-1471. ; 33:3, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic sun-damaged (CSD) melanoma represents 10%-20% of cutaneous melanomas and is characterized by infrequent BRAF V600E mutations and high mutational load. However, the order of genetic events or the extent of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in CSDhigh melanoma is still unknown. Ultra-deep targeted sequencing of 40 cancer-associated genes was performed in 72 in situ or invasive CMM, including 23 CSDhigh cases. In addition, we performed whole exome and RNA sequencing on multiple regions of primary tumor and multiple in-transit metastases from one CSDhigh melanoma patient. We found no significant difference in mutation frequency in melanoma-related genes or in mutational load between in situ and invasive CSDhigh lesions, while this difference was observed in CSDlow lesions. In addition, increased frequency of BRAF V600K, NF1, and TP53 mutations (p < .01, Fisher's exact test) was found in CSDhigh melanomas. Sequencing of multiple specimens from one CSDhigh patient revealed strikingly limited ITH with >95% shared mutations. Our results provide evidence that CSDhigh and CSDlow melanomas are distinct molecular entities that progress via different genetic routes.
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| 28. |
- Sanna, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor genetic heterogeneity analysis of chronic sun-damaged melanoma.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pigment cell & melanoma research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1755-148X. ; 33:3, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic sun-damaged (CSD) melanoma represents 10%-20% of cutaneous melanomas and is characterized by infrequent BRAF V600E mutations and high mutational load. However, the order of genetic events or the extent of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) in CSDhigh melanoma is still unknown. Ultra-deep targeted sequencing of 40 cancer-associated genes was performed in 72 in situ or invasive CMM, including 23 CSDhigh cases. In addition, we performed whole exome and RNA sequencing on multiple regions of primary tumor and multiple in-transit metastases from one CSDhigh melanoma patient. We found no significant difference in mutation frequency in melanoma-related genes or in mutational load between in situ and invasive CSDhigh lesions, while this difference was observed in CSDlow lesions. In addition, increased frequency of BRAF V600K, NF1, and TP53 mutations (p < .01, Fisher's exact test) was found in CSDhigh melanomas. Sequencing of multiple specimens from one CSDhigh patient revealed strikingly limited ITH with >95% shared mutations. Our results provide evidence that CSDhigh and CSDlow melanomas are distinct molecular entities that progress via different genetic routes.
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| 29. |
- Solberg, Berit Skretting, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal fiber intake during pregnancy and development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Across Childhood : The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:9, s. 839-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest that the maternal diet quality during pregnancy may influence the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Here we investigated the associations between maternal intake of dietary fiber and ADHD symptoms in early childhood.METHODS: We used longitudinal data of up to 21,852 mother-father-child trios (49.2% females) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. The relationships between maternal fiber intake during pregnancy and offspring ADHD symptoms at ages three, five, and eight years were examined using: a) multivariate regression (overall levels of ADHD symptoms), b) latent class analysis (subclasses of ADHD symptoms by sex at each age), and c) latent growth curves (longitudinal change in offspring ADHD symptoms). Covariates were ADHD polygenic scores in child and parents, total energy intake and energy-adjusted sugar intake, parental ages at birth of the child, and socio-demographic factors.RESULTS: a) Higher maternal prenatal fiber intake was associated with lower offspring ADHD symptom scores at all examined ages (βage3=-0.14(95%CI -0.18, -0.10); βage5=-0.14(-0.19, -0.09); βage8=-0.14(-0.20, -0.09)). b) Of the derived low/middle/high subclasses of ADHD symptoms, fiber was associated with lower risk of belonging to middle subclass for boys and girls, and to high subclass for girls only (middle: ORboys 0.91(0.86-0.97)/ORgirls 0.86 (0.81-0.91); high ORgirls 0.82 (0.72-0.94)). c) Maternal fiber intake and rate of change in child ADHD symptoms across ages were not associated.CONCLUSIONS: A low prenatal maternal fiber intake may increase symptom levels of ADHD in childhood, independently of genetic predisposition to ADHD, unhealthy dietary exposures, and socio-demographic factors.
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| 30. |
- Sonderby, Ida E., et al.
(författare)
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Dose response of the 16p11.2 distal copy number variant on intracranial volume and basal ganglia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:3, s. 584-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carriers of large recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The 16p11.2 distal CNV predisposes carriers to e.g., autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We compared subcortical brain volumes of 12 16p11.2 distal deletion and 12 duplication carriers to 6882 non-carriers from the large-scale brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging collaboration, ENIGMA-CNV. After stringent CNV calling procedures, and standardized FreeSurfer image analysis, we found negative dose-response associations with copy number on intracranial volume and on regional caudate, pallidum and putamen volumes (β = −0.71 to −1.37; P < 0.0005). In an independent sample, consistent results were obtained, with significant effects in the pallidum (β = −0.95, P = 0.0042). The two data sets combined showed significant negative dose-response for the accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and ICV (P = 0.0032, 8.9 × 10−6, 1.7 × 10−9, 3.5 × 10−12 and 1.0 × 10−4, respectively). Full scale IQ was lower in both deletion and duplication carriers compared to non-carriers. This is the first brain MRI study of the impact of the 16p11.2 distal CNV, and we demonstrate a specific effect on subcortical brain structures, suggesting a neuropathological pattern underlying the neurodevelopmental syndromes.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Sønderby, Ida E., et al.
(författare)
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1q21.1 distal copy number variants are associated with cerebral and cognitive alterations in humans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2158-3188. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-frequency 1q21.1 distal deletion and duplication copy number variant (CNV) carriers are predisposed to multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. Human carriers display a high prevalence of micro- and macrocephaly in deletion and duplication carriers, respectively. The underlying brain structural diversity remains largely unknown. We systematically called CNVs in 38 cohorts from the large-scale ENIGMA-CNV collaboration and the UK Biobank and identified 28 1q21.1 distal deletion and 22 duplication carriers and 37,088 non-carriers (48% male) derived from 15 distinct magnetic resonance imaging scanner sites. With standardized methods, we compared subcortical and cortical brain measures (all) and cognitive performance (UK Biobank only) between carrier groups also testing for mediation of brain structure on cognition. We identified positive dosage effects of copy number on intracranial volume (ICV) and total cortical surface area, with the largest effects in frontal and cingulate cortices, and negative dosage effects on caudate and hippocampal volumes. The carriers displayed distinct cognitive deficit profiles in cognitive tasks from the UK Biobank with intermediate decreases in duplication carriers and somewhat larger in deletion carriers-the latter potentially mediated by ICV or cortical surface area. These results shed light on pathobiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders, by demonstrating gene dose effect on specific brain structures and effect on cognitive function.
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| 33. |
- van de Vegte, Yordi, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetics and clinical consequences of resting heart rate (RHR) remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors discover new genetic variants associated with RHR and find that higher genetically predicted RHR decreases risk of atrial fibrillation and ischemic stroke. Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
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| 34. |
- van der Meer, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Copy Number Variation of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Region With Cortical and Subcortical Morphology and Cognition
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 77:4, s. 420-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Recurrent microdeletions and duplications in the genomic region 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 (BP1) and 2 (BP2) are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. These structural variants are present in 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, making 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 the site of the most prevalent known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV). It is unknown to what extent this CNV influences brain structure and affects cognitive abilities.Objective: To determine the association of the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion and duplication CNVs with cortical and subcortical brain morphology and cognitive task performance.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this genetic association study, T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were combined with genetic data from the ENIGMA-CNV consortium and the UK Biobank, with a replication cohort from Iceland. In total, 203 deletion carriers, 45 247 noncarriers, and 306 duplication carriers were included. Data were collected from August 2015 to April 2019, and data were analyzed from September 2018 to September 2019.Main Outcomes and Measures: The associations of the CNV with global and regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness as well as subcortical volumes were investigated, correcting for age, age2, sex, scanner, and intracranial volume. Additionally, measures of cognitive ability were analyzed in the full UK Biobank cohort.Results: Of 45 756 included individuals, the mean (SD) age was 55.8 (18.3) years, and 23 754 (51.9%) were female. Compared with noncarriers, deletion carriers had a lower surface area (Cohen d = -0.41; SE, 0.08; P = 4.9 × 10-8), thicker cortex (Cohen d = 0.36; SE, 0.07; P = 1.3 × 10-7), and a smaller nucleus accumbens (Cohen d = -0.27; SE, 0.07; P = 7.3 × 10-5). There was also a significant negative dose response on cortical thickness (β = -0.24; SE, 0.05; P = 6.8 × 10-7). Regional cortical analyses showed a localization of the effects to the frontal, cingulate, and parietal lobes. Further, cognitive ability was lower for deletion carriers compared with noncarriers on 5 of 7 tasks.Conclusions and Relevance: These findings, from the largest CNV neuroimaging study to date, provide evidence that 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 structural variation is associated with brain morphology and cognition, with deletion carriers being particularly affected. The pattern of results fits with known molecular functions of genes in the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region and suggests involvement of these genes in neuronal plasticity. These neurobiological effects likely contribute to the association of this CNV with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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| 35. |
- Xu, Huiling, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy Weight Gain After Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy
- 2023
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Ingår i: JAMA Network Open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE: Pregnancy weight gain may affect the association of bariatric surgery with postsurgery pregnancy outcomes. However, the association of pregnancy weight gain with bariatric surgery is unclear.OBJECTIVE: To compare pregnancy weight gain among women with a history of bariatric surgery vs those without and to investigate whether pregnancy weight gain differs by surgical procedure, surgery-to-conception interval, and/or surgery-to-conception weight loss.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide, population-based matched cohort study was conducted in Sweden from 2014 to 2021. Singleton pregnancies with a history of bariatric surgery were propensity score matched (1:1) to pregnancies without such a history according to early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), prepregnancy diabetes, prepregnancy hypertension, maternal age, smoking status, education level, height, country of birth, and delivery year. In addition, post-gastric bypass pregnancies were matched to post-sleeve gastrectomy pregnancies using the same matching strategy. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to May 2023. EXPOSURE: History of bariatric surgery.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Pregnancy weight gain was standardized by gestational age into early-pregnancy BMI-specific z scores.RESULTS: This study included 12 776 pregnancies, of which 6388 had a history of bariatric surgery and 6388 were matched controls. The mean (SD) age was 31.6 (4.9) years for the surgery group and 31.4 (5.2) for the matched controls, with an early-pregnancy mean (SD) BMI of 29.4 (5.2) in both groups. Across all early-pregnancy BMI strata, women with a history of bariatric surgery had lower pregnancy weight gain than matched controls. The differences in pregnancy weight gain z score values between the 2 groups were -0.33 (95% CI, -0.43 to -0.23) for normal weight, -0.33 (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.27) for overweight, -0.21 (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.13) for obese class I, -0.16 (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.03) for obese class II, and -0.08 (95% CI, -0.28 to 0.13) for obese class III. Pregnancy weight gain did not differ by surgical procedure. A shorter surgery-to-conception interval (particularly within 1 year) or lower surgery-to-conception weight loss was associated with lower pregnancy weight gain.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this nationwide matched cohort study, women with a history of bariatric surgery had lower pregnancy weight gain than matched controls with similar early-pregnancy characteristics. Pregnancy weight gain was lower in those with a shorter surgery-to-conception interval or lower surgery-to-conception weight loss, but did not differ by surgical procedure.
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| 36. |
- Åberg, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from formative learning assessment supported by digital tools
- 2020
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Ingår i: EDULEARN20 Proceedings. - 9788409179794 ; , s. 3161-3171
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning assessment constitutes an essential pedagogical ability in a teacher’s toolbox in order to further student learning and development and to adapt teaching to the needs of the students. To enable this, learning outcomes and grading criteria are used in the formative assessment of students’ performance to support the learning process, as well as in the summative assessment of the actual outcome for grading. Learning outcomes may be represented in various forms, typically scoring rubrics. Current research literature discusses the positive and negative merits of criterion-based scoring rubrics versus holistic assessment. There is also the matter of grading reliability among teachers and a shared understanding of student performance among teachers and students. Digitalization has become an essential part of higher education and distance learning, especially so in our field of digital design. A relevant issue in this context is how digital solutions may enhance formative learning assessment in particular. As is common practice within our field, within the study we designed, developed, and experimented with a digital tool in the form of a visual radar chart representation. The radar chart was based both on work done by teachers and a student thesis work and was used in several courses for teacher assessment as well as self- and peer assessment by students. This work provided the opportunity for reflection as well as analytical assessment, which in turn had the potential in guiding teachers to critically question and discuss the intended learning outcomes and grading criteria. The study has resulted in a variety of identified problems, reflections, and insights that teachers are continuously confronted with, but not necessarily always conscious about when using intended learning outcomes as a basis for communicating formative assessments to students. By visually and holistically communicating students’ strengths and areas for development over time, we found the potential to increase students’ shared awareness of their learning progress and also further the development of curricula. The study has implications for teacher and student awareness of student performance and learning, curriculum development, and digital assessment tools.
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| 37. |
- Åberg, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences from formative learning assessment supported by digital tools
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning assessment constitutes an essential pedagogical ability in a teacher’s toolbox in order to further student learning and development and to adapt teaching to the needs of the students. To enable this, learning outcomes and grading criteria are used in the formative assessment of students’ performance to support the learning process, as well as in the summative assessment of the actual outcome for grading. Learning outcomes may be represented in various forms, typically scoring rubrics. Current research literature discusses the positive and negative merits of criterion-based scoring rubrics versus holistic assessment. There is also the matter of grading reliability among teachers and a shared understanding of student performance among teachers and students. Digitalization has become an essential part of higher education and distance learning, especially so in our field of digital design. A relevant issue in this context is how digital solutions may enhance formative learning assessment in particular. As is common practice within our field, within the study we designed, developed, and experimented with a digital tool in the form of a visual radar chart representation. The radar chart was based both on work done by teachers and a student thesis work and was used in several courses for teacher assessment as well as self- and peer assessment by students. This work provided the opportunity for reflection as well as analytical assessment, which in turn had the potential in guiding teachers to critically question and discuss the intended learning outcomes and grading criteria. The study has resulted in a variety of identified problems, reflections, and insights that teachers are continuously confronted with, but not necessarily always conscious about when using intended learning outcomes as a basis for communicating formative assessments to students. By visually and holistically communicating students’ strengths and areas for development over time, we found the potential to increase students’ shared awareness of their learning progress and also further the development of curricula. The study has implications for teacher and student awareness of student performance and learning, curriculum development, and digital assessment tools.
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| 38. |
- Ängeby, Karin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor unit culture and attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth—The Swedish version of the labor culture survey (S‐LCS)—Psychometric properties
- 2024
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Ingår i: Birth. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0730-7659 .- 1523-536X. ; 51:1, s. 163-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners’ attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners.MethodsA cross-sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context-specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S-LCS.ResultsA total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S-LCS showed a five-factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians.ConclusionsThe S-LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency.
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