SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Johansson Louise) srt2:(2010-2014)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Johansson Louise) > (2010-2014)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 101
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Egeblad, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Structural and functional studies of the human phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 277:23, s. 4920-30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleoside monophosphates. Human HPRT deficiency as a result of genetic mutations is linked to both Lesch-Nyhan disease and gout. In the present study, we have characterized phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1), a human HPRT homolog of unknown function. The PRTFDC1 structure has been determined at 1.7 Å resolution with bound GMP. The overall structure and GMP binding mode are very similar to that observed for HPRT. Using a thermal-melt assay, a nucleotide metabolome library was screened against PRTFDC1 and revealed that hypoxanthine and guanine specifically interacted with the enzyme. It was subsequently confirmed that PRTFDC1 could convert these two bases into their corresponding nucleoside monophosphate. However, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine was only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of that of HPRT. This low activity could be explained by the fact that PRTFDC1 has a Gly in the position of the proposed catalytic Asp of HPRT. In PRTFDC1, a water molecule at the position of the aspartic acid side chain position in HPRT might be responsible for the low activity observed by acting as a weak base. The data obtained in the present study indicate that PRTFDC1 does not have a direct catalytic role in the nucleotide salvage pathway.
  •  
2.
  • Johansson, Susanne E, et al. (författare)
  • Accumulation and activation of natural killer cells in local intraperitoneal HIV-1/MuLV infection results in early control of virus infected cells
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cellular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8749 .- 1090-2163. ; 272:1, s. 71-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors in resistance to viral infections. The role of NK cells in the acute response to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected cells was investigated in a mouse model based on a HIV-1/murine leukemia virus (MuLV) pseudovirus. Splenocytes infected with HIV-1/MuLV were injected intraperitoneally and local immunologic responses and persistence of infected cells were investigated. In vivo depletion with an anti-NK1.1 antibody showed that NK cells are important in resistance to virus infected cells. Moreover, NK cell frequency in the peritoneal cavity increased in response to infected cells and these NK cells had a more mature phenotype, as determined by CD27 and Mac-1 expression. Interestingly, after injection of HIV-1/MuLV infected cells, but not MuLV infected cells, peritoneal NK cells had an increased cytotoxic activity.
  •  
3.
  • Johansson, Susanne E, et al. (författare)
  • NK cell activation by KIR-binding antibody 1-7F9 and response to HIV-infected autologous cells in viremic and controller HIV-infected patients
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 134:2, s. 158-168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Natural killer (NK) cells may be protective in HIV infection and are inhibited by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) interacting with MHC class I molecules, including HLA-C. Retention of HLA-C despite downregulation of other MHC class I molecules on HIV infected cells might protect infected cells from NK cell recognition in vitro. To assess the role of inhibitory HLA-C ligands in the capacity of NK cells to recognize autologous infected T cells, we measured NK cell degranulation in vitro in viremic patients, controllers with low viremia, and healthy donors. No difference in NK cell response to uninfected compared to HIV-1(IIIB) infected targets was observed. Activation of NK cells was regulated by KIRs, because NK cell degranulation was increased by 1-7F9, a human antibody that binds KIR2DL1/L2/L3 and KIR2DS1/S2, and this effect was most pronounced in KIR haplotype B individuals.
  •  
4.
  • Ahrné, Siv, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of lactobacilli on paracellular permeability in the gut.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 3:1, s. 104-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Paracellular permeability is determined by the complex structures of junctions that are located between the epithelial cells. Already in 1996, it was shown that the human probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and the rat-originating strain Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC could reduce this permeability in a methotrexate-induced colitis model in the rat. Subsequently, many animal models and cell culture systems have shown indications that lactobacilli are able to counteract increased paracellular permeability evoked by cytokines, chemicals, infections, or stress. There have been few human studies focusing on the effect of lactobacilli on intestinal paracellular permeability but recently it has been shown that they could influence the tight junctions. More precisely, short-term administration of L. plantarum WCSF1 to healthy volunteers increased the relocation of occludin and ZO-1 into the tight junction area between duodenal epithelial cells.
  •  
5.
  • Bennet, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • High prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iraqi and Swedish residents in a deprived Swedish neighbourhood - a population based study
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Immigrants from the Middle-East are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present survey was to measure, in a single deprived neighbourhood, the prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D in residents originating from Iraq and to compare them to those in residents born in Sweden. An additional aim was to identify metabolic, lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors associated with IFG/IGT and T2D in these residents. Methods: The study was conducted February 1'st to March 31'st 2010. Men and women aged 45 to 65 years of Swedish or Iraqi origin, living in the neighbourhood of Rosengard, Malmo, Sweden, were randomly selected from the census register. Each participant signed a written informed consent form, underwent a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), provided blood samples and filled in a questionnaire. A total of 175 subjects participated (Swedish origin n = 79, Iraqi origin n = 96), reflecting an overall response rate of almost 60%. Results: In total, 21.9% and 19.0% of the Iraqi and Swedish participants, respectively, suffered from T2D, while 24.0% of the Iraqi participants and 25.3% of the Swedish participants had IFG/IGT. There were no significant differences in prevalence rates relating to country of origin. Obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) and sedentary leisure time physical activity were highly prevalent in both groups, while a family history of diabetes was more prevalent in participants from Iraq (49.2%) than in those from Sweden (22.8%) (p = 0.001). Being obese or having a sedentary leisure time were, independently associated with T2D (OR 5.43 (95% CI 2.10-14.02) and 2.89 (95% CI 1.03-8.10) respectively), while economic difficulties were independently associated with IFG/IGT (OR 2.55 (95% CI 1.06-6.15)) after adjustment for the confounding effects of other common risk factors for T2D. Conclusions: This study reveals a high prevalence of T2D, independently of country of origin (Iraq or Sweden), in a socially vulnerable area and additionally presents a risk factor profile that is markedly different from that of Sweden in general.
  •  
6.
  • Benrick, Anna, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced insulin sensitivity and acute regulation of metabolic genes and signaling pathways after a single electrical or manual acupuncture session in female insulin-resistant rats.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 51:6, s. 963-972
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To compare the effect of a single session of acupuncture with either low-frequency electrical or manual stimulation on insulin sensitivity and molecular pathways in the insulin-resistant dihydrotestosterone-induced rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model. Both stimulations cause activation of afferent nerve fibers. In addition, electrical stimulation causes muscle contractions, enabling us to differentiate changes induced by activation of sensory afferents from contraction-induced changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Control and PCOS rats were divided into no-stimulation, manual-, and electrical stimulation groups and insulin sensitivity was measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Manually stimulated needles were rotated 180° ten times every 5 min, or low-frequency electrical stimulation was applied to evoke muscle twitches for 45 min. Gene and protein expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The glucose infusion rate (GIR) was lower in PCOS rats than in controls. Electrical stimulation was superior to manual stimulation during treatment but both methods increased GIR to the same extent in the post-stimulation period. Electrical stimulation decreased mRNA expression of Adipor2, Adrb1, Fndc5, Erk2, and Tfam in soleus muscle and increased ovarian Adrb2 and Pdf. Manual stimulation decreased ovarian mRNA expression of Erk2 and Sdnd. Electrical stimulation increased phosphorylated ERK levels in soleus muscle. CONCLUSIONS: One acupuncture session with electrical stimulation improves insulin sensitivity and modulates skeletal muscle gene and protein expression more than manual stimulation. Although electrical stimulation is superior to manual in enhancing insulin sensitivity during stimulation, they are equally effective after stimulation indicating that it is activation of sensory afferents rather than muscle contraction per se leading to the observed changes.
  •  
7.
  •  
8.
  • Brolen, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells specifically via definitive endoderm and a progenitor stage
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 145:3, s. 284-294
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human embryonic stem cells offer a potential unlimited supply for functional hepatocytes, since they can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells displaying a characteristic hepatic morphology and expressing various hepatic markers. These cells could be used in various applications such as studies of drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity, which however, would require a significant expression of drug metabolizing enzymes. To derive these cells we use a stepwise differentiation protocol where growth- and maturation factors are added. The first phase involves the formation of definitive endoderm. Next, these cells are treated with factors known to promote the induction and proliferation towards hepatic progenitor cell types. In the last phase the cells are terminally differentiated and maturated into functional hepatocyte-like cells. The cultures were characterized by analysis of endodermal or hepatic markers and compared to cultures derived without induction via definitive endoderm. Hepatic functions such as urea secretion, glycogen storage, indocyanine green uptake and secretion, and cytochrome P450-expression and activity were evaluated. The DE-Hep showed a hepatocyte morphology with sub-organized cells and exhibited many liver-functions including transporter activity and capacity to metabolize drugs specific for important cytochrome P450 sub-families. This represents an importantstep in differentiation of hESC into functional hepatocytes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
9.
  • Brzezinski, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Variable proton-pumping stoichiometry in structural variants of cytochrome c oxidase
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3002 .- 1878-2434 .- 0005-2728. ; 1797:6-7, s. 710-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cytochrome c oxidase is a multisubunit membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyzes oxidation of four molecules of cytochrome c2+ and reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The electrons are taken from one side of the membrane while the protons are taken from the other side. This topographical arrangement results in a charge separation that is equivalent to moving one positive charge across the membrane for each electron transferred to O2. In this reaction part of the free energy available from O2 reduction is conserved in the form of an electrochemical proton gradient. In addition, part of the free energy is used to pump on average one proton across the membrane per electron transferred to O2. Our understanding of the molecular design of the machinery that couples O2 reduction to proton pumping in oxidases has greatly benefited from studies of so called "uncoupled" structural variants of the oxidases. In these uncoupled oxidases the catalytic O2-reduction reaction may display the same rates as in the wild-type CytcO, yet the electron/proton transfer to O2 is not linked to proton pumping. One striking feature of all uncoupled variants studied to date is that the (apparent) pKa of a Glu residue, located deeply within a proton pathway, is either increased or decreased (from 9.4 in the wild-type oxidase). The altered pKa presumably reflects changes in the local structural environment of the residue and because the Glu residue is found near the catalytic site as well as near a putative exit pathway for pumped protons these changes are presumably important for controlling the rates and trajectories of the proton transfer. In this paper we summarize data obtained from studies of uncoupled structural oxidase variants and present a hypothesis that in quantitative terms offers a link between structural changes, modulation of the apparent pKa and uncoupling of proton pumping from O2 reduction.
  •  
10.
  • Carlred, Louise M, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Simultaneous imaging of amyloid-β and lipids in brain tissue using antibody-coupled liposomes and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5126 .- 0002-7863. ; 136:28, s. 9973-9981
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The spatial localization of amyloid-β peptide deposits, the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), was mapped in transgenic AD mouse brains using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), simultaneously with several endogenous molecules that cannot be mapped using conventional immunohistochemistry imaging, including phospholipids, cholesterol and sulfatides. Whereas the endogenous lipids were detected directly, the amyloid-β deposits, which cannot be detected as intact entities with ToF-SIMS because of extensive ion-induced fragmentation, were identified by specific binding of deuterated liposomes to antibodies directed against amyloid-β. Comparative investigation of the amyloid-β deposits using conventional immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy suggests similar sensitivity but a more surface-confined identification due to the shallow penetration depth of the ToF-SIMS signal. The recorded ToF-SIMS images thus display the localization of lipids and amyloid-β in a narrow (∼10 nm) two-dimensional plane at the tissue surface. As compared to a frozen nontreated tissue sample, the liposome preparation protocol generally increased the signal intensity of endogenous lipids, likely caused by matrix effects associated with the removal of salts, but no severe effects on the tissue integrity and the spatial distribution of lipids were observed with ToF-SIMS or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This method may provide an important extension to conventional tissue imaging techniques to investigate the complex interplay of different kinds of molecules in neurodegenerative diseases, in the same specimen. However, limitations in target accessibility of the liposomes as well as unspecific binding need further consideration. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
  •  
11.
  • Collins, Ruairi, et al. (författare)
  • Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 1 : a single residue provides selenium specificity to human selenocysteine lyase
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: PLoS One. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 1932-6203.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Selenium and sulfur are two closely related basic elements utilized in nature for a vast array of biochemical reactions. While toxic at higher concentrations, selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the selenium analogue of cysteine (Cys). Sec lyases (SCLs) and Cys desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys and generally act on both substrates. In contrast, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec although the only difference between Sec and Cys is the identity of a single atom. The chemical basis of this selenium-over-sulfur discrimination is not understood. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of hSCL and identify Asp146 as the key residue that provides the Sec specificity. A D146K variant resulted in loss of Sec specificity and appearance of CD activity. A dynamic active site segment also provides the structural prerequisites for direct product delivery of selenide produced by Sec cleavage, thus avoiding release of reactive selenide species into the cell. We thus here define a molecular determinant for enzymatic specificity discrimination between a single selenium versus sulfur atom, elements with very similar chemical properties. Our findings thus provide molecular insights into a key level of control in human selenium and selenoprotein turnover and metabolism.
  •  
12.
  • Dahlström, Carolin, et al. (författare)
  • Uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization in children at 6-9 years : Effects of a preterm birth
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Congress Programme. 1st Clinical Movement Analysis Word Conference. ; , s. 110-110
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION and AIMPsychomotor deficits are more commonly reported among children born preterm (PT) than those born full-term (FT). Further, evidence exists for more covert motor problems in children born preterm at school age [1]. Such findings may be associated with a more immature spatiotemporal model of movements and lower cognitive functioning in children born PT than FT [2]. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gestational age (GA) on uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization and on cognitive functioning in children at school age.PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODSParticipants consisted of 88 children between 6-9 years of age (M = 7.7 years; 40 PT, 19 girls; 48 FT, 22 girls) without known developmental delays or deviations. Children born PT were divided into two subgroups: moderately PT (M-PT), 34-36 weeks’ gestation (GW), and very PT (V-PT), < 34 GW. Movement kinematics were examined during performance of a goal-directed task, where the participants pushed three buttons in a sequential order in two different directions (vertical or horizontal) with either the right or left hand (unimanual) and with both hands simultaneously (bimanual). Movements were recorded by a 6-camera movement registration system (240Hz, ProReflex) and the number of movement units (MUs) was derived from head, shoulders, elbow, and wrist movement velocity profiles. Cognitive function in terms of verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTSOverall, a significant difference between the groups regarding number of MUs and FSIQ was found. In general, children born V-PT showed more MUs compared with the FT and M-PT group. Regardless of group, a significant higher amount of MUs was found in the bimanual condition than in the unimanual, and during horizontal movement performance in comparison with vertical. Furthermore, GA was significant negatively correlated with number of MUs for right and left wrist and right elbow, and also with FSIQ.DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that lower GAs are associated with both more segmented goal-directed arm movements as well as with lower general cognitive ability. During the more demanding tasks, i.e. bimanual and horizontal movements, this association became particularly evident, where the children born V-PT exhibited the greatest difficulties. Thus, this indicate immature spatio-temporal movement organization as a long-lasting effect of risk factors associated with a preterm birth, specifically for children born V-PT, that may be related to lower cognitive function. Further, limitations in kinematic degrees of freedom, leading to restricted amounts of solutions when solving a motor task, may also partly explain these findings.REFERENCES[1] Bracewell, M. & Marlow, N. (2002). Patterns of motor disability in very preterm children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(4), 241-248.[2] Domellöf, E., Johansson, A-M., Farooqi, A., Domellöf M. & Rönnqvist, L. (2013). Relations among upper-limb movement organization and cognitive function at school age in children born preterm. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(5), 344-352.
  •  
13.
  •  
14.
  • Deb, Siddhartha, et al. (författare)
  • Nuclear HIF1A expression is strongly prognostic in sporadic but not familial male breast cancer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Modern Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0893-3952 .- 1530-0285. ; 27:9, s. 1223-1230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Male breast cancer is poorly understood with a large proportion arising in the familial context particularly with the BRCA2 germline mutation. As phenotypic and genotypic differences between sporadic and familial male breast cancers have been noted, we investigated the importance of a hypoxic drive in these cancers as this pathway has been shown to be of importance in familial female breast cancer. Expression of two major hypoxia-induced proteins, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1A) and the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), examined within a large cohort including 61 familial (3 BRCA1, 28 BRCA2, 30 BRCAX) and 225 sporadic male breast cancers showed that 31% of all male breast cancers expressed either HIF1A (25%) and/or CA9 (8%) in the combined cohort. Expression of HIF1A correlated with an increased incidence of a second-major malignancy (P=0.04), histological tumor type (P=0.005) and basal phenotype (P=0.02). Expression of CA9 correlated with age (P=0.004) in sporadic cases and an increased tumor size (P=0.003). Expression of HIF1A was prognostic for disease-specific survival in sporadic male breast cancers (HR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.5-9.8, P=0.006) but not within familial male breast cancer, whereas CA9 was only prognostic in familial male breast cancers (HR: 358.0, 95% CI: 9.3-13781.7, P=0.002) and not in sporadic male breast cancer. This study found that hypoxic drive is less prevalent in male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer, possibly due to a different breast microenvironment. The prognostic impact of HIF1A is greatest in sporadic male breast cancers with an alternate dominant mechanism for the oncogenic drivers suggested in high risk familial male breast cancers.
  •  
15.
  • Difs, Kristina (författare)
  • District Heating and CHP : Local Possibilities for Global Climate Change Mitigation
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Global warming, in combination with increasing energy demand and higher energy prices, makes it necessary to change the energy use. To secure the energy supply and to develop sustainable societies, construction of energy-efficient systems is at the same time most vital. The aim of this thesis is therefore to identify how a local energy company, producing district heating (DH), district cooling (DC) and electricity in combined heat and power (CHP) plants, can contribute to resource-efficient energy systems and cost-effective reductions of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, along with its customers. Analyses have been performed on how a local energy company can optimise their DH and DC production and what supply-side and demand-side measures can lead to energy-efficient systems in combination with economic and climate change benefits. The energy company in focus is located in Linköping, Sweden. Optimisation models, such as MODEST and reMIND, have been used for analysing the energy systems. Scenario and sensitivity analyses have also been performed for evaluation of the robustness of the energy systems studied. For all analyses a European energy system perspective was applied, where a fully deregulated European electricity market with no bottlenecks or other system failures was assumed.In this thesis it is concluded that of the DH-supply technologies studied, the biomass gasification applications and the natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) CHP are the technologies with the largest global CO2 reduction potential, while the biomass-fuelled plant that only produces heat is the investment with the smallest global CO2 reduction and savings potential. However, the global CO2 reduction potential for the biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) CHP and NGCC CHP, the two technologies with highest electricity efficiencies, is highly dependent on the assumptions made about marginal European electricity production. Regarding the effect on the DH system cost the gasification application integrated with production of renewable biofuels (SNG) for the transport sector is the investment option with the largest savings potential for lower electricity prices, while with increasing electricity prices the BIGCC and NGCC CHP plants are the most cost-effective investment options. The economic outcome for biomass gasification applications is, however, dependent on the level of policy instruments for biofuels and renewable electricity. Moreover, it was shown that the tradable green certificates for renewable electricity can, when applied to DH systems, contribute to investments that will not fully utilise the DH systems’ potential for global CO2 emissions reductions.Also illustrated is that conversion of industrial processes, utilising electricity and fossil fuels, to DH and DC can contribute to energy savings. Since DH is mainly used for space heating, the heat demand for DH systems is strongly outdoor temperature-dependent. By converting industrial processes, where the heat demand is often dependent on process hours instead of outdoor temperature, the heat loads in DH systems can become more evenly distributed over the year, with increased base-load heat demand and increased electricity generation in CHP plants as an outcome. This extra electricity production, in combination with the freed electricity when converting electricity-using processes to DH, can replace marginal electricity production in the European electricity market, resulting in reduced global CO2 emissions.Demonstrated in this thesis is that the local energy company, along with its customers, can contribute to reaching the European Union’s targets of reducing energy use and decreasing CO2 emissions. This can be achieved in a manner that is cost-effective to both the local energy company and the customers.
  •  
16.
  • Do, Ron, et al. (författare)
  • Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
  •  
17.
  • Domellöf, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Brain findings in relation to cognitive outcomes in preterm children at school age
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 54, s. 33-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To explore whether brain volumes in ex-preterm born children at school age relates to their cognitive abilities.BACKGROUND: It is well established that a preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for cognitive deficits that often remain undetected until school age. Such deficits are likely caused by an atypical neurodevelopment. There is, however, relatively little known about the characterization of the preterm born children’s brain in relation to long-term cognitive performance.METHODS: A sample of preterm children (n = 32) and typically developing fullterm children (n = 38) at 7-8-years underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with additional synthetic MR for extraction of brain tissue. MR-findings were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTS: The preterm children performed significantly poorer than fullterm peers on the WISC-IV in terms of total IQ (M = 95.1 and 103.5, respectively) and other measures. Overall, the total brain volume was positively correlated with general cognitive ability (total IQ). Additionally, a significant relation between grey matter (GM) and IQ was found for the preterm children. However, no association between white matter (WM) and IQ was found.CONCLUSIONS: Even in a small sample of school-aged children with a history of birth comparatively close to term it was possible to detect a link between atypical brain volumes and cognitive functioning. The nature of these associations is discussed in terms of how GM and WM may contribute to long-term cognition deficits associated with a preterm birth.
  •  
18.
  •  
19.
  •  
20.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Handedness in preterm born children : a systematic review and a meta-analysis
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 49:9, s. 2299-2310
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has been proposed that left and/or non-right handedness (NRH) is over-represented in children with a history of preterm birth because such births are associated with a greater incidence of insult to the brain. We report an approximate two-fold increase in left and/or non-right handedness based on a systematic search of the literature from 1980 to September 2010 for English-language articles reporting handedness status in preterm children compared with fullterm controls either as a main focus of the study or as a secondary finding. In total, thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. However, there was a great variation between the included studies in terms of objectives, population characteristics, sample size and methodologies used. While the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of NRH in preterm than fullterm children, this was not a consistent finding. A quality assessment was made to explore the differences in overall study quality and handedness assessment methodology between studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was then performed to estimate the accumulated effect of preterm birth on handedness (18 studies; 1947 cases and 8170 controls). Preterm children displayed a significantly higher occurrence of NRH than fullterm children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.78). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by supplementary meta-analyses considering studies with high or low overall and handedness assessment quality. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test of the intercept and Duvall and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method. The outcomes of these procedures did not jeopardize the overall finding of reliably increased OR for NRH in preterm children. The present review suggests that a preterm birth is indeed associated with a greater than two-fold likelihood of NRH. Several studies also explored the relationship between handedness and neuropsychological functioning (cognition mainly) with an array of methods. Although not without disagreement, this association was found to be concordant. Studying handedness in preterm children, therefore, is a potentially important index of hemispheric organization and cognitive and sensory–motor functions following neurodevelopmental disturbance.
  •  
21.
  •  
22.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
  •  
23.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Relations between cognitive performance and movement organization in preterm children at 6 to 8 years old
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53 (Suppl. s3). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 45-45
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To explore the relations between cognitive performance and spatio-temporal organization of upper-body movements in preterm children at school age compared with full-term peers.Background: Neuromotor disabilities and lowered cognitive performance are frequently reported in school-aged preterm children. A few studies have also reported associations between intelligence and motor skill outcomes in this population as assessed by standardized test batteries. At present, however, there is no knowledge of how measures of intelligence relate to more refined measurements of movement quality in preterm children.Design/Method: In the present study, performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) was related to optoelectronic registrations (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) of arm movement performance during a unimanual precision task in a sample of preterm children at 6 to 8 years (n=31) compared with typically developing full-term children (n=36).Results: A significant group effect was revealed for Fullscale IQ, indicating poorer overall performance on the WISC-IV by preterm (mean 95.1) than full-term (mean 103.5) participants. The same pattern was apparent for both the Verbal and Performance indexes and the majority of the sub-tests. Correlation analyses were performed to test the associations between cognitive performance and spatiotemporal movement parameters. Several findings emerged from this procedure and will be presented, including significant relations between Full-scale IQ and movement segmentation at both the proximal and distal level in preterm but not full-term participants.Conclusions: Measures of WISC-IV appear significantly associated with kinematic outcome measures in schoolaged preterm children in terms of better cognitive performance being linked with better movement organization. The same associations were not seen in the age- and sexmatched full-term group. This type of investigation adds to the understanding of relations between cognitive and motor performance in the context of movement organization, coordination, and control depending on birth history.
  •  
24.
  • Enekvist, Bruno, et al. (författare)
  • Larger tidal volume increases sevoflurane uptake in blood: a randomized clinical study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 54:9, s. 1111-1116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The rate of uptake of volatile anesthetics is dependent on alveolar concentration and ventilation, blood solubility and cardiac output. We wanted to determine whether increased tidal volume (V-T), with unchanged end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), could affect the arterial concentration of sevoflurane. Methods Prospective, randomized, clinical study. ASA physical status 2 and II patients scheduled for elective surgery of the lower abdomen were randomly assigned to one of the two groups with 10 patients in each: one group with normal V-T (NVT) and one group with increased V-T (IVT) achieved by increasing the inspired plateau pressure 0.04 cmH(2)O/kg above the initial plateau pressure. A corrugated tube added extra apparatus dead space to maintain PETCO2 at 4.5 kPa. The respiratory rate was set at 15 min-1, and sevoflurane was delivered to the fresh gas by a vaporizer set at 3%. Arterial sevoflurane tensions (P(a)sevo), F(i)sevo, P(ET)sevo, PETCO2, PaCO2, V-T and airway pressure were measured. Results The two groups of patients were similar with regard to gender, age, weight, height and body mass index. The mean P(ET)sevo did not differ between the groups. Throughout the observation time, arterial sevoflurane tension (mean +/- SE) was significantly higher in the IVT group compared with the NVT group, e.g. 1.9 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.25 kPa after 60 min of anesthesia (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ventilation with larger tidal volumes with isocapnia maintained with added dead-space volume increases the tension of sevoflurane in arterial blood.
  •  
25.
  • Feng, Yi, et al. (författare)
  • Electrical and manual acupuncture stimulation affect oestrous cyclicity and neuroendocrine function in an 5α-dihydrotestosterone-induced rat polycystic ovary syndrome model.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Experimental physiology. - : Wiley. - 1469-445X .- 0958-0670. ; 97:5, s. 651-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Both low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture improve menstrual frequency and decrease circulating androgens in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We sought to determine whether low-frequency EA is more effective than manual stimulation in regulating disturbed oestrous cyclicity in rats with PCOS induced by 5α-dihydrotestosterone. To identify the central mechanisms of the effects of stimulation, we assessed hypothalamic mRNA expression of molecules that regulate reproductive and neuroendocrine function. From age 70 days, rats received 2 Hz EA or manual stimulation with the needles five times per week for 4-5 weeks; untreated rats served as control animals. Specific hypothalamic nuclei were obtained by laser microdissection, and mRNA expression was measured with TaqMan low-density arrays. Untreated rats were acyclic. During the last 2 weeks of treatment, seven of eight (88%) rats in the EA group had epithelial keratinocytes, demonstrating oestrous cycle change (P = 0.034 versus control rats). In the manual group, five of eight (62%) rats had oestrous cycle changes (n.s. versus control animals). The mRNA expression of the opioid receptors Oprk1 and Oprm1 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was lower in the EA group than in untreated control rats. The mRNA expression of the steroid hormone receptors Esr2, Pgr and Kiss1r was lower in the manual group than in the control animals. In rats with 5α-dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS, low-frequency EA restored disturbed oestrous cyclicity but did not differ from the manual stimulation group, although electrical stimulation lowered serum testosterone in responders, those with restored oestrus cyclicity, and differed from both control animals and the manual stimulation group. Thus, EA cannot in all aspects be considered superior to manual stimulation. The effects of low-frequency EA may be mediated by central opioid receptors, while manual stimulation may involve regulation of steroid hormone/peptide receptors.
  •  
26.
  • Frogner, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Directed Patrol for Preventing City Centre Street Violence in Sweden - A Hot Spot Policing Intervention
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 19:4, s. 333-350
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examines a hot spot policing intervention where private security guards patrolled a specific area in the city centre of a mid-sized Swedish town during summer weekend evenings and nights, aiming to reduce the number of reported street violence incidents. A follow-up of the intervention, using previous years as a control was conducted to measure changes in the number of street violence rates before and during the intervention. The results show non-significant decreases in the number of reported street violence incidents during the intervention. The results can be interpreted in at least two ways: that the intervention had no effects; or that the small, but non-significant decreases observed, are indeed small effects that can be strengthened by modifying the implementation of the intervention. An additional analysis shows that the changes in crime rates are larger at times when the guards adapted a stricter hot spot policing approach, which indicates that with a more structured implementation of the intervention it might be possible to see larger effects.
  •  
27.
  • Gioti, Anastasia, et al. (författare)
  • Genomic Insights into the Atopic Eczema-Associated Skin Commensal Yeast Malassezia sympodialis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: mBio. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 4:1, s. e00572-12-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Malassezia commensal yeasts are associated with a number of skin disorders, such as atopic eczema/dermatitis and dandruff, and they also can cause systemic infections. Here we describe the 7.67-Mbp genome of Malassezia sympodialis, a species associated with atopic eczema, and contrast its genome repertoire with that of Malassezia globosa, associated with dandruff, as well as those of other closely related fungi. Ninety percent of the predicted M. sympodialis protein coding genes were experimentally verified by mass spectrometry at the protein level. We identified a relatively limited number of genes related to lipid biosynthesis, and both species lack the fatty acid synthase gene, in line with the known requirement of these yeasts to assimilate lipids from the host. Malassezia species do not appear to have many cell wall-localized glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins and lack other cell wall proteins previously identified in other fungi. This is surprising given that in other fungi these proteins have been shown to mediate interactions (e. g., adhesion and biofilm formation) with the host. The genome revealed a complex evolutionary history for an allergen of unknown function, Mala s 7, shown to be encoded by a member of an amplified gene family of secreted proteins. Based on genetic and biochemical studies with the basidiomycete human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, we characterized the allergen Mala s 6 as the cytoplasmic cyclophilin A. We further present evidence that M. sympodialis may have the capacity to undergo sexual reproduction and present a model for a pseudobipolar mating system that allows limited recombination between two linked MAT loci. IMPORTANCE Malassezia commensal yeasts are associated with a number of skin disorders. The previously published genome of M. globosa provided some of the first insights into Malassezia biology and its involvement in dandruff. Here, we present the genome of M. sympodialis, frequently isolated from patients with atopic eczema and healthy individuals. We combined comparative genomics with sequencing and functional characterization of specific genes in a population of clinical isolates and in closely related model systems. Our analyses provide insights into the evolution of allergens related to atopic eczema and the evolutionary trajectory of the machinery for sexual reproduction and meiosis. We hypothesize that M. sympodialis may undergo sexual reproduction, which has important implications for the understanding of the life cycle and virulence potential of this medically important yeast. Our findings provide a foundation for the development of genetic and genomic tools to elucidate host-microbe interactions that occur on the skin and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
  •  
28.
  •  
29.
  • Hansen, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - Geneve : International union against cancer. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 131:2, s. 469-478
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The role of dietary fiber on the risk of colon and rectal cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but findings have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident colon (including distal and proximal colon) and rectal cancer in the prospective Scandinavian HELGA cohort and to determine if fiber source (vegetables, fruits, potatoes, cereals) impacted the association. We included 1,168 incident cases (691 colon, 477 rectal cancer), diagnosed during a median of 11.3 years, among 108,081 cohort members. Sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of colon and rectal cancer were related to intake of total or specific fiber source using Cox proportional hazards models. For men, an inverse association was observed between intake of total fiber and the risk of colon cancer per an incremental increase of 10 g day(-1) , IRR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.64-0.86). Intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was associated with an IRR of 0.94 (0.91-0.98), which was also seen for intake of cereal fiber from foods with high fiber content (≥5 g per 100 g product), where the IRR per 2 g day(-1) was 0.94 (0.90-0.98). In women, intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day(-1) was also associated with lower risk of colon cancer, 0.97 (0.93-1.00). No clear associations were seen for rectal cancer. Our data indicate a protective role of total and cereal fiber intake, particularly from cereal foods with high fiber content, in the prevention of colon cancer.
  •  
30.
  • Hansson, Katarina, et al. (författare)
  • Långsiktig Plan för Programområdet Farliga Ämnen
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Detta är en långsiktig plan för programområdet "Farliga ämnen". Planen är ett vägledande dokument, dels för Naturvårdsverkets prioriteringar inom området, samt för projektplanering och samordning inom SMED. Planen har avstämts med Naturvårdsverket. När det gäller granskning, rapportering och deltagande i konfe-renser gäller planen fram till 2012, då en uppdatering av detta dokument är plane-rat. Arbetet har utförts i fyra områden:1. Rapporteringskrav2. Omvärldsanalys och nationella rapporteringsbehov3. Internationell verksamhet i relation till PRTR4. Utformning av långsiktig plan med projektförslag, här ingår bl.a. utveck-ling av det nationella utsläppsregistret, Utsläpp i siffror (UTIS) och E-PRTR rapporteringenDen första rapporteringen till E-PRTR gjordes 2009-06-30 och avsåg 2007 års aktivitetsuppgifter. Därefter rapporteras data till E-PRTR årligen den 31 mars. Både PRTR och E-PRTR syftar till att införa ett register över utsläpp och överfö-ring av föroreningar, för att underlätta allmänhetens deltagande i beslutsfattandet om miljön och att bidra till att hindra och minska nedsmutsningen av miljön. 86 respektive 91 ämnen skall rapporteras till PRTR och E-PRTR. Ett tröskelvärde är kopplat till respektive ämne och om tröskelvärdet överskrids skall ämnet rapporte-ras. 65 olika verksamheter efterfrågas enligt PRTR och E-PRTR. Huruvida en verksamhet skall rapporteras eller ej avgörs med hjälp av tröskelvärden för kapaci-tet. Utsläpp från diffusa källor skall rapporteras till PRTR för enskilda länder. Till E-PRTR ombesörjer EU- kommissionen ländernas rapportering av diffusa emissio-ner. Data kommer att baseras på redan befintlig rapportering från medlemsländerna (t.ex. UNFCCC, CLRTAP etc.). Det saknas dock metodik och data för att göra denna rapportering heltäckande i dagsläget.Omvärldsanalysen visar att det pågår ett omfattande arbete i många länder inom detta område. Forskningsprogrammet ChEmiTecs arbetar med att öka kunskapen om emissioner av organiska ämnen från varor, KemI har utvecklat Varuguiden som bl.a. visar vilka ämnen det skulle kunna finnas i olika varor och SCB har utvecklat materialflödesstatistik. Utsläppsdata rapporteras internationellt via flertalet konven-tioner och direktiv. På nationell basis använder Naturvårdsverket data för uppfölj-ning av de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen, samt som underlag till utredningar be-ställda av den svenska regeringen.I samråd med Naturvårdsverket har den internationella verksamheten i denna rap-port begränsats till att omfatta rapporteringar enligt PRTR/E-PRTR och dess kopp-ling till andra internationella konventioner och överenskommelser, kunskapssprid-ning och sammanställning av ett antal relevanta EU och OECD projekt. 7Den långsiktiga planen innehåller de närmaste två årens granskning, rapportering och deltagande i internationella möten (OECD och FN). Övriga projektförslag handlar om hur man kan redovisa mer data på UTIS; diffusa utsläpp, utsläpp av lösningsmedel från hushåll, långväga transport och att koppla miljödata till miljö-emissionsdata. När det gäller E-PRTR rapporteringen finns det flera förslag som rör olika typer av kvalitetsarbete och täckningsgrad: t.ex. jämföra företag inom samma bransch, hitta metodik för små och medelstora företag. Mer långsiktigt finns förslag på att uppskatta diffusa emissioner från varor.
  •  
31.
  • Hedman, Ann-Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Sfi som blended learning
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Symposium 2012. - Stockholm : Stockholms universitets förlag. - 9789176566879 ; , s. 227-238
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
32.
  • Hendrickson, Sara J., et al. (författare)
  • Plasma Carotenoid- and Retinol-Weighted Multi-SNP Scores and Risk of Breast Cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Philadelphia, PA, USA : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 22:5, s. 927-936
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Dietary and circulating carotenoids have been inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but observed associations may be due to confounding. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1), a gene encoding the enzyme involved in the first step of synthesizing vitamin A from dietary carotenoids, have been associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and may serve as unconfounded surrogates for those biomarkers. We determined associations between variants in BCMO1 and breast cancer risk in a large cohort consortium. Methods: We used unconditional logistic regression to test four SNPs in BCMO1 for associations with breast cancer risk in 9,226 cases and 10,420 controls from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We also tested weighted multi-SNP scores composed of the two SNPs with strong, confirmed associations with circulating carotenoid concentrations. Results: Neither the individual SNPs nor the weighted multi-SNP scores were associated with breast cancer risk [OR (95% confidence interval) comparing extreme quintiles of weighted multi-SNP scores = 1.04 (0.94-1.16) for beta-carotene, 1.08 (0.98-1.20) for alpha-carotene, 1.04 (0.94-1.16) for beta-cryptoxanthin, 0.95 (0.87-1.05) for lutein/zeaxanthin, and 0.92 (0.83-1.02) for retinol]. Furthermore, no associations were observed when stratifying by estrogen receptor status, but power was limited. Conclusions: Our results do not support an association between SNPs associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and breast cancer risk. Impact: Future studies will need additional genetic surrogates and/or sample sizes at least three times larger to contribute evidence of a causal link between carotenoids and breast cancer. (C) 2013 AACR.
  •  
33.
  • Iversen, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Increasing Patient Accessibility to a Surgery Department Through Operations Management Principles
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the sixth Swedish Production Symposium, 16-18 September 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper investigates how the application of operations management principles can be used to increase patients’ access to an inpatient care facility that supplies acute and non-acute care, in a Swedish University Hospital. This paper also identifies problems and solutions related to patient flow, as well as facilitators and barriers to implementation process. The study shows that patient accessibility can be increased by using operations management principles such as separated flows. The implementation was facilitated by short term gains, management support, and visible leadership. The barriers to implementation were identified as lack of operations management knowledge, deficiencies in improvement work and regulations.
  •  
34.
  • Johansson, Ann-Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 2 : mechanistic investigation of the selenium specificity of human selenocysteine lyase
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: PLoS One. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 1932-6203.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Selenocysteine (Sec) lyases (SCLs) and cysteine (Cys) desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys, respectively, and generally accept both substrates. Intriguingly, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec even though the only difference between Sec and Cys is a single chalcogen atom. The crystal structure of hSCL was recently determined and gain-of-function protein variants that also could accept Cys as substrate were identified. To obtain mechanistic insight into the chemical basis for its substrate discrimination, we here report time-resolved spectroscopic studies comparing the reactions of the Sec-specific wild-type hSCL and the gain-of-function D146K/H389T variant, when given Cys as a substrate. The data are interpreted in light of other studies of SCL/CD enzymes and offer mechanistic insight into the function of the wild-type enzyme. Based on these results and previously available data we propose a reaction mechanism whereby the Sec over Cys specificity is achieved using a combination of chemical and physico-mechanical control mechanisms.
  •  
35.
  • Johansson, Ann-Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Proton-transport mechanisms in cytochrome c oxidase revealed by studies of kinetic isotope effects
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1807:9, s. 1083-1094
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cytochrome c oxidase (CytcO) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyzes the reduction of di-oxygen to water and uses a major part of the free energy released in this reaction to pump protons across the membrane. In the Rhodobacter sphaeroides aa(3) CytcO all protons that are pumped across the membrane, as well as one half of the protons that are used for O(2) reduction, are transferred through one specific intraprotein proton pathway, which holds a highly conserved Glu286 residue. Key questions that need to be addressed in order to understand the function of CytcO at a molecular level are related to the timing of proton transfers from Glu286 to a pump site and the catalytic site, respectively. Here, we have investigated the temperature dependencies of the HID kinetic-isotope effects of intramolecular proton-transfer reactions in the wild-type CytcO as well as in two structural CytcO variants, one in which proton uptake from solution is delayed and one in which proton pumping is uncoupled from 02 reduction. These processes were studied for two specific reaction steps linked to transmembrane proton pumping, one that involves only proton transfer (peroxy-ferryl, transition) and one in which the same sequence of proton transfers is also linked to electron transfer to the catalytic site (ferryl-oxidized, F -> O, transition). An analysis of these reactions in the framework of theory indicates that that the simpler, P -> F reaction is rate-limited by proton transfer from Glu286 to the catalytic site. When the same proton-transfer events are also linked to electron transfer to the catalytic site (F -> O), the proton-transfer reactions might well be gated by a protein structural change, which presumably ensures that the proton-pumping stoichiometry is maintained also in the presence of a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. Furthermore, the present study indicates that a careful analysis of the temperature dependence of the isotope effect should help us in gaining mechanistic insights about CytcO.
  •  
36.
  • Johansson, Ann-Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Proton Uptake and pK(a) Changes in the Uncoupled Asn139Cys Variant of Cytochrome c Oxidase
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 52:5, s. 827-836
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cytochrome c oxidase (CytcO) is a membrane-bound enzyme that links electron transfer from cytochrome c to O-2 to proton pumping across the membrane. Protons are transferred through specific pathways that connect the protein surface with the catalytic site as well as the proton input with the proton output sides. Results from earlier studies have shown that one site within the so-called D proton pathway, Asn139, located similar to 10 angstrom from the protein surface, is particularly sensitive to mutations that uncouple the O-2 reduction reaction from the proton pumping activity. For example, none of the Asn139Asp (charged) or Asn139Thr (neutral) mutant CytcOs pump protons, although the proton-uptake rates are unaffected. Here, we have investigated the Asn139Cys and Asn139Cys/Asp132Asn mutant CytcOs. In contrast to other structural variants investigated to date, the Cys side chain may be either neutral or negatively charged in the experimentally accessible pH range. The data show that the Asn139Cys and Asn139Asp mutations result in the same changes of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters associated with the proton transfer. The similarity is not due to introduction of charge at position 139, but rather introduction of a protonatable group that modulates the proton connectivity around this position. These results illuminate the mechanism by which CytcO couples electron transfer to proton pumping.
  •  
37.
  • Johansson, Ann-Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Role of aspartate 132 at the orifice of a proton pathway in cytochrome c oxidase
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 110:22, s. 8912-8917
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Proton transfer across biological membranes underpins central processes in biological systems, such as energy conservation and transport of ions and molecules. In the membrane proteins involved in these processes, proton transfer takes place through specific pathways connecting the two sides of the membrane via control elements within the protein. It is commonly believed that acidic residues are required near the orifice of such proton pathways to facilitate proton uptake. In cytochrome c oxidase, one such pathway starts near a conserved Asp-132 residue. Results from earlier studies have shown that replacement of Asp-132 by, e. g., Asn, slows proton uptake by a factor of similar to 5,000. Here, we show that proton uptake at full speed (similar to 10(4) s(-1)) can be restored in the Asp-132-Asn oxidase upon introduction of a second structural modification further inside the pathway (Asn-139-Thr) without compensating for the loss of the negative charge. This proton-uptake rate was insensitive to Zn2+ addition, which in the wildtype cytochrome c oxidase slows the reaction, indicating that Asp-132 is required for Zn2+ binding. Furthermore, in the absence of Asp-132 and with Thr at position 139, at high pH (>9), proton uptake was significantly accelerated. Thus, the data indicate that Asp-132 is not strictly required for maintaining rapid proton uptake. Furthermore, despite the rapid proton uptake in the Asn-139-Thr/Asp-132-Asn mutant cytochrome c oxidase, proton pumping was impaired, which indicates that the segment around these residues is functionally linked to pumping.
  •  
38.
  • Johansson, Ann-Louise, 1984- (författare)
  • Structural elements involved in protein-mediated proton transfer : Implications from studies of cytochrome c oxidase
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Proton transfer is one of the most common reactions in biological systems. During energy conversion inside a cell, proton transfer is crucial to maintain an electrochemical proton gradient across the cell membrane. This gradient is in turn used to e.g. produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. One of the key components of the build-up of this gradient is cytochrome c oxidase. This membrane-bound enzyme catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, using protons and electrons, and in the process protons are pumped across the membrane. All protons used during oxygen reduction and those that are pumped, are transferred via hydrophilic pathways inside the hydrophobic interior of the enzyme. One of these pathways, called the D pathway, is used to transfer protons both to the catalytic site and towards a pump site. It is yet not fully understood how these proton-transfer reactions are timed, coupled and controlled. This thesis is focused on studies of proton-transfer reactions through the D pathway in variants of cytochrome c oxidase that lack the ability to pump protons. The results suggest that changes in pKa values of key residues, as well as structural changes inside the pathway, can explain the non-pumping phenotypes. The results have led us to propose that an internal proton shuttle (Glu286I) can adopt two different conformations that are in equilibrium with each other, and that this equilibrium is altered in non-pumping variants of cytochrome c oxidase. We also observed that proton transfer through the D pathway could occur with the same rate as in the wild-type enzyme even when one of the key residues (Asp132I) is absent. This result contradicts previous assumptions that acidic residues must be present at an orifice of proton pathways. We therefore suggest that this specific residue could have an additional role, e.g. as a selectivity filter that excludes all ions except protons from entering the pathway.
  •  
39.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between motor skills, cognitive function and birth immaturitly in school-aged children born preterm
  • 2013
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Within the framework of an ongoing longitudinal study, relations between motor skills and cognitive function in 7-8-year-old preterm born children were investigated.BACKGROUND: Motor and cognitive problems have been suggested to be the two major sequalea of a preterm birth. Global and selective deficit of neuromotor and executive functions have been found within this group of children at school age. However, few studies haveinvestigated the associations between motor skills andcognitive function in relation toweeks of gestation (GW) and birth weight (BW).DESIGN/METHOD: Children (n = 18) born between 25-34 GW performed the Movement-ABC 2 (M-ABC 2) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). Scaled scores from M-ABC 2 (hand function, ball handling skills, static- and dynamic balance, total score) were correlated with indexes derived from the WISC-IV (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, full scale intelligence quotient [FSIQ]), GW and BW.RESULTS: The majority of children had mild to moderate general motor impairments (n = 10) where hand function was most affected (n = 15). FSIQ was somewhat below the norm (M = 95) where working memory (WM) was most impaired (M = 87). Further, associations between motor skills (apart from balance) and processing speed was shown, FSIQ was related to GW, and BW to WM, perceptual reasoning and FSIQ. Most of the associations remained even when excluding two children with a diagnosis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy.CONCLUSIONS: No direct relationships between GW/BW and motor skills were shown. However, the associations found suggest that cognitive function may be a mediating factor between birth status and motor skills. Other analytical methods requiring larger study samples are needed to verify such causality.
  •  
40.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Early risk factors and cognitive outcomes in children born preterm
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 24-24
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Research has consistently demonstrated a greater risk for learning-related problems in children born preterm. However, little research has explored the longterm effects of early risk factors (RFs) on cognitive outcome. Thus, the associations between RFs and cognitive functions are the main focus of the present research.Methods: A sample of 32 children born preterm (M GW=31.5, [22–35]; M age=7.7yrs) and 38 age and sex matched full-term born control group (M age=7.7) underwentWechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) testing. A number of RF in the pre/perinatal period was identified from information in medical records.Results: The children born preterm had significantly lower scores than full-term controls on the WISC-IV in terms of full-scale IQ (FSIQ; M=94.5 and 102.1 respectively) and performance index (PIQ) (M=100 and 106.8 respectively). Within the preterm group, standardized birth weight (BW) was positively correlated with FSIQ and PIQ. Further, the total number of RF was negatively correlated with FSIQ and working memory index.Discussion: As previously shown, most of the children born preterm score within normal limits on the WISC-IV, they score significantly lower and demonstrate higher rates of sub-average IQ and PIQ than their full-term peers. Additionally, early RFs were associated with several measures of cognitive functioning. Thus, these results highlight the importance of including early medical history when analyzing outcomes of preterm birth. Further enquiries are necessary to look into the relationship between specific RFs and cognition in order to better predict outcomes.
  •  
41.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Handedness and its association to spatio-temporal organization of goal-directed movements in preterm born children at 4-8 years of age
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings for the Motor Control and Human Skills Conference. - : Curtin University. ; , s. 43-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Children born preterm with no known neurological impairment have been shown to have substantial and persistent motor dysfunction at school age1,2. Additionally, higher incidence of non-right handedness has been shown in preterm born populations3. A finding that may be associated with generally affected motor function due to neuropathology and/or developmental delay. So far, few studies have investigated parameters related to movement control and handedness in conjunction and the influence of age in this population. Thus, this study is aimed at the investigation of side differences in spatio-temporal properties of goal-directed upper-limb movements and the influence of age and perinatal factors in preterm born children in comparison to age and sex matched term born children.DESIGN: The current study includes a sample of preterm born children (n=65, £35 gestation weeks) with no known neurological impairment and age and sex matched controls (n= 73) of 4- to 8-years of age. Hand preference was assessed by repeated observation of the frequency of hand used for manipulation of five different items. Optoelectronic technique (6 camera, 240 Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) was used to record upper body movements during a goal-directed unimanual task with high demand on precision. Information regarding duration and smoothness of the movement trajectories was extracted.RESULTS: It was found that the preterm children have a less evident hand preference as compared to their full term peers. Preliminary findings from the kinematic analyses showed that the preterm born children had longer movement durations and more segmented movement trajectories of the preferred hand. Further, the performance in terms of movement segmentation and duration were more equal between the preferred and non-preferred hand in the preterm group. Age influenced the outcome significantly for both groups where the younger children had longer durations and more segmentations than the older. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the preterm born children, as compared to term born controls, have affected motor function as indicated by spatio-temporal properties related to coordination and control. Further, the preterm group showed less evident hand preference in terms of frequency of hand use and in the quality of movement in terms of kinematics. In conclusion, the less evident hand preference and the generally affected motor function indicate a neuromotor dysfunction in the preterm children that may be associated with a general developmental delay.
  •  
42.
  •  
43.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • KINEMATIC EFFECTS OF SENSORIMOTOR TIMING TRAINING IN CHILDREN WITH DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: 22nd Annual meeting of ESMAC, 2013. - Glasgow, Scotland. ; , s. 167-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION and AIMThe objective of the present study was to explore the individual effects of sensorimotor timing training with the Interactive Metronome©  (IM) in young individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP). IM is a multi- modal integration training method where the goal is to synchronize rhythmic movement activation with a beat. To this end, error feedback is provided via auditory and visual cues. One previous case study has shown positive effects on upper-limb kinematics of IM training in children with hemiplegic CP [1]. However, there is a need forextended scientific evaluation of the effects of existing training methods for children with CP of various types and severity. In the present study 3D movement registration technique was used to objectively evaluate training effects on goal-directed upper-limb movements.PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODSParticipants comprised three children with spastic DCP (2 boys;1 girl, age range: 12-16 years).  The score on theManual Ability Classification System was II, IV, and III and the Gross Motor Function Classification System score was III, IV, and IV for Case I-III, respectively. The spasticity severely affected arm function in case II and III. All cases were diagnosed with intellectual disability and other comorbidities were diagnoses of autism, epilepsy, cortical visual impairment, strabismus, dysarthria, asthma and scoliosis. IM training consisted of a 4 week (12 sessions) individually customised program including bilateral and unilateral movements of the armsand hands. To establish short- and long-term effects, goal-directed upper-limb movements were examined by theuse of a 6-camera optoelectronic recording system (240Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) at three time points, before and at two following occasions after the IM training (post-test I, 1 week after completed training; post-test II, 6 months after post-test I). The goal-directed evaluation task consisted of pushing three buttons in a sequential order in four different directions (extension-flexion; flexion-extension; adduction-abduction; abduction- adduction). The following parameters were derived from the wrist marker; movement duration (time needed to complete the task), segmentation of the movement trajectory (number of movement units), and 3D distance.RESULTSThe intra- as well as the inter-individual variability of IM effects were large. Case I showed some improvementin timing ability with auditory error feedback at post-test I as measured by the IM equipment. Self-phased timing was not improved. Case II and III showed no apparent improvement in timing ability. For Case I, the 3D analyses of the movement trajectories during the evaluation task, showed great inconsistency with no systematic improvements at both post-test occasions. However, Case II and III improved significantly as characterized by decreased duration at post-test I. This improvement remained at post-test II. Further, the segmentations of the wrist movement trajectory in terms of the number of movement units significantly decreased at post-test I. This finding  was  also  stable  at  post-test  II.  Few  changes  were  detected  on  the  3D  distance  for  either  case.DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONSNo substantial improvement was shown on timing ability for any of the cases, possibly due to task constraintsinflicted by the severity of the CP in these children. However, the training did result in faster and smoother movements for Case II and III. The effect appeared to mainly affect temporal aspects and remained at 6 month follow up. For these cases, the results suggest improved motor planning and control of goal-directed upper-limb actions. Case I showed no improvements, possibly due to the complexity of comorbidity including diagnoses of autism and intellectual disability. Thus, IM appears to be a feasible and promising method to improve movement control in some children diagnosed with severe types of CP. However, future studies should include outcome measures pertaining to attention as the IM encompasses high attentional demand.REFERENCES[1] Johansson, A.-M., Domellöf, E., & Rönnqvist, L. (2012). Short- and long-term effects of synchronized metronome   training   in   children   with   hemiplegic   cerebral   palsy:   a   two   case   study.   DevelopmentalNeurorehabilitation, 15(2), 160–9. doi:10.3109/17518423.2011.635608
  •  
44.
  •  
45.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term influences of a preterm birth on movement organization and side specialization in children at 4–8 years of age
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : Wiley Periodicals, Inc.. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 56:6, s. 1263-1277
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explored upper-limb and head kinematics during unimanual goal-directed movements in children born preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) aged 4–8 years. Further, functional lateralization was investigated through side-specific kinematics and hand preference observations. Altogether, 141 children were included, divided into three sub-groups based on gestation week at birth (GW). Children born FT (38–41 GW) and moderately PT (33–35 GW) showed faster, smoother, and shorter movement trajectories than children born very PT (V-PT<33 GW). Only children born FT expressed evident side differences that were characterized by smoother movements with the preferred side. Regarding hand preference, the children born V-PT showed increased rates of non-right-handedness compared with the other groups. Regardless of hand preference, the children born V-PT showed less well organized movements compared with the other groups. These findings suggest that spatio-temporal movement organization and side specialization at pre-/early school-age are affected by a PT birth, and more frequently so for children born before 33 GWs, indicating long-lasting influences on neuromotor development and specialization.
  •  
46.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981- (författare)
  • Sensorimotor behavior in children born preterm and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy : Side preference, movement organization, and training
  • 2012
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Preterm birth (< 37 complete gestation weeks, GWs) is the single most prominent risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy (CP). This is due to the immature physiological state of the preterm born infant which increases the risk of brain lesions. In CP, prominent sensorimotor, cognitive, and perceptual deviations are manifested with varying degrees of functional impairment. Although most children born preterm (PT) do not develop CP, sensorimotor and cognitive deficits are frequently reported in the absence of major disability. To date, few studies have focused on detailed kinematic analysis of upper-body goal-directed movements and how aspects of movement organization and control are related to hand preference, intellectual function, gestational age, and sex within groups of prematurely born children. Further, studies evaluating effects of sensorimotor training in persons with CP is needed and of importance as positive effects on movement performance may increase individual autonomy as a consequence.To investigate the prevalence of non-right hand preference within children born preterm (PT) in comparison to children born fullterm (FT), a meta-analysis and literature review were performed (study I). It was shown that children born PT had increased rates of non-right handedness (NRH) corresponding to 22% compared to 12% in the FT group (odds ratio 2.12). In study II, hand preference and side specific movement performance in children born PT (. 35 GWs) compared to an age matched group of children born FT were investigated. All included participants were 4-8 years of age without major disability. Movement performance was studied through detailed kinematic registrations of the head, arm, and hand during a goal-directed task and hand preference through observations of the hand used when manipulating different objects. On a group level, the children born PT, specifically those born < 33 GWs, showed an increased rate of NRH, weaker strength of hand preference, and a lack of side specificity in terms of movement kinematics. In general, the children born < 33 GWs also displayed poorer movement organization and control as expressed by longer durations, less smooth and longer distances of the movement trajectories. These findings imply that preterm birth has long term effects on sensorimoror organization and function, possibly reflecting a developmental delay and/or a persistent effect that may be associated with the increased risk of deviations in brain development.In study III, associations between movement performance, assessed with the same task as in study II, and intellectual function (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th ed; WISC-IV) were studied. This study included a subsample of the children from study II at 6-8 years of age. The results showed a link between movement organization and general intellectual functioning (IQ), when controlling for effects of GA and sex, for the PT born but not the FT born children. These findings suggest shared neural underpinnings and interrelated development of motor and intellectual functions.In study IV, kinematic analysis of upper-body movements and subjective experience of change in upper-body function were applied before and after a period of synchronized metronome training (SMT) in adolescents with varying degree of CP to study the effects of this type of training. The SMT method applied entailed elements of movement timing and rhythmic activation coupled with feedback and was hypothesized to train sensorimotor integration. It was found that SMT did improve, to varying degrees, the organization and control of movements in adolescents with CP. The participants with more severe forms of CP reported substantial effects in daily living activities. The observed effects of SMT warrant further study of specific effects on movement planning, biomechanical constraints, and attention.The relation between hand preference and movement performance, movement performance and intellectual function, and aspects related to the SMT method applied in study IV are discussed. Specifically, the lack of side specific movement organization within the group of children born PT is discussed from perspectives of motor learning, plasticity, and genetics. The relations between movement performance and intellectual functions are considered and ideas for how this association could be tested are given. With relation to study IV, the functions trained by the specific SMT method applied and the accessibility of individuals with different degree of CP is discussed. Methodological considerations and ideas for future research approaches within these areas are presented.
  •  
47.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Short- and long-term effects of synchronized metronome training in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy : a two case study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 15:2, s. 160-169
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) require individualized long-term management to maintain and improve motor functions. The objective of this study was to explore potential effects of synchronized metronome training (SMT) on movement kinematics in two children diagnosed with spastic hemiplegic CP (HCP).Method: Both children underwent 4-weeks/12 sessions of SMT by means of the Interactive Metronome (IM). Optoelectronic registrations of goal-directed uni- and bimanual upper-limb movements were made at three occasions; pre-training, post completed training and at 6-months post completed training.Results: Significant changes in kinematic outcomes following IM training were found for both cases. Findings included smoother and shorter movement trajectories in the bimanual condition, especially for the affected side. In the unimanual condition, Case I also showed increased smoothness of the non-affected side.Conclusions: The observed short- and long-term effects on the spatio-temporal organization of upper-limb movements need to be corroborated and extended by further case-control studies.
  •  
48.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Short- and long-term effects of timing training in young people with cerebral palsy : a kinematic approach
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52 (Suppl. 4) Brussles, Belgium May 27-29, 2010. - : Wiley Online library. ; , s. 23-24
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Interactive Metronomea (IM) is a multi-modal integration training method based on rhythmic activation of movements in synchronization with a tone where error feedback is provided via auditory and visual cues. However, there is a need for detailed evaluations of this method to verify functional improvements inCP.Here we explored individual effects of IM in five young individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) of different severity. IM training consisted of a 4-week (12 sessions) individually customised program including bilateral and unilateral movements of upper- and lower-extremities. To establish short- and long-term effects, goal-directed upper-limb movements were examined by using a six optoelectronic camera system (240Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) at three time points, before and at two following occasions (post-test I; post-test II) after IM training. At post-test I, timing ability was improved in the majority of participants. Kinematic analyses revealed shorter total task durations for all but one individual. Reduced segmentation ofmovements and increased velocity, especially on the more distal parts of the upper extremities, were also observed. No effects were evident on cumulative distance, primarily indicating training effects on temporal movement properties. At post-test II, 6 months after post-test I, most of the participantsmaintained their improved timing ability. The observed changes in kinematic properties suggests that timing training is promising for improving motor control in young individuals with CP. Further studies involving larger samples are required to corroborate and extend the present findings, particularly regarding the neural mechanisms involved in mediating motor improvements following IMtraining.
  •  
49.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Spatio-temporal aspects of upper-limb goal-directed movements and relations to perinatal factors in preterm 4-year-old children
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Abstracts of the Europeans Academy of Childhood Disability. - : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 37-37
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: This ongoing quasi-longitudinal study is aimed at the investigation of spatio-temporal properties of goaldirected upper limb movements in 4-year-old children born preterm, compared to age- and sex-matched children born at term. Further, relations between movement quality, in terms of coordination and control, and perinatal factors are of interest.Background: Several studies have shown substantial and persistent motor dysfunction in children born preterm, with no known neurological impairment, at school age. Few studies have, however, investigated parameters related to movement control and coordination and their possible perinatal associations with detailed measurement methods in children at 4 years of age.Design/Method: Performances with the left and right armhand during a unimanual continuous sequential precision task were registered by a 6-camera optoelectronic tracking system (240 Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.). Information with regard to spatial and temporal parameters of the movement trajectories was extracted.Results: Preliminary results from analyses of kinematic data show longer duration and more spatio-temporal segmentations of the movement trajectory in the preterm group compared to their peers. Analyses of associations between kinematic outcome data and perinatal factors will further be investigated.Conclusions: These results indicate that the 4-year-old children born preterm, as compared to term born controls, have affected neuromotor function as indicated by kinematic properties related to coordination and control. Further analyses will reveal whether these findings are associated with specific perinatal factors.
  •  
50.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Timing training in three children with diplegi ccerebral palsy : short- and long-term effects on upper-limb movement organization and functioning
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite the great need of interventions to maintain and improve motor functions in children with diplegic cerebral palsy (DCP), scientific evaluations of existing training methods are rare. This study aimed to explore individual effects of synchronized metronome training (SMT) on motor timing, spatio-temporal movement organization, and subjective experiences of changes in upper-limb functions in three children with DCP. All children participated in an individualized 4-week/12 session SMT training regime. Measurements before training (Pre), after training (Post1), and at 6 months post completed training (Post2) were made by the applied SMT training equipment, optoelectronic registrations of goal-directed upper-limb movements, and a questionnaire assessing subjective experiences of changes in upper-limb functions and usability. In general, the training regime was shown to have little effect on motor timing. However, some positive changes in spatio-temporal movement organization were found. Two children also reported substantial long-lasting positive changes in subjective experiences of hand/arm functionality in terms of increased movement control and reduced muscle tone. For these children, parallel kinematic findings also indicated smoother and faster movement trajectories that remained at Post2. Although highly individualized, the shown improvements in upper-limb kinematics and subjective experiences of improved functionality of the hands/arms for two of the cases warrant further explorations of SMT outcomes in children with DCP.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 101
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (61)
konferensbidrag (30)
rapport (5)
doktorsavhandling (3)
forskningsöversikt (1)
bokkapitel (1)
visa fler...
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (85)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (16)
Författare/redaktör
Domellöf, Erik (18)
Johansson, Anna Mari ... (17)
Rönnqvist, Louise (17)
Hall-Lord, Marie Lou ... (6)
Fjällskog, Marie Lou ... (6)
Hedenfalk, Ingrid (5)
visa fler...
Högbom, Martin (5)
Campbell, Harry (5)
Rudan, Igor (5)
Strachan, David P (5)
Wareham, Nicholas J. (5)
Nilsson, Cecilia (5)
Johansson, Åsa (5)
Surakka, Ida (5)
Kaprio, Jaakko (5)
Jarvelin, Marjo-Riit ... (5)
Gyllensten, Ulf (5)
Wilson, James F. (5)
Zhao, Jing Hua (5)
Khaw, Kay-Tee (4)
Hall-Lord, Marie-Lou ... (4)
Deloukas, Panos (4)
Ripatti, Samuli (4)
Mangino, Massimo (4)
Spector, Tim D. (4)
Barroso, Ines (4)
Johnson, Toby (4)
Loos, Ruth J F (4)
Rantanen, Taina (3)
Berg, Louise (3)
Groop, Leif (3)
Lind, Lars (3)
Johansson, Malin (3)
Hallmans, Göran (3)
Ingelsson, Erik (3)
Rotter, Jerome I. (3)
Albrecht, Eva (3)
Gieger, Christian (3)
Stener-Victorin, Eli ... (3)
Ramasamy, Adaikalava ... (3)
Wright, Alan F. (3)
Sörme, Louise (3)
Mannerås Holm, Louis ... (3)
Hinkula, Jorma (3)
Rivadeneira, Fernand ... (3)
Wain, Louise V (3)
Huffman, Jennifer E (3)
Harris, Tamara B (3)
Koch, Beate (3)
Hofman, Albert (3)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Umeå universitet (30)
Luleå tekniska universitet (23)
Lunds universitet (17)
Uppsala universitet (15)
Karolinska Institutet (14)
Linköpings universitet (11)
visa fler...
Stockholms universitet (9)
Karlstads universitet (9)
Göteborgs universitet (6)
Naturvårdsverket (3)
Chalmers tekniska högskola (3)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (3)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (2)
Högskolan Väst (2)
Örebro universitet (2)
RISE (2)
Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (90)
Svenska (8)
Norska (3)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (43)
Samhällsvetenskap (37)
Naturvetenskap (14)
Teknik (5)
Lantbruksvetenskap (2)
Humaniora (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy