| 1. |
- Hammar, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Unrecognized myocardial infarctions assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance are associated with the severity of the stenosis in the supplying coronary artery
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : BioMed Central. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A previous study has shown an increased prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE CMR) detected unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) with increasing extent and severity of coronary artery disease. However, the coronary artery disease was evaluated on a patient level assuming normal coronary anatomy. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of UMI identified by LGE CMR imaging in patients with stable angina pectoris and no known previous myocardial infarction; and to investigate whether presence of UMI is associated with stenotic lesions in the coronary artery supplying the segment of the myocardium in which the UMI is located, using coronary angiography to determine the individual coronary anatomy in each patient.Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, we included patients with stable angina pectoris and without prior myocardial infarction, scheduled for coronary angiography. A LGE CMR examination was performed prior to the coronary angiography. The study cohort consisted of 235 patients (80 women, 155 men) with a mean age of 64.8 years.Results: UMIs were found in 25 % of patients. There was a strong association between stenotic lesions (>= 70 % stenosis) in a coronary artery and the presence of an UMI in the myocardial segments supplied by the stenotic artery; it was significantly more likely to have an UMI downstream a stenosis >= 70 % as compared to <70 % (OR 5.1, CI 3.1-8.3, p < 0.0001). 56 % of the UMIs were located in the inferior and infero-lateral myocardial segments, despite predominance for stenotic lesions in the left anterior descending artery.Conclusion: UMI is common in patients with stable angina and the results indicate that the majority of the UMIs are of ischemic origin due to severe coronary atherosclerosis. In contrast to what is seen in recognized myocardial infarctions, UMIs are predominately located in the inferior and infero-lateral myocardial segments.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Per-Olov, et al.
(författare)
-
Elcertifikat: En gratislunch för kapitalägare?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Timbro briefing papers.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genom elcertifikatsystemet subventioneras ny förnybar elproduktion av elkonsumenterna.Ett antal olika argument har framförts för att motivera subventioner av förnyelsebar el. Argument som att subventionerna stimulerar den teknologiska utvecklingen, skapar fler arbetstillfällen och ger säkrare eltillförsel har mycket svagt, om ens något, stöd i den akademiska litteraturen.Samhällsekonomiska utvärderingar av subventioner pekar mot att de medför merkostnader för folkhushållet. Det gäller i Europa såväl som i Nordamerika.Det svenska elcertifikatsystemet har även i ett försiktigt basscenario medfört både betydande omfördelningar från elkonsumenter till ägare av vissa typer av kraftverk och merkostnader för elproduktionen i landet.Om syftet med elcertifikatsystemet varit att uppnå ett visst antal terawattimmar förnyelsebar el så hade marknaden uppnått det målet senare men till en lägre kostnad för det svenska folkhushållet.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Per-Olov, et al.
(författare)
-
Emissions trading and taxes an application to airport investment appraisals
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport, Economics and Policy. - : University of Bath, School of Management. - 0022-5258. ; 51:4, s. 249-265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key issue in a cost–benefit assessment of an expansion of an airport is its impact on emissions of greenhouse gases. Both taxes and tradable permits can be used to put a price tag on emissions, but practitioners disagree on how to handle permits. Therefore, the paper offers a section clarifying how to handle permits in cost–benefit analysis, with a more formal treatment in the Appendix. The paper also discusses the impact on the outcome of the evaluation of alternative assumptions regarding how greenhouse gases are internalised. Both optimal Pigouvian taxes and tradable permits are considered.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Johansson, Per-Olov
(författare)
-
On lessons from energy and environmental cost-benefit analysis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625. ; 112, s. 20-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This short paper introduces a few concepts from environmental, energy, and health economics that may be useful in evaluations of infrastructure investment in R&D. These concepts focus on valuing commodities and resource stocks under uncertainty. In particular, households may value a commodity (or a resource stock or a species) even if they never will consume the commodity. This may also be true for services generated by R&D infrastructure. Similarly, there are existence values, i.e., a household may be willing to pay for the saving of an endangered species. This may also be true for some R&D infrastructure, i.e., they may be classified as a (world) heritage. They also generate new medical treatments saving lives as well as curing non-fatal diseases. Health and environmental economists have since long dealt with the valuation of such benefits.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Per-Olov, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Social Cost of Water-Related Disasters
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Water Economics and Policy. - : World Scientific. - 2382-624X .- 2382-6258. ; 1:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is devoted to some important welfare economic issues related to natural disasters, in particular those connected with floods and storms. Our analysis of the social cost of a natural disaster is different from (most) existing analyses, in that we focus sharply on the welfare effects of a disaster. We derive a simple dynamic general equilibrium cost-benefit rule, which captures loss in production of private and public goods, as well as the value of (statistical) lives lost; it also clarifies the role played by changes in stocks and flows, respectively. Standard analysis of losses typically only includes damages to market-priced stocks and flows, thus our model paints a different picture of social cost. This difference is particularly striking for disaster that results in many deaths, but has relatively low (reported) costs. We take our model to the data by using EM-DAT, one of the several prominent databases in this literature, focusing on water-related disasters in the US.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Johansson, Per-Olov, et al.
(författare)
-
Welfare evaluation of subsidies to renewable energy in general equilibrium : Theory and application
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 83, s. 144-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While support schemes to renewable energy are ubiquitous around the world today, there are few systematic welfare evaluations of their social benefits and costs in an economy-wide setting. We develop a general equilibrium cost–benefit rule to assess changes in quantity based subsidy schemes, “green” certificates, that support renewable electricity generation. An advantage to large-scale numerical models of the same issue is that we can go “into the black box” and uncover key economic mechanisms. We study a second-best economy with distorting taxes and pollution, so that a perturbation of the certificate scheme causes both benefits and costs; these items can be uncovered and estimated using our framework. To this end, we provide a user-friendly approximation for empirical implementation, which means that data requirement is modest relative to a typical computable general equilibrium model. We apply the theory to a currently existing scheme in Sweden taking into account “trickle-down” effects, including e.g. a loss of value-added tax income in the rest of the economy and environmental costs (i.e. externalities from electricity generation not currently internalized). We first present an ex post estimate, i.e. the welfare consequences of having scrapped the existing system 2003–2017 and then an ex ante analysis of extending the system to 2045. The latter includes a systematic sensitivity analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulation. Overall, we find net present value gains from removing the subsidy scheme, taking into account externalities, “trickle-down” and public finance repercussions.
|
|
| 13. |
- Wilhelmson, Anna S K, et al.
(författare)
-
Testosterone Protects Against Atherosclerosis in Male Mice by Targeting Thymic Epithelial Cells.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. - 1524-4636. ; 38:7, s. 1519-1527
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgen deprivation therapy has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men. Experimental studies support that testosterone protects against atherosclerosis, but the target cell remains unclear. T cells are important modulators of atherosclerosis, and deficiency of testosterone or its receptor, the AR (androgen receptor), induces a prominent increase in thymus size. Here, we tested the hypothesis that atherosclerosis induced by testosterone deficiency in male mice is T-cell dependent. Further, given the important role of the thymic epithelium for T-cell homeostasis and development, we hypothesized that depletion of the AR in thymic epithelial cells will result in increased atherosclerosis.Prepubertal castration of male atherosclerosis-prone apoE-/- mice increased atherosclerotic lesion area. Depletion of T cells using an anti-CD (cluster of differentiation) 3 antibody abolished castration-induced atherogenesis, demonstrating a role of T cells. Male mice with depletion of the AR specifically in epithelial cells (E-ARKO [epithelial cell-specific AR knockout] mice) showed increased thymus weight, comparable with that of castrated mice. E-ARKO mice on an apoE-/- background displayed significantly increased atherosclerosis and increased infiltration of T cells in the vascular adventitia, supporting a T-cell-driven mechanism. Consistent with a role of the thymus, E-ARKO apoE-/- males subjected to prepubertal thymectomy showed no atherosclerosis phenotype.We show that atherogenesis induced by testosterone/AR deficiency is thymus- and T-cell dependent in male mice and that the thymic epithelial cell is a likely target cell for the antiatherogenic actions of testosterone. These insights may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for safer endocrine treatment of prostate cancer.
|
|
