| 1. |
- Johansson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variance in the adiponutrin gene family and childhood obesity.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The adiponutrin gene family consists of five genes (PNPLA1-5) coding for proteins with both lipolytic and lipogenic properties. PNPLA3 has previously been associated with adult obesity. Here we investigated the possible association between genetic variants in these genes and childhood and adolescent obesity. METHODS/RESULTS: Polymorphisms in the five genes of the adiponutrin gene family were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom platform in a childhood and adolescent obesity case-control study. Six variants in PNPLA1 showed association with obesity (rs9380559, rs12212459, rs1467912, rs4713951, rs10947600, and rs12199580, p<0.05 after adjustment for age and gender). Three variants in PNPLA3 showed association with obesity before, but not after, adjustment for age and gender (rs139051, rs12483959, and rs2072907, p>0.05). When analyzing these SNPs in relation to phenotypes, two SNPs in the PNPLA3 gene showed association with insulin sensitivity (rs12483959: beta = -0.053, p = 0.016, and rs2072907: beta = -0.049, p = 0.024). No associations were seen for PNPLA2, PNPLA4, and PNPLA5. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in the adiponutrin gene family does not seem to contribute strongly to obesity in children and adolescents. PNPLA1 exhibited a modest effect on obesity and PNPLA3 on insulin sensitivity. These data, however, require confirmation in other cohorts and ethnic groups.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Pernilla, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimised sample handling in association with use of the CMA 600 analyser
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. - : Elsevier. - 0731-7085 .- 1873-264X. ; 48:5, s. 940-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large degree of variability for batched analysis of serially collected microdialysis samples measured with the CMA 600 analyser has been described. This study was designed to identify sources of variability related to sample handling. Standard concentrations of four solutes were placed in microdialysis vials and then stored and analysed at intervals. Results were analysed for variability related to vial and cap type, duration and temperature of storage, centrifugation and re-analysis. The main results were that centrifugation of samples reduced variability. When a batch of 24 samples was analysed, the use of crimp caps reduced evaporation. Samples in glass vials with crimp caps could be stored in a refrigerator for up to 14 days without large variability in concentration compared to plastic vials which demonstrated variability already when stored for more than 1 day. We conclude that variability in microdialysis results can occur in relation to storage and analysis routines if routines are not optimised concerning evaporation. Centrifugation before analyses, glass vials with crimp caps even during frozen storage, and attention to minimal times for samples to be uncapped during analysis all contribute to minimise variability in the handling and analysis of microdialysis samples.
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| 3. |
- Ahlström, Katarina, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic responses in ischemic myocardium after inhalation of carbon monoxide.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. - : Wiley. - 1399-6576 .- 0001-5172. ; 53:8, s. 1036-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To clarify the mechanisms of carbon monoxide (CO) tissue-protective effects, we studied energy metabolism in an animal model of acute coronary occlusion and pre-treatment with CO. METHODS: In anesthetized pigs, a coronary snare and microdialysis probes were placed. CO (carboxyhemoglobin 5%) was inhaled for 200 min in test animals, followed by 40 min of coronary occlusion. Microdialysate was analyzed for lactate and glucose, and myocardial tissue samples were analyzed for adenosine tri-phosphate, adenosine di-phosphate, and adenosine mono-phosphate. RESULTS: Lactate during coronary occlusion was approximately half as high in CO pre-treated animals and glucose levels decreased to a much lesser degree during ischemia. Energy charge was no different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: CO in the low-doses tested in this model results in a more favorable energy metabolic condition in that glycolysis is decreased in spite of maintained energy charge. Further work is warranted to clarify the possible mechanistic role of energy metabolism for CO protection.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad 2020De kommande 15 åren står institutionen för Bygg- och miljöteknik inför stora förändringar. Därför har institutionen initierat projektet Framtidsbilder 2020 där man engagerat en framtidspanel bestående av elva yngre disputerade forskare. Arbetet inleddes med ett breddgruppsmöte där 110 personer representerande institutionens personal och studenter deltog. Vid mötet identifierades ett antal trender och osäkra utvecklingar som påverkar framtiden inom samhällsbyggnadsområdet. Deltagarna bidrog också med idéer till en önskvärd utveckling, vilket har sammanställts och utgör grunden till en gemensam önskvärd framtid/vision för institutionen. Materialet från breddgruppsmötet har bearbetats av Framtidspanelen och resulterat i fyra scenarier som beskriver hur samhällsbyggnadsområdet kan se ut år 2020. Syftet med framtidsbilderna är att de ska vara vägledande för institutionens beslut och förhållningssätt under de kommande åren.Fyra scenarierTurning TorsoSamhället präglas av en ekonomi som är på uppgång, och av ett nytänkande och öppet samhälle. Materiell status och individualism är viktigt. Detta leder till en hög arbetsbelastning samt krav på exklusiva varor av hög kvali-tet. Det finns en stor medvetenhet om miljöpåverkan och klimatförändringar och lösningarna för att klara energiförsörjningen är innovativa.Eco-metropolenDet sveper en grön våg genom dagens samhälle. Under de senaste 15 åren har vi insett att jorden skall vara en bebolig plats även åt dem som kommer efter oss. Vi söker ständigt efter nya, mer förfinade metoder att tillvarata de resurser vi har. Samhället och individen är i balans. Ekonomin är god och vi är miljömedvetna, trygga och integrerade. Nytänkande premieras och icke- materialistiska värderingar står högt i kurs. Vi tänker individuellt, men agerar mer än gärna för kollektivets bästa. Utbildning är gratis TrädgårdsstadenEtt samhälle där vi lärt oss hantera stress, men känner oss otrygga och helst umgås i slutna sociala sammanhang. Vi bor enkelt inne i stan, eller gärna på landsbygden nära storstäderna. Minskade behov av högutbildade i samhället gör att vi har svårt att rekrytera studenter till teknikutbildningar. Det traditionella tankesättet leder till kulturkrockar med företag och personer från andra länder.Gated communitiesFörsämrad ekonomi och ökad egoism har lett fram till ett stressat, otryggt och segregerat samhälle. Accelererande klimatförändringar och ökad miljö-påverkan skrämmer oss, men trots det åtgärdar vi inte problemen, utan koncentrerar oss på konsekvenserna. Arbetslöshet i samhällsbyggnadssek-torn leder till sänkt status för samhällsbyggaren. Vi har därför svårt att rekrytera studenter, och även forskningen har låg status.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Fysikaliska faktorer
- 2008
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Ingår i: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor. - 9789173650373 ; , s. 191-307
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Factors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work and Technology on Human Terms. - 9789173650588 ; , s. 191-306
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Claesson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of intestinal preconditioning in a porcine model using classic ischemic preconditioning or lung recruitment maneuvers.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Shock. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1073-2322 .- 1540-0514. ; 21:1, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test the hypotheses that repeated brief intestinal ischemic insults would elicit an intestinal preconditioning response to a subsequent intestinal I/R injury and that a similar response would be elicited by repeated lung recruitment maneuvers (RMs). Randomized experimental controlled animal study. University hospital animal laboratory. Eighteen anesthetized pigs. Animals were randomized to one of three groups, with six animals in each group. Control group 75-min superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion followed by 60-min reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning group, three 5-min-long SMA occlusions preceding 75-min SMA occlusion and 60-min reperfusion. Recruitment maneuver (RM) group, three 2-min-long RMs preceding 75-min SMA occlusion and 60-min reperfusion. We measured systemic and mesenteric hemodynamic parameters, jejunal mucosal perfusion, net mesenteric lactate flux, jejunal tissue oxygen tension, and mesenteric oxygenation. Every 15 min, jejunal microdialysate samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, lactate, and glycerol. Jejunal tissue samples were collected postmortem. After occlusion of SMA, regional parameters in all groups indicated abolished perfusion and gradually increasing intraluminal microdialysate lactate and glycerol levels. At reperfusion, regional parameters indicated mesenteric hyperperfusion, whereas microdialysis markers of mucosal anaerobic metabolism and cell injury decreased, although not reaching baseline. Histological examination revealed severe mucosal injury in all groups. There were no significant differences between groups in the observed parameters. No protective preconditioning response could be observed when performing repeated brief intestinal ischemic insults or repeated lung RMs before an intestinal I/R injury.
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| 9. |
- Gluch, Pernilla, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöbarometern för bygg- och fastighetssektorn 2006 - en kartläggning av sektorns miljöarbete
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien har kartlagt företagens syn på miljöutmaningen, responsen på densamma samt resultatet av genomfört miljöarbete. Enkätstudien som genomfördes under hösten 2006 riktades till miljöansvariga i inom svensk bygg- och fastighetssektor, av totalt 542 företag svarade 246. Resultaten visar att företagen upplever att miljöproblemen minskat något eller varit oförändrade under den senaste fyraårsperioden, men också att sektorn fortfarande kämpar med energifrågan och bruk av ej förnyelsebara material. Företagen fortsätter dessutom att lägga resurser på avfallshantering och miljöledningssystem. Företagen uppskattar att de främst uppnått resultat inom källsortering och kemikalieanvändning. I grova drag har bygg- och fastighetsföretagen under den senaste perioden satsat ännu mer på det man redan satsat mycket på. Resultaten visar att hindren för att göra gröna affärer idag upplevs mer framträdande, vilket lett till att fler tappat tron på marknadsmekanismer som lösning på problemen. Istället har lagstiftande åtgärder som främsta lösning stärkts. Under perioden har konceptet hållbar utveckling fått genomslag, även om det hittills inte påverkat organiseringen av arbetet i företagen. Slutsatsen som dras är att företagen inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn har ett aktivt miljöarbete men att utvecklingen på området uppvisar en viss utvecklingströghet. Studien identifierar sex möjliga orsaker till denna tröghet vilka presenteras i rapporten.
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| 10. |
- Gluch, Pernilla, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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What makes it slow? A questionnaire survey of environmental attitudes, management and performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: 4th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organisation, 14th-15th June 2007, Luleå, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last two decades the Swedish building industry has made much effort to develop green building practices. Researchers within the field have provided theoretical knowledge on how to design green buildings and analytical environmental management tools have been developed to guide practitioners. Information campaigns have raised the general environmental awareness among building practitioners. In spite of these efforts, mainstream building practices do not seem to have undergone any marked changes. This raises the question of how environmental issues actually are dealt with in the building industry. Has the development stagnated and, if so, why? What causes green innovation inertia in the Swedish building industry? What makes it slow? This paper provides some answers to these questions by empirically examining environmental attitudes, management and performance in the industry. The paper is based on a structured questionnaire survey directed to environmental managers at all companies in Sweden with at least 50 employees within technical consultants, building constructors, and property owners and managers and companies with at least 20 employees within architecture. The response rate was 45.4% which corresponds to 246 respondents. The study detects possible causes to deficiencies and creates larger understanding as to why the development, despite much effort, sometimes does not go in the direction as intended by top management. Focusing on relations between the definition of environmental challenge, measures adopted and results from measures, the paper identifies trends and institutionalising processes that hinder sustainable development within the building industry.
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| 11. |
- Holst, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Subcellular distribution of spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cell Biology International. - : Wiley. - 1095-8355 .- 1065-6995. ; 32:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subcellular distribution of the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) was studied in L56Br-C1 cells treated with 10muM N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) for 24h. Cells were fractioned into three subcellular fractions. A particulate fraction containing the mitochondria was denoted as the mitochondrial fraction. After DENSPM treatment, an increase in SSAT activity was mainly found in the mitochondrial fraction. Western blot analysis showed an increased level of the SSAT protein in the mitochondrial fraction compared to the cytosolic fraction. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold labeling transmission electron microscopy also showed a mitochondrial association of SSAT. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum was devoid of ribosomes in DENSPM-treated cells, in contrast to control cells that contained ample ribosomes. An increased SSAT activity in connection with the mitochondria may be part of the mechanism of DENSPM-induced apoptosis.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between PPARG Pro12Ala and ADIPOQ G276T concerning cholesterol levels in childhood obesity.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 4, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of two candidate gene polymorphisms for insulin resistance and lipid levels in obese children and adolescents. Methods. Two markers of insulin resistance and lipid levels, Pro12Ala in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG) and G276T in adiponectin (ADIPOQ), were genotyped in 285 obese children and adolescents. As the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms C112R and R158C are known to have a profound impact on lipid levels in both children and adults, results were adjusted for APOE genotype. Results. We found no association for PPARG or ADIPOQ polymorphisms with Body Mass Index (BMI), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides or Insulin Resistance estimated by Homeostasis Model of Assessment (HOMA-IR). Wild type carriers of PPARG Pro12Ala (p<0.05), homozygous carriers of the variant allele of ADIPOQ G276T (p<0.001) and epsilon4 carriers of APOE (p<0.001) had higher total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels adjusted for age, gender, BMI and insulin sensitivity. A PPARG/ADIPOQ risk genotype combination was identified by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) comparing all existing combinations. Carriers of PPARG Pro/Pro and ADIPOQ 276 T/T had higher total (5.0 [4.1-5.8] vs. 4.1 [3.6-4.6]mmol/l) and LDL-cholesterol levels (3.7 [2.9-4.5] vs. 3.0 [2.5-3.5]mmol/l) compared with carriers of other combinations (p<0.001). Importantly, the PPARG and ADIPOQ associations were unaffected when adjusting for APOE genotype. Conclusions. Genetic variants in candidate genes for insulin resistance are associated with cholesterol levels in obese children and adolescents, and may offer additional information in the risk assessment of obese children.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Pernilla
(författare)
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Critical Moisture Conditions for Mould Growth on Building Materials
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Materials that are stored or used in damp climates may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible to mould growth. For each specific material, there is a critical moisture level. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. In a building, different constructions are exposed to different climatic conditions. To minimise the risk of microbial growth, building materials should be chosen that are tolerant to the expected climatic conditions. In this study, the critical moisture levels for ten building materials were evaluated in constant climates, favourable for mould growth, in the laboratory. Samples of the building materials were inoculated with mould spores and incubated in climate chambers at different relative humidities and temperatures; growth of mould was analysed weekly for at least 12 weeks. In order to verify that the laboratory test is relevant also for real life conditions a field study was performed where pieces of the same materials as in the laboratory test were placed in three outdoor ventilated crawl spaces and three outdoor ventilated attics, where the climate was varying, and mould growth on the test pieces was studied over 2.5 years. Material specific mould growth curves were produced based on critical moisture levels. Overall, there was agreement between the laboratory test and the field study. When the climate in a test site exceeded the mould growth limit curves, there was also mould growth on the test pieces if the time was sufficiently long. One of the conclusions is that two similar building materials or products may have considerably different resistance to mould growth, and so the results from one type of building material cannot be applied to the other. Also, in order to compare results from different tests, it is important that the same test method is used. It is also important to state the temperature at which the critical moisture level applies and how long the material is exposed to the climatic conditions during the test. Antoher conclusion from the study is that although conditions in laboratory studies are simplified and accelerated, the results serves well to indicate mould growth in within a building construction. The methodology, as well as experiences and conclusions, from the laboratory test were used when formulating a new test method for determining the critical moisture level of a building material.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal path model of psychological workload, fatigue and neck/shoulder symptoms among female childcare workers.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work. ; 32:2, s. 219-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to test a path model of the relation between psychological workload and neck/shoulder symptoms with general fatigue as a proposed mediating variable. In this longitudinal two-wave cohort study a questionnaire survey was conducted among female childcare workers. The analyses were based on initially symptom free participants (n=388). Two models were tested, with fatigue at baseline and at follow-up as the proposed mediators, respectively. The results indicate that appraised psychological workload is related to the development of symptoms measured at an 18-month follow-up. The results further indicate that this relation may be partially mediated by general fatigue (also measured at follow-up). The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of the psychosocial workload in the development of neck/shoulder symptoms among childcare workers. This means that in addition to workplace ergonomic interventions it is important also to pay attention to the psychosocial conditions in order to reduce these symptoms.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological and physical workload and the development of musculoskeletal symptoms among female child-care workers.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational Ergonomics. ; 4:7, s. 275-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to test a structural model of the relations between psychological and mechanical workload and musculoskeletal neck/shoulder symptoms. This two-wave longitudinal cohort study was based on a questionnaire survey among Swedish female child-care workers (n = 789). Two models were tested using structural equation modelling, one containing only those participants considered symptom free at baseline, thus focusing on symptom development, and one containing all participants irrespective of their baseline musculoskeletal status. The results indicate that psychological workload was related to the development of neck/shoulder symptoms, and thus highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial work environment factors in organization design and workplace interventions. However, psychological workload was not related to symptoms (when controlling for baseline mechanical workload and symptoms) in the model not distinguishing between different symptoms processes. These findings point to the importance of distinguishing between different processes such as development, maintenance and recovery from symptoms in studies of workplace factors and
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| 25. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological and physical workload and the development of musculoskeletal symptoms among female elderly-care workers.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Ergonomics Open Journal. ; 1, s. 34-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between psychological and physical workload and musculoskeletal neck, shoulder and upper back symptoms. In this longitudinal two-phase cohort study a survey was conducted among non-managerial female elderly-care workers (n = 553). The analyses were based on respondents who were considered free from the respective symptoms at initial ratings, resulting in study samples of n = 230 for neck symptoms, n = 211 for shoulder symptoms, n = 400 for upper back symptoms, and n = 204 for low back symptoms. The results indicate that psychological workload is related to the development of musculoskeletal (neck and upper back) symptoms measured at an 18-month follow-up, both in itself and in combination with physical workload. The most important finding was that psychological workload shows significant temporal relations to neck and upper back symptoms.
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| 26. |
- Larsman, Pernilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of decision latitude, psychological load and support at work on the development of neck, shoulder and low back symptoms among female human service organization workers
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. ; 39:2, s. 442-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate longitudinal relations between decision latitude, psychological workload and social support and musculoskeletal neck, shoulder and low back symptoms. In this longitudinal two-wave cohort study a questionnaire survey was conducted among female human service organization workers (n=1690). The analyses were based on respondents who were considered free from the respective symptoms at baseline measurements, resulting in study samples of n=741 for neck symptoms, n=670 for shoulder symptoms, and n=640 for low back symptoms. In general support was found for the job demand-control-(support) model. High strain work (high psychological load coupled with low decision latitude) in combination with low social support ("iso-strain") was related to increased risks of developing symptoms (occurence of new episode) in all the body regions studied (neck, shoulder and low back). Relevance to industry: The results indicate that, in order to minimize the occurence of musculoskeletal symptoms, it is important to ensure that employees have adequate levels of decision latitude, to keep the workload at optimal levels, and to provide supervisor support and structures that facilitate coworker support.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Nilsson, Pernilla, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Distribuerad case-metodik i ingenjörsutbildningen
- 2009
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Ingår i: Den 2:a Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar. - Lund : Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Genombrottet. ; , s. 71-73, s. 71-73
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is based on a project in which an academic developer worked as a critical friend for a group of engineering in order to stimulate their collaboration and their reflection on their own teaching and learning as a way of developing their scholarship of teaching. The project was built on collaboration between three different universities, Halmstad, Örebro and Skövde and reports on how teachers, as well as the students collaborative learning experiences.
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| 30. |
- Palmqvist, Py, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of hormone and cytokine-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 is associated with increased osteoprotegerin and decreased RANKL and RANK in a STAT6-dependent pathway.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 281:5, s. 2414-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are cytokines that inhibit bone resorption. Data showing an inhibitory effect of IL-4 and IL-13 on RANK mRNA in mouse calvariae were first reported at the 22nd American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Meeting (Lerner, U.H., and Conaway, H. H. 2000) J. Bone Min. Res. 15, Suppl. 1, Abstr. SU 230). In the present study, release of 45Ca from cultured mouse calvarial bones stimulated by different cytokines, peptides, and steroid hormones was inhibited by IL-4 and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and RANK mRNA and increased osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA in calvariae. Additionally, the cytokines decreased RANKL protein and increased OPG protein in calvarial bones. In osteoblasts isolated from calvariae, both an increase in RANKL mRNA and a decrease in OPG mRNA and protein elicited by vitamin D3 were reversed by IL-4 and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive multinucleated cells and the mRNA expression of calcitonin receptor, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and cathepsin K in mouse spleen cells and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL. Inhibition of mRNA for RANK and the transcription factor NFAT2 was also noted in spleen cell and BMM cultures treated with IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, RANK mRNA and RANK protein were decreased by IL-4 and IL-13 in RAW 264.7 cells. Osteoblasts, spleen cells, and BMM expressed mRNA for the four proteins making up the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors. No effects by IL-4 on bone resorption and osteoclast formation or on RANKL and RANK mRNA expression were seen in Stat6-/- mice. The data indicate that IL-4 and IL-13, via a STAT6-dependent pathway, inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by activating receptors on osteoblasts and osteoclasts that affect the RANKL/RANK/OPG system.
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| 31. |
- Sällsten, Gerd, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental wood smoke exposure in humans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inhalation Toxicology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0895-8378 .- 1091-7691. ; 18:11, s. 855-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies are used to evaluate effects of human exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated ambient particles. This article describes a system for studying exposure of humans to wood smoke. Wood smoke was generated using a wood stove placed outside an exposure chamber that can hold at least 10 subjects. A partial flow of the generated wood smoke from the stove was mixed with filtered indoor air. Personal and stationary measurements were performed of PM2.5 and PM1 mass concentrations and various volatile organic compounds (VOCs): 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and aldehydes. In addition, particulate matter ( PM) mass, number concentrations, and size distributions of particles (0.007 - 6.7 mu m), as well as nitrous oxides, CO2, and CO, were measured online. Filters were analyzed for trace elements and black smoke. Polycyclic aromatic compounds, toluene, and xylenes were determined in stationary samples. Results of the first experiment showed no differences between personal and stationary measurements for particles or VOCs. Consequently, stationary measurements can be used to predict personal exposure. All PM mass ( about 250 mu g/m(3)) was in the PM1 fraction. Subjective symptoms were generally weak, while clear objective signs were found, for example, in biomarkers of inflammation. With careful control of the combustion process, relatively constant mass and number concentrations were obtained over each exposure session. By varying the combustion and dilution of the wood smoke, different exposure scenarios can be achieved and thus, knowledge about which of the properties of particles and gaseous compounds are crucial for the effects.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Åberg, Anna-Maja, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon monoxide concentration in donated blood : relation to cigarette smoking and other sources
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 0041-1132 .- 1537-2995. ; 49:2, s. 347-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) is normally present in the human body due to endogenous production of CO. CO can also be inhaled by exposure to external sources such as cigarette smoke, car exhaust, and fire. The purpose of this study was to investigate CO concentrations in blood from 410 blood donors at the blood center in Umea, Sweden. To further evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on CO concentrations, the elimination time for CO was examined in six volunteer smokers after a smoked cigarette. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood samples from whole blood donors were obtained during the blood center's routine operation. In connection with blood donations, demographic and behavioral data were collected from the donors. The CO concentration was determined using gas chromatography. RESULTS: The majority of blood donors had approximately the same CO concentration (mean, 84.5 micromol/L). In 6 percent of the samples, the concentrations were higher than 130 micromol per L. The highest CO concentration was 561 micromol per L. The main source for these high CO concentrations appeared to be cigarette smoking. In the volunteer smokers, the elimination time after a smoked cigarette varied significantly, with elimination half-lives from 4.7 to 8.4 hours. CONCLUSION: These results show that blood bank red blood cell bags may have CO concentrations above the physiologic level. The time interval between cigarette smoking and blood donation seems to be a particularly important factor for elevated CO concentrations.
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| 35. |
- Åberg, Anna-Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Does carbon monoxide treatment alter cytokine levels after endotoxin infusion in pigs? : A randomized controlled study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-9255. ; 5, s. 13.-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties, but data seem to be contradictory and species-specific. Thus, in studies on macrophages and mice, pretreatment with CO attenuated the inflammatory response after endotoxin exposure. On the other hand, human studies showed no effect of CO on the inflammatory response. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of CO has been shown at concentrations above 10% carboxyhaemoglobin. This study was undertaken to elucidate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of CO at lower CO concentrations. METHODS: Effects of CO administration on cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and IL-10) release were investigated in a porcine model in which a systemic inflammatory response syndrome was induced by endotoxin infusion. Endotoxin was infused in 20 anaesthetized and normoventilated pigs. Ten animals were targeted with inhaled CO to maintain 5% COHb, and 10 animals were controls. RESULTS: In the control group, mean pulmonary artery pressure increased from a baseline value of 17 mmHg (mean, n = 10) to 42 mmHg (mean, n = 10) following 1 hour of endotoxin infusion. Similar mean pulmonary artery pressure values were found in animals exposed to carbon monoxide. Plasma levels of all of the measured cytokines increased in response to the endotoxin infusion. The largest increase was observed in TNF-alpha, which peaked after 1.5 hours at 9398 pg/ml in the control group and at 13395 pg/ml in the carbon monoxide-exposed group. A similar peak was found for IL-10 while the IL-6 concentration was maximal after 2.5 hours. IL-1beta concentrations increased continuously during the experiment. There were no significant differences between carbon monoxide-exposed animals and controls in any of the measured cytokines. CONCLUSION: Our conclusion is that 5% COHb does not modify the cytokine response following endotoxin infusion in pigs.
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| 36. |
- Öhlund, Inger, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Diet intake and caries prevalence in four-year-old children living in a low-prevalence country.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Caries Research. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 41:1, s. 26-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventive measures have dramatically decreased the prevalence of dental caries in children. However, risk factors for the disease in children living in low-prevalence areas remain elusive. In the present study we evaluated associations between dental caries, saliva levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, and diet with special emphasis on the intake of fermentable carbohydrates and dairy products in 4-year-old children living in an area where the overall caries prevalence was low. Dietary intake was recorded in 234 infants as part of the Study of Infant Nutrition in Umea, Sweden (SINUS). Of these the parents of 124 children gave consent to participate in a follow-up at 4 years of age. Dietary intake, height and weight, dental caries, oral hygiene, including tooth brushing habits, presence of plaque and gingival inflammation, fluoride habits and numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva were recorded. Using multivariate stepwise logistic regression, caries experience was negatively associated with intake frequency of cheese (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.44-0.98) and positively associated with the salivary level of mutans streptococci (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.21-2.03). Caries experience was not correlated with intake frequency or amounts of carbohydrate-containing foods, with any other particular food, or with daily intake of energy, carbohydrate or any other macro- or micronutrient. We conclude that cheese intake may have a caries-protective effect in childhood populations where the overall caries prevalence and caries experience are low and the children are regularly exposed to fluoride from toothpaste.
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