| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Wemming, Hannes, 1984-
(författare)
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Experiments and Modelling of Composite–Aluminium Bolted Joints
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aeronautical industry has always strived towards weight-efficient structures since they improve aircraft performance, enable more fuel or payload, reduce cost of manufacturing and operating the aircraft, and reduce the fuel consumption and emissions. Modern airframes are often built in materials with high strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratio, such as aluminium or fibre composites. Fibre composite materials are becoming increasingly common, requiring bolted joints between composite and aluminium parts. Bolted joints are often weak points in the structure, and understanding their mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and strength is of great importance for designing aircraft that are safe to fly. The aim of the research presented in this licentiate thesis is to improve the understanding of shear-loaded, composite–aluminium, bolted joints in terms of structural compliance, deformation, load distribution, strength and failure, by performing experiments and developing simulation models that describe those experiments. Experiments are performed where the optical digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to measure the deformation of the test specimen surface during quasistatic load application until specimen failure. The DIC method enables more detailed deformation measurements compared to traditional methods. Data processing algorithms for noise reduction of DIC measurement data are developed and the results are used in a novel way to detect beginning bearing damage within the material by observing the specimen surface. The experimental DIC data is used for adapting models, where the goal is to create a structural element that represents a fastener. A structural element is computationally efficient and suitable for implementation in large scale models of airframe structures in an industrial context. A model is proposed and the selection of parameters for this model are investigated. The parameters are identified by fitting to experimental data. This licentiate thesis is divided into two parts, where the first part gives an introduction and background to the research, while the second part consists of two appended papers.
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| 3. |
- Acke, Filip, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the platinum-support interaction on the direct reduction of NOx under lean conditions
- 1998
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Ingår i: Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. - 0167-2991. ; 116, s. 285-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Catalysts containing Pt supported on SiC, Al2O3 and ZSM-5 were prepared and studied for NOx reduction by C3H6 in Oz excess under transient (temperature ramps) and steady-state conditions. The maximum NOx reduction activity in the heating ramp experiments was similar for Pt/SiC and Pt/ZSM-5, while Pt/Al2O3 showed higher maximum activity. Both N-2 and N2O formation was observed for all catalysts, although the respective amounts varied with the investigated system. Highest Nz selectivity was observed for Pt/Al2O3. When the NOx reduction activity was studied under steady-state conditions the activity of Pt/Al2O3 decreased substantially (mainly due to a loss in N-2 production). Pt/ZSM-5 became somewhat more selective towards Na production whereas the activity and selectivity of Pt/SiC remained at about the same values as far the heating ramp experiments. Adsorbed species on the surface of the different catalysts were investigated using in-situ FTIR in order to obtain information about the reaction mechanisms. The adsorption of species on Pt/SiC was negligible, while a number of absorption bands were observed for Pt/Al2O3 (N and C containing species, and -NCO) and Pt/ZSM-5 (HC).
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Att jämföra koldioxid och metan – varför GWP inte ger hela bilden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Uppsalainiativet.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eftersom det finns fler växthusgaser än en, så behöver vi kunna göra relevanta jämförelser mellan utsläpp av olika sådana. Hur stort metanutsläpp orsakar lika mycket förhöjd växthuseffekt som en given mängd koldioxid? Frågan är mer komplicerad än man kanske först anar, och vi har idag glädjen att presentera ett gästinlägg om saken av Chalmersforskarna Christian Azar, David Bryngelsson, Daniel Johansson, Erik Sterner och Stefan Wirsenius. /O.H.
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| 6. |
- Bryngelsson, David, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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How Do Dietary Choices Influence the Energy-System Cost of Stabilizing the Climate?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how different global dietary scenarios affect the constraints on, and costs of, transforming the energy system to reach a global temperature stabilization limit of 2 degrees C above the pre-industrial level. A global food and agriculture model, World Food Supply Model (WOFSUM), is used to create three dietary scenarios and to calculate the CH4 and N2O emissions resulting from their respective food-supply chains. The diets are: (i) a reference diet based on current trends; (ii) a diet with high (reference-level) meat consumption, but without ruminant products (i.e., no beef, lamb, or dairy, only pork and poultry); and (iii) a vegan diet. The estimated CH4 and N2O emissions from food production are fed into a coupled energy and climate-system optimization model to quantify the energy system implications of the different dietary scenarios, given a 2 degrees C target. The results indicate that a phase-out of ruminant products substantially increases the emission space for CO2 by about 250 GtC which reduces the necessary pace of the energy system transition and cuts the net present value energy-system mitigation costs by 25%, for staying below 2 degrees C. Importantly, the additional cost savings with a vegan diet--beyond those achieved with a phase-out of ruminant products--are marginal (only one additional percentage point). This means that a general reduction of meat consumption is a far less effective strategy for meeting the 2 degrees C target than a reduction of beef and dairy consumption.
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| 7. |
- Chadwick, D., et al.
(författare)
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Digital inclusion and participation of people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19 : A rapid review and international bricolage
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - : Wiley. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 19:3, s. 242-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has meant a rapid transfer of everyday activities to the online world. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have become more embedded than ever in people's lives. This investigation addresses how this change has affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). A two-step design was used. A rapid review was conducted on empirical studies published between January 2019 and June 2021. Search terms related to ID, ICT use and COVID-19. A qualitative international bricolage was also conducted corresponding to author nationalities. Data gathered from the review and bricolage were analysed separately using thematic analysis and relationally synthesised. Digital solutions to provide access to COVID-19 information and guidance seemed inadequate but were seldom empirically studied. Digital poverty, literacy and exclusion remain significant issues for people with ID internationally. People and their carers experienced reduced and removed service provision, loneliness and impoverished daily lives during the pandemic; amelioration of which was facilitated by digital solutions. One solution often used was videoconferencing. Prior experience of digital participation, adequate finances, connection, support and digital literacy mentoring for both people with ID and those providing services and support facilitated digital inclusion. Digital exclusion during COVID-19 was exacerbated by sociopolitical, structural, individual and support-related barriers. Although awareness of digital exclusion appears to have been raised, the extent to which this has led to action and change remains unclear. Despite digital exclusion and digital participation benefitting continuation of life, social and emotional well-being and autonomy, COVID-19 has not provided the impetus to eradicate digital poverty for people with ID. Governmental support, digital education, creativity and problem solving are required to enable people with ID the human right to be included in the digital world at this essential time and into the future.
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| 8. |
- de Peppo, Giuseppe Maria, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Osteogenic response of human mesenchymal stem cells to well-defined nanoscale topography in vitro
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of nanomedicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1176-9114 .- 1178-2013. ; 9:1, s. 2499-2515
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patterning medical devices at the nanoscale level enables the manipulation of cell behavior and tissue regeneration, with topographic features recognized as playing a significant role in the osseointegration of implantable devices. Methods: In this study, we assessed the ability of titanium-coated hemisphere-like topographic nanostructures of different sizes (approximately 50, 100, and 200 nm) to influence the morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We found that the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was influenced by the size of the underlying structures, suggesting that size variations in topographic features at the nanoscale level, independently of chemistry, can be exploited to control hMSC behavior in a size-dependent fashion. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrate that colloidal lithography, in combination with coating technologies, can be exploited to investigate the cell response to well defined nanoscale topography and to develop next-generation surfaces that guide tissue regeneration and promote implant integration.
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| 9. |
- Fridell, Erik, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of NOx storage catalysts
- 1997
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Ingår i: 4th International Congress on Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control (CAPoC4) in Brussels, Belgium, April 9-11, 1997.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Fridell, Erik, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations of NOx storage catalysts
- 1998
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Ingår i: Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. - 0167-2991. ; 116, s. 537-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NOx storage catalysts are used to reduce nitrogen oxides from lean-burn vehicles. The nitrogen oxides are stored in the catalyst during lean conditions and subsequently released and reduced during short periods of rich conditions. In the present study, we systematically investigate the sequence of elementary steps in the NOx reduction cycle, and the extent to which these steps influence the maximum NOx, reduction potential of the catalyst. As a model system, we use barium oxide as the NOx, storing compound in a Pt/Rh/Al2O3 system. Kinetics of NO oxidation, NO and NO2 adsorption, NO and NO2 release and reduction are studied under controlled conditions with systematic variations of temperature, gas composition, and storing/release times. The transient experiments comprise a storing phase using a lean NO/C3H6/O2/N2 gas mixture, and a regenerating phase where the O2 now is turned off. Experimentally, a significant amount of NOx is found to be stored in the Ba-containing material. A maximum in NOx storage is observed around 380 degrees C. For most of the experiments, there are clear NO and NO2 desorption peaks upon switching from the storing to the regeneration phase. TPD studies of NO and NO2 reveal a significant difference between prereduced and pre-oxidised samples where the former produce predominantly N2 and N2O at around 200 degrees C while NO and O2 desorb from the latter around 500 degrees C. In situ FTIR spectra show nitrate peaks in the region 1300-1400 cm(-1) when NOx is stored under lean conditions.
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| 11. |
- Fridell, Erik, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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NOx storage in barium-containing catalysts
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 183:2, s. 196-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of key parameters on the characteristics of barium oxide-based NOx storage catalysts was systematically investigated. Model Pt/BaO/Al2O3, BaO/Al2O3, Pt–Rh/Al2O3, and Pt–Rh/BaO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and evaluated with respect to NOx storage capacity using transient flow reactor studies, temperature-programmed desorption studies (TPD), and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy. The influence of temperature, storage and regeneration times, NOx source (NO or NO2), oxygen concentration, reducing agent (C3H6, C3H8, CO, or H2), and carbon dioxide concentration onNOx storage capacity was studied. Significant amounts of NOx were found to be stored in the catalysts containing both barium oxide and noble metals. For these catalysts the following observations were made: (1) maximum NOx storage was observed at about 380C;(2) around this temperature no significant differences between NO and NO2 on NOx storage capacity could be observed;(3) a slow increase in stored NOx could be observed with increasing oxygen concentration during the lean phase;(4) significant NOx desorption peaks, mainly of NO, were observed immediately after the switch from lean to rich conditions; and (5) at about 380±C the in situ FTIR spectra show characteristic nitrate peaks in the region 1300–1400 cm¡1 when NOx was stored under lean conditions and isocyanate peaks around 2230 cm-1 when the catalysts were regenerated under rich conditions in the presence of hydrocarbons. The step leading to stored NOx is believed to involve NO2 and the presence of atomic oxygen. During the rich period, the noble metal surfaces are probably reduced, leading to breakthrough peaks when NO desorbs.
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| 12. |
- Güsten, R., et al.
(författare)
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APEX - The Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 6267 I
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- APEX, the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment, has been successfully commissioned and is in operation now. This novel submillimeter telescope is located at 5107 m altitude on Llano de Chajnantor in the Chilean High Andes, on what is considered one of the world's outstanding sites for submillimeter astronomy. The primary reflector with 12 m diameter has been carefully adjusted by means of holography. Its surface smoothness of 17-18 μm makes APEX suitable for observations up to 200 μm, through all atmospheric submm windows accessible from the ground.
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| 13. |
- Hedenus, Fredrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Future food consumption and climate change - are dietary shifts required?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Stockholm Futures Conference. Our future in the making.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The FAO predicts a major increase in global animal food consumption to 2050. In this paper we investigate the climate effect of such a dietary shift. At present, food is responsible for 25-30% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast to the energy sector, the main way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production seems to be through general productivity improvements, rather than from specific technological and agronomic mitigation measures. In this paper we estimate the resulting methane and nitrous oxide emissions from global agriculture in 2050, in two scenarios, one with moderate productivity improvement and one with rapid productivity improvements. We compare the emissions to emissions levels compatible with the climate target of keeping the global average warming below 2 degree above the pre-industrial level. Our results suggest that under some circumstances dietary shift will be required to meet a 2 degree target.
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| 14. |
- Hedenus, Fredrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of reduced meat and dairy consumption for meeting stringent climate change targets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1480 .- 0165-0009. ; 124:1-2, s. 79-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For agriculture, there are three major options for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions: 1) productivity improvements, particularly in the livestock sector; 2) dedicated technical mitigation measures; and 3) human dietary changes. The aim of the paper is to estimate long-term agricultural GHG emissions, under different mitigation scenarios, and to relate them to the emissions space compatible with the 2°C temperature target. Our estimates include emissions up to 2070 from agricultural soils, manure management, enteric fermentation and paddy rice fields, and are based on IPCC Tier 2 methodology. We find that baseline agricultural CO2-equivalent emissions (using Global Warming Potentials with a 100 year time horizon) will be approximately 13 Gton CO(2)eq/year in 2070, compared to 7.1 Gton CO(2)eq/year 2000. However, if faster growth in livestock productivity is combined with dedicated technical mitigation measures, emissions may be kept to 7.7 Gton CO(2)eq/year in 2070. If structural changes in human diets are included, emissions may be reduced further, to 3-5 Gton CO(2)eq/year in 2070. The total annual emissions for meeting the 2°C target with a chance above 50 % is in the order of 13 Gton CO(2)eq/year or less in 2070, for all sectors combined. We conclude that reduced ruminant meat and dairy consumption will be indispensable for reaching the 2°C target with a high probability, unless unprecedented advances in technology take place.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Mikael, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Process optimization for SiGe pMOSFETs using low temperature oxides on ultra-thin cap layers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physica scripta. Topical Issues. - 0281-1847. ; T114, s. 97-99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We optimized the oxidation and annealing processes for SiGe quantum-well (QW) p-channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (pMOSFETs) to maintain the strain in the channel and to suppress or eliminate the Si cap layer parasitic conduction. We fabricated and investigated poly-Si gated MOS capacitors incorporating 2nm low-temperature furnace oxides and optimized ultra-thin Si-cap layers. For these structures, we found that a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) thermal budget of 950°C, 30s could serve as a proper choice for gate dopants activation. © Physica Scripta 2004.
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| 18. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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ZrO2 and ZrO2/Y2O3 gate dielectrics prepared by evaporation and annealing processes
- 2002
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Ingår i: ASDAM '02. Conference Proceedings. Fourth International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Microsystems. ; , s. 279-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical characteristics of MOS capacitors with ZrO2 gate dielectric prepared by e-beam evaporation of Zr or Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and subsequent thermal treatment are reported. With this method dielectrics corresponding to an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.9 nm and a relative dielectric constant of approximately 15 have been prepared. The effect of annealing on Zr incorporation into the Si substrate is investigated SIMS analysis showed no signs of Zr diffusion in the substrate at temperatures as high as 900°C and that significant diffusion from the dielectric layer occur only at 1100°C
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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ZrO2 gate dielectrics prepared by e-beam deposition of Zr and YSZ films and post annealing processes
- 2002
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Ingår i: ESSDERC 2002. Proceedings of the 32nd European Solid-State Device Research Conference. ; , s. 419-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present the electrical performance of MOS capacitors with ZrO2 gate dielectric prepared by e-beam evaporation of zirconium and yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and subsequent thermal treatment. To this stage we have reached an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.9 nm. The effect of post-oxidation annealing on Zr incorporation into the Si substrate is investigated. SIMS analysis showed no signs of Zr diffusion in the substrate at temperatures as high as 900°C and that significant diffusion occurs only at 1100°C
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| 20. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Can Mainstream Smart Technology Support Homeless People Leaving Homelessness?
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a work to create a user-informed practice on how to use smart technology as support for homeless people. The practice challenge traditional methods used by the Social Service Administration, hat may have become obsolete in a digitalized societyThe paper presents and reflects on the process from initial qualitative research, over pilot testing and implementation activities up to the presentation of an implementation-handbook. The paper also presents outcomes of interventions with smart technology conducted during the pilot and implementation phase. 36 of the participating 41 homeless people reported on significant functional improvements and 12 of those labelled them as life-changing improvements.The unique contribution in this paper that we have presented a result on homeless people using smart technology and that such technology can be used in areas where before more costly assistive technology had to be used. Contemporary mainstream devices; smartphones, smartwatches and smart pens together with an assemblage of applications supporting cognitive needs were tested and found useable to fulfil the needs for many homeless people. The cost for such intervention is low and homeless people report on important changes in life when using smart technology. The paper also contributes by describing the Social Service Administrations struggle to adopt to a situation where homeless people want to use digital tools in the interaction.
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| 21. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Co-Designing with Extreme Users : A Framework for User Participation in Design Processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 25:1, s. 418-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for user participation in design processes is increasing, and there is a need to formulate guidance on how to involve disabled users and their representative organisations. Their participation contributes an extreme user perspective to the design process. The aim of this study was to develop an empirically grounded framework for user participation in co-design processes, involving the users with wide range of characteristics. The study was theoretically grounded in ‘participatory design’ and ‘value sensitive design’ and used an exploratory study design with online workshops to iteratively collect and analyse data. All participants collaborated on an online Miro-board to identify themes and formulate guiding principles for the framework. We propose a framework consisting of three themes: participation fundamentals, participation ethics and participation practicalities, entailing 11 guiding principles. By applying this framework, the premises, methods and activities in the design process will be accessible to all participants, and user participation in design projects will become more transparent, equitable and easier to implement. It will enable all users, people with disabilities and others, to participate and contribute to a design that can be used by the widest range of people.
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Accessibility for Mentally Disabled Persons
- 2015
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Ingår i: Human–Computer Interaction. - Cham : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783319227016 - 9783319227009 ; , s. 418-435
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of various digital channels, the development of different devices and the change in the way we communicate and carry out various types of services have quickly grown and continues to grow. This may offer both new opportunities for inclusion and risks for creating new barriers in the society. In a recent study we have explored the questions: Is the society digitally accessible for persons with mental disabilities? How do persons with mental disabilities cope with their situation? What are the benefits and obstacles they face? Based on the answers to these questions we wanted to explore if there is a digital divide between the citizens in general and the citizens with mental disabilities. And if so; what is the nature of this divide? Methods used in the study were Participatory action research oriented with data collection via research circles. In total over 100 persons participated. The results show that a digital divide is present. Persons with mental disabilities differ from citizens in general in how they have access to digital resources. The result also indicates that services and systems on a societal scale do not deliver the expected efficiency when it comes to supporting citizens with mental disabilities. And finally the results indicate that the special needs this group might have are often not identified in wider surveys on the citizen's use of Internet, digital services and use of different technical devices. Several of the participants describe this as being left outside and not fully participate in a society where digital presence is considered a prerequisite for a full citizenship.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
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Design for Participation and Inclusion will Follow : Disabled People and the Digital Society
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalization is rapidly taking over all aspects of society, but still there are parts of the population who have to struggle for access to, and to be able to use, the digital resources. Design processes and outcomes in the form of artefacts, that takes accessibility into account, is key to participation. This gives the designer a central role in providing for a more equal participation of all, in the digital society. The work in this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the prerequisites for participation in the digital society, and in the design processes to accomplish this, by presenting research done together with three communities: people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people.The overall question has been How can participation in the digital society be understood? We have investigated the nature of difficulties or enabling factors for people with impairments, people with mental health issues and homeless people, when using the internet. We have also investigated possible digital divides within the groups, and how they can be explained.Ontologically, the work is based on an assumption that knowledge is to be found in a dialectic interplay between the material world and how we interpret what is going on in this world. The underlying epistemological assumption is that data has to be empiric, and critically interpreted in dialogue between members of the communities, which are being researched, and other stakeholders. This work draws on the idea of emancipation and that research can be liberating.The work also takes on a pragmatic stance. We have used adapted versions of Emancipatory Participatory Research, and of Participatory and Value Sensitive Design, thus making them accessible to people with cognitive impairments, people with mental health issues or homeless people. We have tested and adapted methods for sampling of rare populations, to enhance the quality of quantitative studies of how people with impairments and people with mental health issues have access to, and are using, the internet.In our research, we have found fourteen prerequisites, all of which need to be in place to provide for participation. To promote participation, we need a toolbox of methods and accessible tools. Finally, to analyse what is going on we need an analytical model which allows for analysis on multiple levels and from multiple perspectives.As a result, I here propose, define and position a framework for researching and understanding participation in the digital society, based on three parts: Guidelines, Ethics and Statistics. Guidelines can be understood as the theories, the regulations, the standards, etc. that inform our thinking. Ethics guide us in the right direction. Statistics make progress or lack of progress visible.The conclusion is: if we plan for participation - by improved statistic survey sampling methods, a participatory approach to collaborative research and in using research methods in an accessible and emancipatory way – inclusion will follow.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Disability Digital Divide : The Use of the Internet, Smartphones, Computers and Tablets among People with Disabilities in Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries and the Swedish population’s use of the internet is among the most studied in the world, little is known about how Swedes with disabilities use internet.PurposeTo describe use of and perceived difficulties in use of the internet among people with disabilities, and to explore digital divides in-between and within disability groups, and in comparison to the general population.MethodsA cross-sectional survey targeting the same issues as other nationwide surveys but adapted for people with cognitive disabilities. Participants were recruited from May to October 2017 by adaptive snowball sampling. The survey comprised questions on access to and use of devices, and use of and perceived difficulties in use of internet.Results771 people responded to the survey, representing 35 diagnoses/impairments. Larger proportions of people with autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder reported using internet than other disability groups. Women with autism used the internet more than any other disability group, and women with aphasia used the internet the least. People with disabilities related to language and understanding reported more difficulties using internet than other disability groups. Larger proportions of participants than the general Swedish population, reported not feeling digitally included. In many but not all disability groups larger proportions of men than women reported not feeling digitally included.ConclusionsOur findings show that there are differences in digital inclusion between sub-groups of diagnoses/impairments. Thus, disability digital divides are preferably investigated by sub-grouping disabilities, rather than studied as one homogeneous group.
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Disability digital divide : the use of the internet, smartphones, computers and tablets among people with disabilities in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although Sweden is one of the most digitalized countries and the Swedish population’s use of the internet is among the most studied in the world, little is known about how Swedes with disabilities use internet. The purpose of this study is to describe use of and perceived difficulties in use of the internet among people with disabilities and to explore digital divides in-between and within disability groups, and in comparison with the general population. This is a cross-sectional survey targeting the same issues as other nationwide surveys but adapted for people with cognitive disabilities. Participants were recruited from May to October 2017 by adaptive snowball sampling. The survey comprised questions on access to and use of devices, and use of and perceived difficulties in use of internet. A total of 771 people responded to the survey, representing 35 diagnoses/impairments. Larger proportions of people with autism, ADHD and bipolar disorder reported using internet than other disability groups. Women with autism used the internet more than any other disability group, and women with aphasia used the internet the least. People with disabilities related to language and understanding reported more difficulties using internet than other disability groups. Larger proportions of participants than the general Swedish population reported not feeling digitally included. In many but not all disability groups, larger proportions of men than women reported not feeling digitally included. Our findings show that there are differences in digital inclusion between sub-groups of diagnoses/impairments. Thus, disability digital divides are preferably investigated by sub-grouping disabilities, rather than studied as one homogeneous group.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Survey methods that enhance participation among people with disabilities
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rare populations, such as people with disabilities, have been poorly represented in surveys. Research has shown that common probability sampling methods for recruitment of participants to surveys often fail to include people with disabilities. Also, that using one single “disability status” as proxy for all conditions that cause disability, restrains disaggregation into disability sub-groups.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an adaptive snowball sampling method for recruitment of participants with disabilities and of data collection in a survey entailing thoroughly elaborated survey questions in regard to accessibility, and to describe effects on response rates and the samples’ representativeness of the entire disability populations.MethodsA survey mirroring concept was used to compare a nationwide survey on internet use which applied probability sampling method, with a modified survey applying adaptive snowball sampling of people with disabilities. Questions from the mirrored survey was elaborated to increase accessibility for the target populations. Multiple channels for data collection: online, paper and telephone or face-to-face interview, were used.ResultsIn total 771 persons participated, representing all 35 target populations. A majority responded by the online questionnaire and 57 responded by interviews. Missing response to single questions was 2.5– 6%.ConclusionsAdaptive snowball sampling method was feasible to reach people with a wide range of disabilities. A modified survey targeting accessibility issues was feasible to enable participation by all target populations. The survey mirroring concept and adaptive sampling methods are suggested favourable to achieve representation of disability populations in surveys.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-
(författare)
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Towards a framework to understand mental and cognitive accessibility in a digital context
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This digitalization has in many ways contributed to greater inclusion but access to the digital community is not evenly distributed in the population, and we can see that groups of citizens do not feel involved in the transition to a digitalized society, or are not involved as much as they would actually like.The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how designers and developers to a greater extent can be able to take account of accessibility requirements for people with mental and cognitive impairments. The discussion is based on the study “Pilot study on accessibility of electronic communications for persons with mental disabilities”, literature reviews and my experience from almost 25 years of work in the field.The design and development processes I primarily want to highlight are those that produce digital products and services in what we call the mainstream. Mainstream is the society in which we act as citizens have rights and duties, and where we should be able to realize our dreams, wishes and needs, where we find friends, family, education, livelihood and meaningfulness in the activities and the tasks we perform.The persons who participated in the study describe situations where:Design and development processes often fail to meet the need for cognitive simplicity.Many in themselves relatively simple functions, processes and activities can, used together create new and unknown difficulties.Support processes malfunction.Knowledge of user requirements is missing or does not reach out to the people and the processes where this knowledge would be useful.The people also describes that they are never involved in the design- and development processes, and that the knowledge and experience they possess is not being utilized.There is a need for a transfer of knowledge from the areas that produce knowledge today (rehabilitation, assistive technology, special solutions) to the mainstream. There is a need to explore and describe the knowledge and experience persons with mental and cognitive disabilities possesses. There is a need to work closely with persons who have mental and cognitive disabilities directly in mainstream-solutions in order to improve the digital society. Methods seem to be further developed on how to do this cooperation, in research, in innovation and in ordinary societal processes.The thesis presents a proposed framework for the design and development processes to be able to meet accessibility requirements for persons with mental and cognitive disabilities.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Stefan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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User participation when users have mental and cognitive disabilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: SSETS 2015 - Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450334006 ; , s. 69-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons with cognitive or mental disabilities have difficulties participating in or are excluded from IT development and assessments exercises due to the problems finding good ways to efficiently collaborate on equal terms. In this paper we describe how we worked closely together with persons that have mental and cognitive disabilities in order to test and develop methods for participation in assessments and in processes for developing, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products and services. More than 100 persons with mental and cognitive disabilities participated in the study (people with diagnoses such as depression, anxiety disorder, bipolarity, and schizophrenia). To explore the conditions for a more equal and fair participation we have developed and elaborated a set of methods, tools and approaches. By combining scientific research methods with well-established methods for empowerment and participation we have developed methods that are cost effective and that easily can be incorporated in existing processes. We believe that our approach have taken steps to implement possibilities for persons with mental and cognitive disabilities to take part where user participation is needed in order not to discriminate or exclude but also to improve the overall quality of the end result. The results clearly show that it is possible to include persons with mental and cognitive disabilities. A mixed method -- mixed tool approach can increase the possibility for participation. The results also show that the quality of the analysis phase increases if the collaborative approach is extended to also embrace the data analysis phase.
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| 31. |
- Jonsson, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Evaluation of eHealth Services Regarding Accessibility : Scoping Literature Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : NLM (Medline). - 1438-8871. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Accessibility is acknowledged as a key to inclusion in the Convention of Rights for People with Disabilities. An inaccessible design can result in exclusion from eHealth and cause disability among people who have impairments. OBJECTIVE: This scoping literature review aimed to investigate how eHealth services have been developed and evaluated regarding accessibility for people with impairments. METHODS: In line with Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping studies and using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a search in 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, IEEE, and Web of Science) in October 2020 and an update of the search in June 2022. The search strategy was structured according to the PICO model as follows: Population/Problem, digital accessibility for users with impairment; Intervention, health care delivered by any digital solution; Comparison, not applicable; Outcome, use of and adherence to (1) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), (2) other accessibility guidelines, and (3) other means, for designing or evaluating accessibility in eHealth services. A Boolean search was conducted by combining terms related to accessibility and eHealth. All authors participated in screening abstracts according to the eligibility criteria. Each publication, containing a potentially relevant abstract, was read (full text) and assessed for eligibility by 2 authors independently and pairwise. Publications deemed eligible were read by all authors and discussed for consensus. RESULTS: A total of 8643 publications were identified. After abstract screening, 131 publications remained for full-text reading. Of those, 116 publications were excluded as they did not meet the eligibility criteria. Fifteen publications involving studies of 12 eHealth services were included in the study. Of the 15 publications, 2 provided a definition of accessibility, 5 provided an explanation of accessibility, and 8 did not provide any explanation. Five publications used the WCAG to evaluate accessibility when developing eHealth services. One publication used International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 29138, ISO 2941, and ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 30071-1 standards together with the Spanish Association for Standardization (UNE) 139803 standard. Eleven publications used other means to address accessibility, including text-level grading; literature review about accessibility; user tests, focus groups, interviews, and design workshops with target groups of patients, relatives, and health care professionals; and comparative analysis of existing technical solutions to provide information about useful requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Although a clear definition of accessibility can enhance operationalization and thus measurability when evaluating accessibility in eHealth services, accessibility was insufficiently defined in most of the included studies. Further, accessibility guidelines and standards were used to a very limited extent in the development and evaluation of eHealth services. Guidelines for developing complex interventions that include guidance for accessibility are motivated to ensure that accessibility will be considered systematically in eHealth services. ©Marika Jonsson, Stefan Johansson, Dena Hussain, Jan Gulliksen, Catharina Gustavsson. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 17.08.2023.
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| 32. |
- Jonsson, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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How have public healthcare providers in Sweden conformed to the European Union’s Web Accessibility Directive regarding accessibility statements on their websites?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Nature. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Web Accessibility Directive (WAD) is part of the European Union’s work for digital inclusion. The WAD obligates that public sector bodies’ websites meet accessibility standards and provide an accessibility statement on the website informing about inaccessible content, and a feedback mechanism for reporting accessibility issues or requesting inaccessible content in an accessible format. The objective of this study was to evaluate how healthcare providers in Sweden have applied accessibility statements on their websites as regulated by law. A descriptive study using a mixed methods approach was conducted, by quantitative descriptive data analysis of the healthcare providers’ accessibility statements compliance to requirements and qualitative data analysis of the written information provided in the accessibility statement. All but one of the 37 evaluated healthcare providers published an accessibility statement. None of the healthcare providers fully met the requirements for accessibility statements, and no one complied with the intention of the law, i.e. to provide accessible health information and eHealth services. There was no or minor progress between the first and the latest published accessibility statement. The possibility to declare no or partial compliance with the law, or claim disproportionate burden, and the lack of enforcement procedures, risk producing symbolic actions e.g., publishing accessibility statements without intention to abide by the law. We suggest that the directives for accessibility statements should be advanced regarding comprehensiveness, understandability, and usefulness. It is suggested that the assessment protocol developed for this study may be used for future evaluations of accessibility statements.
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| 33. |
- Krantz, Marcus, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobicity prepares Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for faster adaptation to osmotic shock
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eukaryotic Cell. - 1535-9786 .- 1535-9778. ; 3:6, s. 1381-1390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yeast cells adapt to hyperosmotic shock by accumulating glycerol and altering expression of hundreds of genes. This transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic shock encompasses genes whose products are implicated in protection from oxidative damage. We addressed the question of whether osmotic shock caused oxidative stress. Osmotic shock did not result in the generation of detectable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To preclude any generation of ROS, osmotic shock treatments were performed in anaerobic cultures. Global gene expression response profiles were compared by employing a novel two-dimensional cluster analysis. The transcriptional profiles following osmotic shock under anaerobic and aerobic conditions were qualitatively very similar. In particular, it appeared that expression of the oxidative stress genes was stimulated upon osmotic shock even if there was no apparent need for their function. Interestingly, cells adapted to osmotic shock much more rapidly under anaerobiosis, and the signaling as well as the transcriptional response was clearly attenuated under these conditions. This more rapid adaptation is due to an enhanced glycerol production capacity in anaerobic cells, which is caused by the need for glycerol production in redox balancing. Artificially enhanced glycerol production led to an attenuated response even under aerobic conditions. These observations demonstrate the crucial role of glycerol accumulation and turgor recovery in determining the period of osmotic shock-induced signaling and the profile of cellular adaptation to osmotic shock.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 36. |
- Ljunggren, Stefan, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Modified lipoproteins in periodontitis : a link to cardiovascular disease?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bioscience Reports. - : Portland Press. - 0144-8463 .- 1573-4935. ; 39:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a strong association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders. A key event in the development of atherosclerosis is accumulation of modified lipoproteins within the arterial wall. We hypothesize that patients with periodontitis have an altered lipoprotein profile towards an atherogenic form. Therefore, this study aims at identifying modifications of plasma lipoproteins in periodontitis. Lipoproteins from ten female patients with periodontitis and gender- and age-matched healthy controls were isolated by density-gradient-ultracentrifugation. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and identified by map-matching or by nano-liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. ApoA-I methionine oxidation, Oxyblot, total antioxidant capacity and a multiplex of 71 inflammation-related plasma proteins were assessed.Reduced levels of apoJ, phospholipid transfer protein, apoF, complement C3, paraoxonase 3 and increased levels of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, apoA-II, apoC-III were found in HDL from the patients. In LDL/VLDL, the levels of apoL-1 and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase as well as apo-B fragments were increased. Methionine oxidation of apoA-I was increased in HDL and showed a relationship with periodontal parameters. Alpha-1 antitrypsin and alpha-2-HS glycoprotein were oxidised in LDL/VLDL and antioxidant capacity was increased in the patient group. 17 inflammation-related proteins were important for group separation with the highest discriminating proteins identified as IL-21, Fractalkine, IL-17F, IL-7, IL-1RA and IL-2.Patients with periodontitis have an altered plasma lipoprotein profile, defined by altered protein levels as well as posttranslational and other structural modifications towards an atherogenic form, which supports a role of modified plasma lipoproteins as central in the link between periodontal and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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| 37. |
- Müssener, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting Healthy Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual Disability : Protocol for Developing a Digital Intervention With Co-Design Workshops
- 2023
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-0748. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a poorer health profile and higher mortality. Young people with ID have more sedentary lifestyles than their typically developing peers. Consequently, this group is at significant risk of developing lifestyle diseases (ie, noncommunicable diseases) later in life. Increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet have been argued to be effective ways to improve the health of adolescents and young adults with ID. Digital interventions are a viable option for improving health behaviors. Objective: This research protocol describes a co-design approach using workshops to develop a digital intervention that promotes healthy behaviors, including increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet, among adolescents and young adults with ID. Methods: A participatory design using a co-design approach will be applied as a strategy to include potential users of the digital intervention and other stakeholders in the research process, comprising research design, data collection, and data analysis. A total of 7 to 10 workshops will be conducted aimed at developing a digital intervention and will include procedures for assessing needs; facilitators and barriers to health promotion; physical, mental, and social well-being; participation; and relationships. The workshops will include 12 to 18 stakeholders with experience of clinical practice and research related to young people with ID, including relatives, as well as adolescents and young adults (aged 16-25 years) with mild to moderate ID. Participants will perform a mixture of individual and group work using whiteboards, sticky notes, felt-tip pens, cards, balls, stickers, and wireframe templates. Data analysis will take place concurrently with data collection as an iterative process. Transcribed data from the audio and video recordings of the groups’ discussions will be analyzed following a qualitative methodological procedure. Results: This study protocol provides a systematic record of the scientific methodologies used when developing the digital intervention and provides insights into the potential practical solutions and challenges when following a co-design approach in which relatives and professionals, as well as adolescents and young adults with ID, are included as research partners. Recruitment of participants started in April 2023. Data collection, analysis, and reporting will be completed in December 2023. Conclusions: This study will explore the effectiveness of workshops at gathering rich, reliable, and valid data in a co-design approach with participants. The results will provide increased knowledge in how to use technology to develop novel, evidence-based, and scalable interventions that adolescents and young adults with ID can and want to use to motivate physical activity and a healthier diet. The project will provide a simple and cognitively accessible digital solution for promoting lifestyle behaviors tailored to the needs of adolescents and young adults with ID.
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| 38. |
- Normand, Claude L., et al.
(författare)
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“Mum Helps Me When the Internet Messes Up…” : Accessibility of eHealth Services for People with Intellectual Disability
- 2024
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Ingår i: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction - 18th International Conference, UAHCI 2024, Held as Part of the 26th HCI International Conference, HCII 2024, Proceedings. - : Springer Nature. ; , s. 213-230, s. 213-230
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many services have become digitized in society, including health services. Although there are many advantages to eHealth services, some segments of the population cannot reap those benefits. Objectives: This study aimed to: 1- describe how people with intellectual disability use the internet in Sweden; and 2- understand the nature of the contextual and personal barriers these users face when trying to access eHealth services in particular. Methods: Data from the nationwide survey “Swedes with Impairment and the Internet 2021” (SMFOI-21) were extracted for a subsample of 154 people with self-declared intellectual disability. Results: Findings reveal that people with intellectual disability used the internet predominantly for entertainment purposes. Challenges arose in more complex online activities, like internet searches, logging into eHealth services, booking medical appointments, and financial transactions. Participants relied on support from family, guardians or staff to read, write, create and memorise passwords, understand content, or solve technical problems encountered. They expressed a desire to engage more independently in the digital society but faced barriers due to the cognitive requirements of using apps and the internet as designed by computer scientists, difficulties in navigating complex online processes, such as eHealth services, and a lack of accessible infrastructure. Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of improved accessibility, simplified interfaces, clearer instructions, and a supportive ecosystem to enhance their digital inclusion. It is a matter of people with intellectual disability being afforded equal rights to access health services.
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| 39. |
- Pettersson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Disability digital divide : survey of accessibility of eHealth services as perceived by people with and without impairment
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSustainable and effective eHealth requires accessibility for everyone. Little is known about how accessibility of eHealth is perceived among people with various impairments. The aim of this study was to compare use and perceived difficulty in the use of eHealth among people with and without impairment, and how different types of impairment were associated with perceived difficulty in the use of eHealth.MethodsThis study used data collected in a nationwide survey in Sweden. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants with self-reported impairment, from June to October 2019. In February 2020, the survey was posted to people in the general population who were matched to the participants with impairment by age, gender and county of residence. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyse the use of four eHealth services, and perceived difficulty in the use of six eHealth services.ResultsIn total, 1631 participants with, and 1084 participants without impairment responded to the survey. Participants with impairment reported less use and more difficulty in the use of all eHealth services as compared to participants without impairment. When comparing types of impairment, booking healthcare appointments online was least used and most avoided by participants with communication, language and calculation impairments (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) use 0.64, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.49-0.83; aOR avoid 1.64, 95%CI 1.19-2.27), and intellectual impairments (aOR use 0.28, 95%CI 0.20-0.39; aOR avoid 2.88, 95%CI 1.86-4.45). The Swedish national web-portal for health information and services, 1177.se, was reported difficult to use the most among participants with communication, language and calculation impairments (aOR 2.24, 95%CI 1.50-3.36), deaf-blindness (aOR 11.24, 95%CI 3.49-36.23) and hearing impairment (aOR 2.50, 95%CI 1.17-5.35).ConclusionsThe results confirm the existence of an eHealth disability digital divide. People with impairment were not one homogeneous group, but differed in perceived difficulties in regard to eHealth. Based on a purposeful subgrouping of impairments, we showed that people with communication, language and calculation impairments, and intellectual impairments, reported least use and most difficulty in using eHealth. The findings can guide further research in creating eHealth that is accessible for all, including those with the most significant difficulties.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Funding Inclusive Green Transition through Greenhouse Gas Pricing : Carbon Pricing
- 2020
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Ingår i: ifo DICE Report. - 2511-7815. ; 18:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2015 was a special year. During a few months the political stars aligned and made it possible for the international community to agree on the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement to limit global warming. Now the signatories need to find ways to implement these agreements, which not only imply a deep decarbonization of the economy but must also meet the Sustainable Development Goals. In this article we discuss the importance of pricing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions2 to make this happen. Climate abatement is a truly global public good and so we actually have to have a functioning policy in all countries. Our interest is thus on pricing in all countries but in particular the developing countries that are bigger and most crucial to the struggle for a green transition.
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| 43. |
- Svensson, Lars, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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From Tutor to Producer : Changes in the design space of online education
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd IRIS Seminar. 2010.. - Rebild, Denmark.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years online and blended learning has scaled up from being a pilot endeavour driven by pioneers, to constituting a large portion of many institutions of higher education. In the process, the conditions for the online teacher has gradually changed, and the situation of today is in many ways problematic where student interaction and dialogue has to stand back in favour of time consuming content production, material delivery, and technical problem solving. This paper draws on the experiences from a Scandinavian University to illustrate how this transition can be understood in the light of rapid technological development in combination with slow evolution of pedagogical models for online education.
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| 44. |
- Tydén, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Heparin-binding protein in ventilator-induced lung injury.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental. - : SpringerOpen. - 2197-425X. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although mechanical ventilation is often lifesaving, it can also cause injury to the lungs. The lung injury is caused by not only high pressure and mechanical forces but also by inflammatory processes that are not fully understood. Heparin-binding protein (HBP), released by activated granulocytes, has been indicated as a possible mediator of increased vascular permeability in the lung injury associated with trauma and sepsis. We investigated if HBP levels were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or plasma in a pig model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We also investigated if HBP was present in BALF from healthy volunteers and in intubated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).METHODS: Anaesthetized pigs were randomized to receive ventilation with either tidal volumes of 8 ml/kg (controls, n = 6) or 20 ml/kg (VILI group, n = 6). Plasma and BALF samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. In humans, HBP levels in BALF were sampled from 16 healthy volunteers and from 10 intubated patients being cared for in the ICU.RESULTS: Plasma levels of HBP did not differ between pigs in the control and VILI groups. The median HBP levels in BALF were higher in the VILI group after 6 h of ventilation compared to those in the controls (1144 ng/ml (IQR 359-1636 ng/ml) versus 89 ng/ml (IQR 33-191 ng/ml) ng/ml, respectively, p = 0.02). The median HBP level in BALF from healthy volunteers was 0.90 ng/ml (IQR 0.79-1.01 ng/ml) as compared to 1959 ng/ml (IQR 612-3306 ng/ml) from intubated ICU patients (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: In a model of VILI in pigs, levels of HBP in BALF increased over time compared to controls, while plasma levels did not differ between the two groups. HBP in BALF was high in intubated ICU patients in spite of the seemingly non-harmful ventilation, suggesting that inflammation from other causes might increase HBP levels.
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| 45. |
- Wemming, Hannes, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of bearing failure in composite-aluminium bolted joints using digital image correlation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quasistatic failure of composite-aluminium bolted joints is investigated experimentally using the stereo Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Single-shear, two-bolt lap joints made of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates and aluminium plates are subjected to tensile load while being monitored using stereo-DIC. The measured displacements are processed by removing outliers using the Grubbs test and reducing noise by exploiting symmetries of the specimen geometry. The development of the Gauss curvature across the CFRP is computed from DIC displacement data, and a sudden onset of curvature in the vicinity of the bolts is observed as a precursor to bearing failure. Fractographs of cross-sections of partially failed CFRP near the bolts confirm compressive damage of laminates as the source of this localised curvature. We conclude that stereo-DIC is useful as a non-contact measurement of bearing failure initiation.
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| 46. |
- Wemming, Hannes, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and experimental parameter identification for fasteners in composite–aluminium bolted structures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deformation of composite–aluminium bolted joints subjected to uniaxial quasistatic tension load is modelled using an Iwan model for each fastener. Experimental data obtained with the digital image correlation technique are used to identify a suitable Iwan model distribution function and parameters to represent the bolts in single-shear and double-shear bolted lap joints. It is seen that the model, with parameters identified from the experiments, represents the displacements of the joint correctly, and an implementation in a commercial finite element software is demonstrated. The proposed model is intended as a computationally efficient structural element for modelling structures containing multiple fasteners.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Yousif, M. Y. A., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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HfO2 for strained-Si and strained-SiGe MOSFETs
- 2003
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Ingår i: ESSDERC 2003. Proceedings of the 33rd European Solid-State Device Research - ESSDERC '03. - 1930-8876. - 0780379993 ; , s. 255-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on HfO2 gate dielectrics grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 600°C on strained-Si and strained-SiGe layers. The strain status in the Si layer remained unaltered after HfO2 deposition and an interface state density of ~1×1011 cm-2 eV-1 was obtained for the case of thick HfO2 films. The breakdown fields were in the range 2-5 MV/cm, which is high compared to HfO2 films grown at higher temperatures. The leakage current was reduced by more than five orders of magnitude for the case of a thin HfO2 film with an EOT of 1.25 nm and ultra-thin cap (2.5-3 nm) layers on Si0.77Ge0.23/Si. The carrier transport through these HfO2 films was found to follow Frenkel-Poole emission over a wide range of applied gate voltage
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| 49. |
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