| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Fernö, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative fine needle aspiration from human breast cancer is a valuable sampling material for progesterone receptor and cytometric DNA analysis
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 35:S8, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a breast cancer series (n = 54), preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) was compared with biopsy at primary surgery as a source of material for the determination of progesterone receptor (PgR) content by enzyme immuno assay. The respective results manifested a strong correlation (r(s) = 0.82). The fact that PgR content was usually higher in FNA samples than in the corresponding biopsy samples and the finding that 11% of the tumours were PgR positive in FNA but PgR negative in the corresponding biopsy samples suggest a greater proportion of malignant cells to be obtained with FNA than in surgical biopsy. In another breast cancer series (n = 50), corresponding comparisons for DNA flow cytometry showed concordance in ploidy status (diploid vs. non-diploid) in 84% of cases and a strong correlation in S-phase fraction values (r(s) = 0.70). At DNA image cytometry, concordant results (Auer I + II vs. Auer III + IV) were obtained in 87% of the cases. To sum up, FNA seems to be a useful sampling technique for PgR determination and DNA cytometry.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Frånberg, Gun-Marie, 1949-
(författare)
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East of Arcadia : Three studies of rural women in northern Sweden and Wisconsin, USA
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with three different studies of rural women in northern Sweden and Wisconsin, USA. All three of them aim at identify and elucidate pertinent aspects of women's lives in rural areas. In the first study, The Åsele study, women's work and free time activities are in the focus of investigation. The second, The Leading Light study, deals more explicitly with obstacles and problems that women meet with when trying to improve their living conditions and, finally, the Wisconsin study deals with the ways rural women organize their everyday lives. More specifically, while all three studies assume a gender and mode-of-living perspective, cultural issues, the relations between structure- agent and questions concerning the organization of everyday life receive separate treatment.Mostly qualitative methods are used in collecting data, including interviews and essays. Also questionnaires are used in order to gain a comprehensive picture of certain areas, such as activities and aspirations within the field of leisure. In the last study a reanalysis of an archived interview material, built on oral life histories, is used.The results give a complex and nuanced picture of women's lives in these areas. The farm women in the Wisconsin study have a heavy work load and contribute in different ways to the maintenance of the family. Their productive work is, however, made invisible in official statistics. The Åsele study gives a picture of a woman, who is not demanding anything special for herself, but is adapting to the traditional gender structures. Her life is organized around her home, her husband and her children. The young women intend to leave this area, which is one of the problems that the local politicians have to deal with. In the Leading light study, finally, it is above all the male representatives at the local governmental level that impede the women's ideas and ignore their propositions for change. Despite official signals of decentralisation of decision making, the bureaucratic structures seem to strengthen at the local level.Most of the women in this study praise life in the country side. The rural ideology also comprises a positive view of this mode of living. While the rural ideology is a entire male construction, the female conditions have to be problematized. This has been done in this thesis.
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| 6. |
- Gritli Linde, Amel, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of suramin on polyamine metabolism in B16 murine melanoma cells
- 1998
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Ingår i: Anticancer Res. - 0250-7005. ; 18:2A, s. 855-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes, such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), are crucial for normal and neoplastic cell growth and differentiation. Suramin inhibits the growth of several tumor cells by affecting various intracellular targets, but its effects on polyamines are not known. In this study, the effects of suramin on some parameters of polyamine metabolism in B16 melanoma cells were investigated in vitro. Suramin increased cellular ODC activity and ODC mRNA levels, whereas the drug was directly inhibitory to the enzyme. AdoMetDC was not affected. Cellular putrescine levels were enhanced by suramin, whereas spermidine and spermine pools were unaltered. Cells cultured in the presence of suramin showed decreased cellular polyamine transport, but no direct inhibitory effect on the polyamine transporter could be found. Fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated a direct interaction between suramin and spermine. It may be concluded that suramin affects polyamine metabolism, and that its effects in some respects are opposite to those of alpha-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ODC.
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| 7. |
- Gritli Linde, Amel, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing effects of suramin and DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine on polyamine metabolism contribute to a synergistic action on B16 melanoma cell growth in vitro
- 1998
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Ingår i: Anticancer Res. - 0250-7005. ; 18:2A, s. 863-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polyamines are crucial for normal and neoplastic cell growth. Treatment with the polyanionic drug suramin has pronounced antigrowth activity in several tumor cell lines, but its clinical use has been hampered by its toxicity. We have earlier shown that suramin affects cellular polyamine metabolism and transport, and that these effects were, in some respects, opposite to those of alpha-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase, a key metabolic enzyme for polyamines. DFMO has been used in anticancer trials, although with limited success. Combinations of suramin and DFMO were, hence, evaluated in vitro and were found to strongly inhibit B16 melanoma cell proliferation. DFMO alone induced melanoma cell differentiation, and suramin used in combination with DFMO did not abrogate this DFMO-induced differentiation. Synergy analysis demonstrated a pronounced growth-inhibitory synergism between suramin and DFMO. The results suggest that the efficacy of combinations of DFMO with suramin or its analogues should be further explored, especially in cells requiring high levels of polyamines for their growth.
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| 8. |
- Hakansson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Moderate frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations in Scandinavian familial breast cancer
- 1997
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - 0002-9297. ; 60:5, s. 1068-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies of high-risk breast cancer families have proposed that two major breast cancer-susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, may account for at least two-thirds of all hereditary breast cancer. We have screened index cases from 106 Scandinavian (mainly southern Swedish) breast cancer and breast-ovarian cancer families for germ-line mutations in all coding exons of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, using the protein-truncation test, SSCP analysis, or direct sequencing. A total of 24 families exhibited 11 different BRCA1 mutations, whereas 11 different BRCA2 mutations were detected in 12 families, of which 3 contained cases of male breast cancer. One BRCA2 mutation, 4486delG, was found in two families of the present study and, in a separate study, also in breast tumors from three unrelated males with unknown family history, suggesting that at least one BRCA2 founder mutation exists in the Scandinavian population. We report 1 novel BRCA1 mutation, eight additional cases of 4 BRCA1 mutations described elsewhere, and 11 novel BRCA2 mutations (9 frameshift deletions and 2 nonsense mutations), of which all are predicted to cause premature truncation of the translated products. The relatively low frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the present study could be explained by insufficient screening sensitivity to the location of mutations in uncharacterized regulatory regions, the analysis of phenocopies, or, most likely, within predisposed families, additional uncharacterized BRCA genes.
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| 9. |
- Henning, Cecilia, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Lägesrapport 1
- 1998
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Henning, Cecilia, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Lägesrapport 2
- 1999
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 11. |
- Henning, Cecilia, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Lägesrapport 3
- 1999
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
- Holmlund, Kerstin, 1947-
(författare)
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Låt barnen komma till oss : Förskollärarna och kampen om småbarnsinstitutionerna 1854-1968
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to investigate how child care has changed and developed in a social and historical perspective. Its aim is also to ascertain what different roles were played by different professional groups, local government and state authorities in the struggle for the institutions for young children. In this context, two professional groups are of interest, namely kindergarten/pre-school teachers and staff of the crèches. The empirical material spans the period from 1854 until 1968, i.e. it dates from the starting point for the first crèche until the date when a government decision stipulated that the day nursery sector should be extended. The empirical material comprises the archives of the authorities, the archives of the pre-school body, periodicals etc.. I have found that the institutionalized care provided for the children of workers in the crèches was controlled by the bourgeois view of life and that its activities had an obvious hallmark of poor relief or social welfare. The staff of the crèches were supervised by bourgeois men and women who, in different ways, preserved class disticntions. The professional identity of the staff of the crèches was diffuse and their status was affetcted by the low status of their clients and they never achieved any professional success. The kindergartens were established and supervised by bourgeois women. They possessed considerable cultural capital which they could employ to keep up their activities at the kindergartens and teacher training establishments. The kindergartens were educational in nature and were directed, to a great extent, towards the children of the bourgeoisie. When the government began to become involved in the institutions for young children at the end of the 1930s it granted ideological support to the concept of half-day care, whereas the crèches, which by this time had changed their name to day nurseries, were considered a temporary solution to immediate child-minding problems. Thus the pre-school sector was expanded and the day nurseries were criticized as they represented a threat to the mother-child relationship. The supervisory body, the National Board of Health and Welfare, was a keen advocate of half-day care and considered its task to be that of defending the nuclear family. In the beginning of the 1960s, following the demands made from the forces of the labour market, a complete reversal of policy was brought about by the government and thus they gave priority to the day nurseries. Pre-school teachers eventually became the most prominent staff group within the day nurseries. However, they lost their autonomy by being integrated into the male-dominated state and bureaucratic structures and trade unions. Thus the pre-school teachers found themselves in subordinated positions. Problems related to gender limited the professional successes of this teaching body. Child care issues have also been influenced, to a great degree, by the prevailing class structure.
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| 13. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Ulla, 1948
(författare)
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Den offentliga sektorns maskuliniseringstendenser
- 1997
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Ingår i: Sund(ed): Om makt och kön - i spåren av offentliga organisationers omvandling. Rapport till Utredningen om fördelning av ekonomisk makt och ekonomiska resurser mellan kvinnor och män. SOU 1997:83.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Johansson, Ulla
(författare)
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Om ansvar : ansvarsföreställningar och deras betydelse för den organisatoriska verkligheten
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on an ethnographic study, the dissertation discusses the concept of "responsibility" in the context of what happened when workers were made responsible for an area of their own. It turned out that "being responsible", was related to a narrative identity that differed from the one they used before they were made formally responsible. For most of the workers, the narrative of being "responsible" was related to a new way of making sense of themselves as well as their work at hand. This new sensemaking brought about new ways of acting and responding to the organizational reality, both towards clients and towards other people in the organization. The dissertation shows how the symbolic and taken-for-granted meaning can be unpacked and themathized through grounded theory informed analyses. It also demonstrates how organizational transformation can be regarded as a transformation in sensemaking and identity, as well as top management's role in this process. The meaning of "responsibility" revealed from field studies in three companies shows great similarities with the view on organizational change and responsibility previously demonstrated by Follett in the beginning of the century and discussed explicitly in the 90s both by feminist researchers and by other critics of a rationalist concept of responsibility. The rationalist view upon responsiblity, rooted in the views of Taylor, Fayol and Barnard, constructs "responsibility" as a concept closely related to hierarchies and (abstract and general) principles. It is argued here that the results of the empirical study cannot be properly understood only from a rationalist concept of responsibility. Instead, a counternarrative is constructed, regarding responsiblity as a creative and emotional response to a specific context, thereby both following and breaking rules at the same time.
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| 18. |
- Kalman, Hildur, 1955-
(författare)
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The structure of knowing : Existential trust as an epistemological category
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the structure of knowing, and it argues that existential trust is an epistemological category.The aim of the dissertation is to develop a view according to which all human activity is seen as an activity of a lived body, and in which the understanding of the structure of such activity is regarded as central for the solution even of epistemological problems. This view is not rooted in any one philosophical tradition, but circles around activity of the lived body. It connects thinkers who in other respects belong to different "isms" in philosophy. Central to the dissertation are Aristotle, Dewey, Merleau-Ponty, Wittgenstein, Ryle, Anscombe, Polanyi, and Grene.Michael Polanyi's concept of tacit knowledge, and connected concepts like attend to, attend from, and subsidiary awareness, are presented. Different kinds of subsidiary awareness, not noted by Polanyi, are distinguished. It is also argued that Polanyi has not seen all the implicatons of his view that instruments can be interiorized and be part of the lived body. Conversely, parts of the normally lived body can be exteriorized. Nor has Polanyi seen that one has subsidiary awareness of oneself as a certain kind ofperson. This fact, in turn, is shown to have implications for the way we constitute ourselves as agents. Since we are engendered agents, we always attend from gender.In the last decade, the concept of trust has definitely entered epistemology. Mostly, it has been in terms of trusting testimony and/or testifier. This thesis wants to deepen that account. There is a more fundamental kind of trust, namely trust in oneself and trust in the world. It is called existential trust, and it is of epistemological importance, too. Existential trust, it is claimed, is necessary in all acts of knowing. Probably, this fact is hard to discover without having recourse to a distinction like that between attending from and attending to. Existential trust is shown in the way we attend from something. Observation and thinking are central epistemological categories, of course, but they should be supplemented by trust. Without trust they cannot perform any epistemological work.Linguistically, 'to know' is a state verb. Superficially, it describes only a state, not an activity. This fact, however, does not contradict the view of knowledge put forward in the dissertation. To know is to have a disposition to perform successfully either some kind of action (= knowing how), or to perform some kind of true assertive speech act (= knowing that). Basically, knowing is an activity.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Xie, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid biosensor for simultaneous electrochemical and thermometric detection
- 1997
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Ingår i: Analytical Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-2719 .- 1532-236X. ; 30:12, s. 2141-2158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simultaneous detection of multiple signals for common biochemical/electrochemical reactions is a challenging area of research for comparative studies. Based on our previous work with electrochemically assisted thermal biosensors, a hybrid biosensor has been developed for the simultaneous monitoring of the electrochemically generated current and the thermal signal produced in association with enzymatic catalysis. The sensor combined the two measurement principles of electrochemical regeneration of substrate and flow injection biocalorimetry. The enzyme column was constructed of a platinum foil in electrical contact with a poly (pyrrole)-coated reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) matrix onto which tyrosinase was immobilized. The column functioned as enzyme reactor, working electrode and thermally sensitive element together with the thermistors. Catechol was oxidized by tyrosinase to form 1,2-benzoquinone which was subsequently regenerated electrochemically on the electrode surface. The primary heat production developed by the enzyme reaction could be measured calorimetrically. At the same time, the electrochemical reduction of 1,2-benzoquinone generated a current that was detected by the working electrode (enzyme column). Preliminary results showed good correlation of the two signals at both high and low oxygen concentrations in the buffer. A linear range between 12.5 and 250 μM catechol was obtained for the enzyme reaction. The sensitivity of the thermal measurement system was significantly enhanced by the recycling of catechol. The hybrid sensor provides a useful tool for comparative studies.
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