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| 10. |
- Johansson, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with genogroup I calicivirus.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 40:3, s. 794-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An outbreak of gastroenteritis affecting 158 of 219 (72%) guests and employees at a hotel is described. Food served at the hotel restaurant is believed to have been the source of the outbreak and to have been contaminated by sick employees working in the restaurant. A secondary attack rate of 22% was seen involving 43 persons in all. In stool specimens from seven of eight patients, Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) were detected by electron microscopy. While NLV-specific PCR using primers JV12 and JV13 were negative, all specimens examined with primers NVp69 and NVp110 were positive. The failure of primers JV12 and JV13 was attributed to several mismatches in the JV12 primer. Genotyping and sequence analysis revealed that all samples had identical sequences and clustered with genogroup I, and the most closely related well-characterized genotype is Desert Shield. This is the first described food-borne outbreak associated with genogroup I virus in Sweden.
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| 11. |
- Johansson-Smaragdi, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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TV och bokläsning - samspel eller konkurrens? Bokens ställning i mediekonkurrensen över tre decennier
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Baksidestext: Mediasituationen i Sverige har förändrats avsevärt under de tre senaste decennierna i såväl fråga om utbud och tillgång som den tid vi ägnar medierna. Den förändrade mediesituationen har inte sällan lett till debatt kring bl a litteraturens ställning och barns och ungdomars läsvanor. I debatten framställs ofta bildmedierna som ett hot mot boken och läsningen. TV, men även video beskrivs ofta som konkurrenter till de tryckta medierna och anklagas bl a för att ta tid från barns och ungdomars bokläsande genom att erbjuda mer lättillgängliga alternativ men också skapa behov av action och tempo för att upprätthålla ett intresse. Fokus i denna studie är barns och ungdomars läsvanor och intresse för bokläsning samt hur läsvanorna har utvecklats och förändrats över tid. I studien jämförs läsvanorna i två åldersgrupper, 11/12-åringar och 15/16- åringar, i skilda mediekontexter, nämligen 1976, 1980, 1989, 1994 och 1998.
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Ulla
(författare)
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Grint, Keith, The arts of leadership
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Management Studies. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0022-2380 .- 1467-6486. ; 38:6, s. 900-903
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In The Arts of Leadership, Keith Grint tells eight narratives about leaders who can all be regarded as ‘great leaders’ by common standard. Yet none of them can be seen as role models for leadership. Nor do the stories fit those theories usually presented in textbooks about leadership. This is what Grint wants to demonstrate.
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| 13. |
- Johansson, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Life satisfaction related to work re-entry after brain injury : A longitudinal study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 17:11, s. 991-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the subjective life satisfaction after brain injury and its relation to work re-entry. METHOD: The research design was a longitudinal study. Thirty-six individuals answered a questionnaire at 3 and 6 years after admittance to a rehabilitation programme. The questionnaire addressed work status, job satisfaction, subjective symptoms of illness and life satisfaction. RESULTS: The reported life satisfaction both for life as a whole and for different domains of life was low. No significant difference between follow-ups was found for satisfaction with life as a whole. For the domain IADL activities, the subjects reported a statistically significant lower satisfaction at the second follow-up than at the first. No correlation between work status and subjective satisfaction with life as a whole was found in this population. At the second follow-up, significantly more people were satisfied with IADL in the group that had returned to work. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that brain injury has a lasting effect on a person's life also many years after onset. The decreasing satisfaction with the ability to perform IADL-activities in along-term perspective should give implications for clinical practice. More research in this area is needed.
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| 14. |
- Johansson, Ulla, 1949-
(författare)
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Long-term outcome after brain injury with a focus on return to work, life satisfaction and participation
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rehabilitation after brain injury is often a process which is spread over several years and runs through different phases. After sub acute in-patient rehabilitation a community based post-acute rehabilitation can follow. In this late phase after injury the rehabilitation focuses on reintegration into the community through a return to work and participation in other occupations in society. The overall aim of this dissertation was to study the long-term outcome of brain injury, with a special emphasis on the return to everyday domestic and productive occupations and the connection these have to life satisfaction as a whole. The aim was also to describe and understand the lived experience of the consequences of brain injury in these areas. This dissertation comprises four studies on different aspects of the long-term outcome of those who have had a brain injury. In a sample of 56 people, the value of occupational therapy assessments as predictors of an eventual return to work was investigated. In a longitudinal follow-up study, the life satisfaction of the participants (n 36) was reported and its correlation to a return to work was evaluated. Interviews were conducted (n 10) to explore the main characteristics of the meaning of work after brain injury in ten respondents. And, finally, in the fourth study, 157 people reported their participation in community activities. The extent of the correspondence between the level of participation and life satisfaction was calculated. The findings showed that occupational therapy assessments were useful in predicting a return to work in the late phase of the recovery after brain injury. A combination of assessments on the level of body function with assessments on activity level appeared to comprise the best predictive model. In two different studies the reported life satisfaction was found to be significantly lower than the level of life satisfaction in a sample of healthy Swedes for almost all domains. When comparing life satisfaction at two points in time with an interval of three years between them in the longitudinal study, no significant improvement was found. There was no difference reported by the participants for their overall life satisfaction regardless of whether they were back at work or in education, or not. On the other hand, participation in daily occupations in a wider perspective was found to have a positive impact on satisfaction with life as a whole. However, half or more than half of the participants claimed that their participation was restricted except for the items self-care and mobility, where a higher degree of participation was reported. The meaning of work after the brain injury had changed: Work had taken on a new place in life and the importance of work had decreased. In contrast, the social dimension of work had expanded in importance. After the brain injury, the perception of the participants’ own competence and work identity had changed and the respondents described their striving to return to normality. To conclude, brain injury has a lasting effect on a person’s life, even many years after the injury; consequently there is need for rehabilitation in this late phase. Life satisfaction, which is often used as an overriding goal for rehabilitation, did not improve over time. This finding raises the question of whether life satisfaction is too broad a concept and/or insufficiently sensitive to improvements. There is need for further research in this area to clarify the factors that have an impact on life satisfaction.
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| 15. |
- Johansson, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting return to work after brain injury using occupational therapy assessments
- 2001
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 23:11, s. 474-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of occupational therapy assessments used in an outreach rehabilitation programme to predict return to work after brain injury. The assessments represent the ICIDH-2 levels of body function and activity. Method: Fifty-six persons in a late phase after brain injury who had been admitted to the rehabilitation programme during 2 years were followed up according to work status. The follow up was made at a minimum of 2 years after injury. Demographic data and scores from the occupational therapy assessments were compared for the two groups who were back to work or studies (BTW) and not back to work or studies (NBTW). Results: Assessments of memory, visual perception and apraxia separated between the two groups BTW and NBTW. Logistic regression showed that memory score in combination with data on PADL made up the best predictive model. In a subgroup with 21 persons where data on IADL were added to memory and PADL the predictive value was even stronger. Conclusions: In this study we found that occupational therapy assessments were valuable in predicting failure to return to work or studies after brain injury.
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| 16. |
- Johnsson, Mattias, 1972-
(författare)
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Kontrasternas rum : Ett relationistiskt perspektiv på valfrihet, segregation och indoktrinerande verkan i Sveriges grundskola
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to study segregation within the Swedish school system, with regard to the reformation during the last decades of the 20th century which researchers have described as a system change. After an initial research survey two questions are identified: one which concerns the process of human becoming, and the other concerning segregation, within and between social milieus in a school system. The first is answered from a relationistic philosophical perspective, which leads to the study object the educative milieu. In turn the study object leads to the development of a research approach to investigate such settings. The research approach consists in the construction of epistemic objects (in short: epiobjects) – in this case two school classes whose pupils have actively made the choice of these classes – understood as monistic entities constituted of internal relational structures. The construction of the epiobjects identifies the families involved in the classes as informants and decides on a number of research themes (for example description of the school, the teachers, leisure activities) for the data collection. The disposition of the study consists of tree main steps: determining relevant symbols, positioning and description. Determining relevant symbols means to decide what is assigned meaning in respect of the research themes. This was achieved through an interview study. Positioning means to decide how the symbols and bodies are distributed within the epiobjects in order to represent their relational structures. This was done with questionnaire data that was organised with aid of correspondence analysis. In the description the epiobjects can be understood as educative milieus, by focusing on their educative tensions and doxa. Educative tensions are differences between positions in the epiobjects relational structure, while doxa are areas of agreement. The analysis shows that the epiobjects are obviously different in terms of educative tensions and doxa. The main difference between the epiobjects concern the families’ motives for the choice they have made: families in one class maintained they chose the school because of its subject specialisation, while families in the other claimed that they sought a school characterised by orderly behaviour and a better learning of subject knowledge and skills. Associated with these differences are dissimilarities concerning, for instance, political orientation, education level, income, democracy, freedom of choice, as well as regarding inclination to attend different kinds of cultural events and institutions. The results can be seen as an illustration of how a system of freedom of choice leads to segregation, by orienting people with dissimilar preferences to different alternatives while, at the same time, these preferences concerning school choice correspond with differences in other areas of life.
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| 17. |
- Larsson, Christel, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Veganism a status passage : the process of becoming a vegan among youths in Sweden
- 2003
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Ingår i: Appetite. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 41:1, s. 61-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a town in northern Sweden, 3.3% of the 15-year-old adolescents were vegans in 1996. This study describes the process of becoming a vegan among adolescents and interprets the informants' descriptions by constructing categories, which later on were related to relevant theories. Group interviews were conducted with three vegans and in-depth interviews were performed with three other vegan adolescents. The methodology was grounded theory and the adolescents' perceptions were analyzed in the framework of symbolic interactionism. Three types of vegans were identified: the Conformed Vegan, the Organized Vegan, and the Individualistic Vegan. The decision to become a vegan was reported to be influenced by perceived internal reasons such as ethics, health, distaste for meat, and preference for vegetarian food. In addition, friends, family, school, media, and music influenced the decision to become a vegan. The perceived consequences of becoming a vegan were positive as well as negative and differed between the three types of vegans. Veganism as a new type of status passage with specific characteristics was illustrated. No modifications or new properties were discovered that add to the theory of status passage which indicates that the general model is applicable also in a vegan context.
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- Perkowska, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis in breast-ovarian cancer families from northeastern Poland
- 2003
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 21:5, s. 553-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland were screened for germline mutations in BRCA1 (MIM# 113705) and BRCA2 (MIM# 600185), using a combination of protein truncation test, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. Sixteen (27%) of the families were found to carry nine different BRCA mutations, including 14 families with BRCA1 mutation and two families with BRCA2 mutation. The results suggest the presence of two strong BRCA1 founder mutations in the Polish population - 5382insC (6 families) and 300T>G (Cys61Gly; 3 families). The remaining seven mutations were found in single families and included three previously reported BRCA1 mutations (185delAG, 2682C>T [Gln855Ter] and 3819del5), a novel BRCA1 mutation (IVS14+1G>A), as well as two BRCA2 mutations (4088delA and 7985G>A [Trp2586Ter]) not previously observed in Polish families. We confirm the strong influence of two Central-Eastern European BRCA1 founder mutations in familial breast and/or ovarian cancer in Poland. We also conclude that the Polish population has a more dispersed BRCA mutation spectrum than had been earlier thought. This warrants further careful BRCA mutation screening in order to optimise genetic counselling and disease prevention in affected families.
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- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Fruit and vegetable consumption in relation to risk factors for cancer: a report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 3:3, s. 263-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and other markers of cancer risk. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey within the population-based prospective Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) Study. Information on food habits was collected through the modified diet history method designed and validated for the MDC Study. Data on smoking and alcohol habits, leisure time physical activity, birth country, education, socioeconomic status and cohabitation status were collected through a questionnaire. SETTING: Malmo, the third largest city in Sweden. SUBJECTS: All subjects who entered the MDC Study during winter 1991 to summer 1994 (men and women living in Malmo, aged between 46 and 68 years), with a total of 15 173. RESULTS: Women consumed more fruit and vegetables than men. Low consumption of both fruits and vegetables was associated with unfavourable nutrient profiles: higher percentage of energy from fat and lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients and dietary fibre. Low consumption was also associated with smoking, low leisure time physical activity, low education and being born in Sweden. High age was associated with low vegetable consumption in both genders. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that several established risk markers and risk factors of cancer may be independently associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings suggest that the adverse effects of factors such as smoking, low physical activity and a high-fat diet could partly be explained by low consumption of fruit or vegetables. The implied health benefits of a low or moderate alcohol consumption may be similarly confounded by high consumption of fruit or vegetables.
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- Wirfält, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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A methodological report from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study: development and evaluation of altered routines in dietary data processing
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, information on dietary habits was obtained through a modified diet history method, combining a 7-day menu book for cooked meals and a diet questionnaire for foods with low day-to-day variation. Half way through the baseline data collection, a change of interview routines was implemented in order to reduce interview time. Methods: Changes concentrated on portion-size estimation and recipe coding of mixed dishes reported in the menu book. All method development and tests were carefully monitored, based on experiential knowledge, and supplemented with empirical data. A post hoc evaluation study using "real world" data compared observed means of selected dietary variables before and after the alteration of routines handling dietary data, controlling for potential confounders. Results: These tests suggested that simplified coding rules and standard portion-sizes could be used on a limited number of foods, without distortions of the group mean nutrient intakes, or the participants' ranking. The post hoc evaluation suggested that mean intakes of energy-adjusted fat were higher after the change in routines. The impact appeared greater in women than in men. Conclusions: Future descriptive studies should consider selecting subsets assessed with either method version to avoid distortion of observed mean intakes. The impact in analytical studies may be small, because method version and diet assistant explained less than 1 percent of total variation. The distribution of cases and non-cases across method versions should be monitored.
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