| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Malmbanan Diaries
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This booklet is a report for a case study visit during four day field trip, a group of nine PhD students and their supervisors – all part of the National Research School for Architecture and Planning in the Urban Landscape, APULA – set out to explore what may be considered the outback of Western Europe’s conurbations, the transnational region of Kiruna -Narvik.Both “remote” and “resourceful”, “threatened” and “thriving” (equally relative notions), this region seemed to offer possibilities to reflect upon many of the current tendencies influencing contemporary planning practice and research.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Annica E M, et al.
(författare)
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Disability pension and everyday life : a period of transition and subjective aspects of future occupational life
- 2011
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 40:4, s. 375-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to explore and describe the everyday life experiences among people with a disability pension and their expectations for future occupational life. PARTICIPANTS: A purposeful sample of 14 men and women were interviewed. Of these, ten people received full-time disability pension and four people were on partial disability pension while working part time. METHODS AND RESULTS: A content analysis approach revealed three themes: strategies for handling a changed life situation, adaptations to remaining functional capacity, and expectations on future occupational life. Initially, leaving the work market entailed a period of emotional discomfort. To help handle this discomfort, structures for participation and performance came to signify a balanced everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: The central conclusion drawn is that the informants with full-time disability pension reconciled themselves to their situation, changing their conception of what life on a disability pension means, while those informants who worked part-time saw their future role as that of worker. Thus, being employed constitutes one factor that promotes a future work career. Another factor related to work capacity is the need for balance between paid work and domestic work reported by disability pensioners working part-time. This area could serve as a point of departure for work rehabilitation.
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| 4. |
- Tovar, Juscelino, et al.
(författare)
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A diet based on multiple functional concepts improves cardiometabolic risk parameters in healthy subjects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-7075. ; 9:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Different foods can modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in persons already affected by metabolic alterations. The objective of this study was to assess, in healthy overweight individuals, the impact of a diet combining multiple functional concepts on risk markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Methods: Fourty-four healthy women and men (50-73 y.o, BMI 25-33, fasting glycemia <= 6.1 mmol/L) participated in a randomized crossover intervention comparing a multifunctional (active) diet (AD) with a control diet (CD) devoid of the "active" components. Each diet was consumed during 4 wk with a 4 wk washout period. AD included the following functional concepts: low glycemic impact meals, antioxidant-rich foods, oily fish as source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, viscous dietary fibers, soybean and whole barley kernel products, almonds, stanols and a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus plantarum Heal19/DSM15313). Results: Although the aim was to improve metabolic markers without promoting body weight loss, minor weight reductions were observed with both diets (0.9-1.8 +/- 0.2%; P < 0.05). CD did not modify the metabolic variables measured. AD promoted significant changes in total serum cholesterol (-26 +/- 1% vs baseline; P < 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (-34 +/- 1%; P < 0.0001), triglycerides (-19 +/- 3%; P = 0.0056), LDL/HDL (-27 +/- 2%; P < 0.0001), apoB/apoA1 (-10 +/- 2%; P < 0.0001), HbA1c (-2 +/- 0.4%; P = 0.0013), hs-CRP (-29 +/- 9%; P = 0.0497) and systolic blood pressure (-8 +/- 1%, P = 0.0123). The differences remained significant after adjustment for weight change. After AD, the Framingham cardiovascular risk estimate was 30 +/- 4% (P < 0.0001) lower and the Reynolds cardiovascular risk score, which considers CRP values, decreased by 35 +/- 3% (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The improved biomarker levels recorded in healthy individuals following the multifunctional regime suggest preventive potential of this dietary approach against CMD.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test
- 2011
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Ingår i: Primary Care Respiratory Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-4418 .- 1475-1534. ; 20:4, s. 434-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To examine test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test (30mWT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare the 30mWT with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Methods: Forty-nine subjects with stable COPD were included. The 30mWT consists of walking at different walking intensities over a distance of 30 metres - self-selected speed (ss-30mWT) and maximal speed (ms-30mWT). The test was conducted twice and the time to walk 30 metres was recorded. The 6MWT was performed in duplicate on the same day. Results: Test-retest reliability was high: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) = 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97) for maximal walking speed and 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.93) for self-selected walking speed. Both maximal and self-selected speed had a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 0.07 m/s and SEM% was 4.4 for maximal speed and 5.9 for self-selected speed. The correlation, criterion validity, between ms-30mWT and the 6MWT was r=0.78 (p<0.001). Heart rate, dyspnoea, exertion and oxygen saturation were more affected after the 6MWT than after the 30mWT (p<0.001). Conclusions: The 30mWT is a reliable submaximal test that is easy to perform and can be used to measure physical function (walking ability) in patients with COPD. It may be well suited for primary care settings. (C) 2011 Primary Care Respiratory Society UK. All rights reserved. M Andersson, et al. Prim Care Respir J 2011; 20(4): 434-440 http://dx.doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2011.00082
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| 6. |
- Andrén, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Öppna prioriteringar inom nya områden : logopedi, nutritionsbedömning, habilitering och arbetsterapi
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns fortfarande ett behov av att öka kunskapen om och stödja den praktiska tillämpningen av riksdagens riktlinjer för öppna prioriteringar inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Flera förslag på hur ett sådant stöd kan se ut har tagits fram de senaste åren. Spridning av goda exempel är ett sådant förslag, metodstöd ett annat (PrioriteringsCentrum 2007). En mer påtaglig form av metodstöd är den nationella modell som vuxit fram för att konkretisera innebörden i riktlinjerna (Carlsson m fl 2007). Den får idag anses som välbeprövad inom ett flertal områden och har bidragit till att samsynen och kommunicerbarheten kring prioriteringar har ökat i landet. Erfarenheter visar dock att det behövs pedagogisk vägledning i hur modellen kan tillämpas. För att möta upp efterfrågan på sådant metodstöd erbjuder Prioriteringscentrum handledning i grupp. Den första handledningsgruppen är nu avslutad och det är deltagarnas prioriteringsarbeten som presenteras i denna rapport i syfte att sprida konkreta exempel på försök att tillämpa prioriteringsriktlinjerna.I rapporten presenteras fyra prioriteringsarbeten med fokus på: Regionsamverkan inom arbetsterapi Logopedi Yrkesspecifika prioriteringar på väg till teamet Från projekt till integrerat redskapExemplet med prioriteringar i regionsamverkan utgörs av det prioriteringsarbete som genomförts i det s k femklövernätverket bestående av en samverkansgrupp för arbetsterapeuter i ledningsposition på sjukhusen i Uppland, Västmanland, Södermanland, Gävleborg och Dalarna. Arbetet var ett försök att skapa gemensamma prioriteringar i regionen för ett sjukdomsområde som kändes relevant. Valet kom att falla på arbetsterapi inom reumatologi. Arbetet har sedan huvudsakligen bedrivits i en projektgrupp, bestående av en representant från varje sjukhus där arbetet växlat mellan arbete på hemmaplan och avstämningsträffar i projektgruppen.Försöket har visat att det finns en samsyn inom regionen kring prioriteringar inom arbetsterapi och reumatologi. Säkerheten i prioriteringarna har ökat i och med att fem arbetsterapiorganisationer tillsammans bidragit med ett stort underlagsmaterial bl a genom att delge varandra sina kliniska erfarenheter. Förutsättningarna för en mer likartad vård i regionen har ökat. Arbetet har också gett upphov till frågor om i vilka situationer det är att föredra att prioriteringsarbete bedrivs lokalt, regionvis och/eller nationellt.
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| 7. |
- Bertilsson, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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A client-centred ADL intervention: three-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 21, s. 377-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim was to study a client-centred activities of daily living (ADL) intervention (CADL) compared with the usualADL intervention (UADL) in people with stroke regarding: independence in ADL, perceived participation, life satisfaction,use of home-help service, and satisfaction with training and, in their significant others, regarding: caregiver burden, lifesatisfaction, and informal care. Methods: In this multicentre study, 16 rehabilitation units were randomly assigned to deliverCADL or UADL. The occupational therapists who provided the CADL were specifically trained. Eligible for inclusion werepeople with stroke treated in a stroke unit £3 months after stroke, dependent in ‡two ADL, not diagnosed with dementia, andable to understand instructions. Data were collected at inclusion and three months thereafter. To detect a significant differencebetween the groups in the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) domain “participation”, 280 participants were required. Intention-totreatanalysis was applied. Results: At three months, there was no difference in the outcomes between the CADL group(n = 129) and the UADL group (n = 151), or their significant others (n = 87/n = 93) except in the SIS domain “emotion” infavour of CADL (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The CADL does not appear to bring about short-term differences in outcomes andlonger follow-ups are required.
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| 8. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i marin biota, 2011
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups –heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatichydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants has beenexamined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and inguillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overalltrends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the samesites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trendin both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increasesin fat content seen in herring (the last ten years) and cod at Fladen; an increase in conditionfor herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring; and in perch, a decrease in fat content atKvädöfjärden but no trend in condition for the same site.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not Hg) in 2004, values between 2003 and2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ITM, Stockholmuniversity.The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southernBothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. Theherring site in the southern Bothnain Sea indicates a local Hg-source. The rest of the timeseries show varying concentrations over the study period, and even increasing trends in e.g.cod muscle and blue mussels, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measuredconcentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. However, in most cases, theseconcentrations are above the newly suggested EU-target level of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length),supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. Elevated lead concentrations between2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regardingchange in analysis methods).Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It isworth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium,generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series beginwith two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and maygive a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing trends,possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper andzinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.
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| 9. |
- Bisholt, Birgitta, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students' assessment of the learning environment in different clinical settings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 14:3, s. 304-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Nursing students perform their clinical practice in different types of clinical settings. The clinical learning environment is important for students to be able to achieve desired learning outcomes. Knowledge is lacking about the learning environment in different clinical settings.AIM: The aim was to compare the learning environment in different clinical settings from the perspective of the nursing students.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with comparative design was conducted.METHOD: Data was collected from 185 nursing students at three universities by means of a questionnaire involving the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher (CLES + T) evaluation scale. An open-ended question was added in order to ascertain reasons for dissatisfaction with the clinical placement.RESULTS: The nursing students' satisfaction with the placement did not differ between clinical settings. However, those with clinical placement in hospital departments agreed more strongly that sufficient meaningful learning situations occurred and that learning situations were multi-dimensional. Some students reported that the character of the clinical setting made it difficult to achieve the learning objectives.CONCLUSION: In the planning of the clinical placement, attention must be paid to whether the setting offers the student a meaningful learning situation where the appropriate learning outcome may be achieved.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bäck, Maria, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Home-based versus hospital-based supervised exercise or walk advice as treatment for intermittent claudication : Hembaserad jämfört med sjukhusbaserad handledd fysisk träning eller träningsråd som behandling vid claudicatio intermittens
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Method and patient group Intermittent claudication, the most common symptomatic presentation of peripheral arterial disease, is present in 7% of Swedish people aged 60 years or older. The progressive atherosclerotic process involves the development of stenoses and/or occlusions in the arteries propagating blood to the lower limbs. This causes effort-induced pain in the affected limb(s). Treatment is usually conservative and includes exercise therapy. Today, current practice in Sweden for patients with IC usually does not include hospital-based supervised exercise programs. A home-based supervised exercise program in a self-chosen environment might bridge the gap between the highly structured and costly hospital-based supervised exercise programs and ’go home and walk advice’. Question at issue Is home-based supervised exercise more effective than either unsupervised ‘go home and walk advice’, or hospital-based supervised exercise, for patients with intermittent claudication, in terms of walking distance, health related quality of life, symptoms, and risks associated with exercise? Studied risks and benefits for patients Ten articles were identified: two systematic reviews, six randomized controlled trials (RCT) and two cohort studies. The systematic reviews were only commented on. The quality of evidence (GRADE ⊕⊕) was low for all conclusions. Concluding remark Home-based supervised exercise for patients with intermittent claudication was compared with hospitalbased supervised exercise, or ‘go home and walk advice’. Six RCTs and two cohort studies were identified. There is low quality of evidence (GRADE ⊕⊕) that home-based supervised exercise, as compared with ‘go home and walk advice’, may slightly improve maximum and pain-free walking distance and result in little or no difference in health-related quality of life, and functional walking ability. There is low quality of evidence (GRADE ⊕⊕) that home-based supervised exercise may lead to less improvement in both maximum and pain-free walking distance than supervised hospital-based exercise, and result in little or no difference in health-related quality of life, and functional walking ability. There are no major ethical issues, and a reliable estimate of the total cost change is not possible, due to a total lack of reliable long-term data.
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| 13. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
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A new climate era in the sub-Arctic : Accelerating climate changes and multiple impacts
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 37:14, s. L14705-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming in the Swedish sub-Arctic since 2000 has reached a level at which statistical analysis shows for the first time that current warming has exceeded that in the late 1930' s and early 1940' s, and has significantly crossed the 0 degrees C mean annual temperature threshold which causes many cryospheric and ecological impacts. The accelerating temperature increase trend has driven similar trends in the century-long increase in snow thickness, loss of lake ice, increases in active layer thickness, lake water TOC (total organic carbon) concentrations and the assemblages of diatoms, and changes in tree-line location and plant community structure. Some of these impacts were not evident in the first warm period of the 20th Century. Changes in climate are associated with reduced temperature variability, particularly loss of cold winters and cool summers, and an increase in extreme precipitation events that cause mountain slope instability and infrastructure failure. The long term records of multiple, local environmental factors compiled here for the first time provide detailed information for adaptation strategy development while dramatic changes in an environment particularly vulnerable to climate change highlight the need to adopt global mitigation strategies.
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| 14. |
- Danielsson, Ulla EB, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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"My greatest dream is to be normal" : the impact of gender on depression narratives of young Swedish women and men
- 2011
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 21:5, s. 612-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is common among young people. Gender differences in diagnosing depression appear during adolescence. The study aim was to explore the impact of gender on depression in young Swedish men and women. Grounded theory was used to analyze interviews with 23 young people aged 17 to 25 years who had been diagnosed with depression. Their narratives were marked by a striving to be normal and disclosed strong gender stereotypes, constructed in interaction with parents, friends, and the media. Gender norms were upheld by feelings of shame, and restricted the acting space of our informants. However, we also found transgressions of these gender norms. Primary health care workers could encourage young men to open up emotionally and communicate their personal distress, and young women to be daring and assertive of their own strengths, so that both genders might gain access to the positive coping strategies practiced respectively by each.
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| 15. |
- Danielsson, Ulla EB, 1947-
(författare)
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Träffad av blixten eller långsam kvävning : genuskodade uttryck för depression i en primärvårdskontext
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Depression is a common mental health problem in primary health care. One third of the Swedish population is expected to experience depression at some point in their lives. The understanding of depression has expanded, both from a lay and primary health care perspective. The number of persons considering themselves as depressed, receiving the diagnosis, and getting treatment for it has increased steadily over the last decades. Unchanged, however, is that depression is diagnosed twice as often in women as in men, while twice as many men as women commit suicide. These gender differences appear in adolescence. In earlier research biomedical, psychological, and social-cultural explanations of gender differences have been discussed. Patient’s own perspectives have more seldom stood in focus, and men’s narratives in particular are still scarce. In this thesis, gender, i.e. how to be a woman or a man, is considered as a construct, formed and negotiated in social interaction. The aim of the study is to explore the gendered face of depression from a patient perspective: How is depression expressed and explained by patients in primary health care, by women and men, adults and adolescents? How are depressed women and men portrayed in the media? How do patient and media accounts of depression compare with the perspective offered in medical research articles? Method and material The analyses are based on data from three different sources: patient narratives, newspaper portrayals and scientific medical articles. – 37 in-depth interviews were undertaken with primary health care patients diagnosed with depression. Informants were chosen to include both men and women, grown-ups (Studies I + II) and young adults (Study V) of varying occupational and social class backgrounds. Data were analyzed according to grounded theory. – 26 articles portraying lay informants with depression (Study III) were drawn from three major Swedish daily newspapers by a search of database Mediearkivet 2002. The articles were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. –82 scientific articles concerning depression in relation to gender were identified in a PubMed search 2002. The understanding of depression in these articles was explored and compared with findings in the grown-up patient narratives and in the media portrayals by means of discourse analysis (Study IV). Findings Study I captured women’s and men’s formulations of their experiences of depression. To be marked with demands constituted a central experience for both women and men, but the outward manifestations differed in relation to gender as well as to class. Home and work had different priority. Men talked more about physical distress (often chest pain) than about emotions. Women readily verbalized emotional distress – shame and guilt – while physical symptoms were vague and secondary (often about the stomach). Men dealt with insecurity by aggrandizing their previous competence, women by self-effacement. Study II disclosed gendered trajectories into depression. Four symbolic illness narratives were identified: struck by lightning, nagging darkness, blackout and slowly suffocating. Most of the men considered their bodies suddenly “struck” by external circumstances beyond their control. The stories of women in the study were more diverse, reflecting all four illness narratives. However, the women had a tendency to blame their own personality and to describe depression as insidious and originating from the inside. The women expressed feelings of guilt and shame but also conveyed a personal responsibility and concern with relationships. Study III identified four themes in media portrayals of depression: displaying a successful facade, experiencing a cracking facade, losing and regaining control and explaining the illness. The mediated image of depression both upheld and challenged traditional gender stereotypes. The women’s stories were more detailed, relational, emotionally oriented and embodied. The portrayal of men was less emotional and expressive, and described a more dramatic onset of depression. Study IV revealed gaps in how depression in relation to gender is understood by the patients, the media, and the medical research establishment. There were differences in recognition, in understanding of the reasons, and in contextualization of depression. Although women and men described different symptoms and reasons for falling ill, in scientific articles these gendered differences were conceptualized mainly in terms of hormones and other biological markers. Study V elucidated the impact of gender on adolescent depression. The young women and men were all striving to be normal, influenced by demanding media images, confronted by identity trouble, and overwhelmed by feelings. They had dreams of an ordinary family and described normative expectations. Getting a safety net of friends and other adults was a way out. Both the young women and men were eager to communicate their distress when given the opportunity. This seemed especially important to some of the young men, who in talking about their emotional problems transgressed gender norms. Conclusions Patient perspectives enrich the understanding of gendered expressions of depression by making visible transgressions of and breaks with stereotype gender norms. Gender awareness is an important key in clinical consultation. To recognize gendered narratives of illness might have a salutary potential, making depression more visible among men, and relieving self-blame among women. By re-evaluating restrictive gender patterns, the clinician might encourage development of healthier practices of how to be a man or a woman, a development especially important for adolescents. An integrated model for understanding biological, gender and cultural aspects of depression has yet to be developed. As general practitioners we have a unique possibility to see and to study the whole individual in her social and cultural context.
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| 16. |
- de Jong, R, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and Peatlands
- 2010
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Ingår i: Changing Climates, Earth Systems, and Society. - 9789048187157 - 9789048187164 ; , s. 85-122
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- de Jong, Rixt, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and Peatlands
- 2010
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Ingår i: Changing Climates, Earth Systems and Society. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048187157 - 9789048187164 ; , s. 85-121
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Peatlands are an important natural archive for past climatic changes, primarily due to their sensitivity to changes in the water balance and the dating possibilities of peat sediments. In addition, peatlands are an important sink as well as potential source of greenhouse gases. The first part of this chapter discusses a range of well-established and novel proxies studied in peat cores (peat humification, macrofossils, testate amoebae, stomatal records from subfossil leaves, organic biomarkers and stable isotope ratios, aeolian sediment influx and geochemistry) that are used for climatic and environmental reconstructions, as well as recent developments in the dating of these sediments. The second part focuses on the role that peatland ecosystems may play as a source or sink of greenhouse gases. Emphasis is placed on the past and future development of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost areas of northern Scandinavia, and the role of regenerating mined peatlands in north-western Europe as a carbon sink or source.
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| 18. |
- Gadler, Ulla
(författare)
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En skola för alla - gäller det alla? : Statliga styrdokuments betydelse i skolans verksamhet
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aim is to visualize and understand what happens to intentions formulated in national steering documents to be interpreted and implemented in schools to give every pupil without exception access to an equivalent education.The principal starting point is that the individual official, or “street bureaucrat”, working inside school is the key person in interpreting steering document content. A theory-based analysis model was constructed from the different levels of national school steering systems, including knowledge appropriation and knowledge transfer as theoretical concepts. In the model, state, municipality, school and pupil constitute separate institutional concepts forming four frames, with three levels, macro, meso and micro, with school and pupil on the latter level. Following the process involving national steering documents, the actual steering of schools and the interpretation and implementation of the mission at different system levels highlights these documents’ importance.The empirical material comprises five studies: Study 1, a literature study focusing on the expression A school for everyone; Study 2, a document study on the steering of schools in two systems; Studies 3 and 4, two mutually independent questionnaire studies about national steering documents involving school leaders undergoing school leadership education and special needs teachers-to-be during their education and Study 5, a document study of pupil assistants’ role as officials in the two steering systems.The conclusion of the thesis may be that the pedagogical significance of the steering documents depends on how administrative and school officials, individually and collectively, interpret and implement the mission among the pupils. Claiming that A school for everyone applies to everyone requires routines in whichever system which ensure that all steering process officials absorb the steering document content and agree on a common pedagogical foundation about who are all pupils, which ones need special support and what measures will give all pupils access to an equivalent education.
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| 19. |
- Gatzinsky, Vladimir, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Dysphagia in adults operated on for esophageal atresia--use of a symptom score to evaluate correlated factors.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift für Kinderchirurgie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-359X. ; 21:2, s. 94-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysphagia is not unusual following repair of esophageal atresia (EA). The lack of a uniform definition has led to a variance when it comes to reporting the prevalence of dysphagia among patients operated on for EA. Our aim is to estimate the occurrence and degree of dysphagia, using a numerical score with its statistical versatility independent of a specific definition. The results are used to find early risk factors of dysphagia within this patient group. The results are also used to see whether we can find a correlation between dysphagia and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and quality of life (QoL).
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| 20. |
- Guidetti, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the impact of stroke between 3 and 12 months post-stroke, assessed with the Stroke Impact Scale
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 46:10, s. 963-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine data collected using the Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS) at 3 and 12 months post-stroke, and to explore any clinically meaningful changes in everyday life in relation to age, gender and stroke severity. Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Methods: A total of 204 persons were assessed using the SIS at 3 and 12 months after onset of stroke. Changes in domain scores were calculated over time and in relation to age, gender and stroke severity. Results: The Strength, Hand Function and Participation domains had the highest perceived impact at 3 and 12 months, indicating problems in everyday life. Stroke recovery was perceived to be significantly higher at 12 than at 3 months irrespective of stroke severity, age or gender. The impact on the Strength and Emotion domains was significantly lower at 12 months than at 3 months. Most clinically meaningful changes, both positive and negative ( 15 points), were seen in the Participation domain and in Stroke recovery. Few changes were associated with age, gender or stroke severity. Conclusion: Both positive and negative clinically meaningful changes related to impact of stroke were found between 3 and 12 months post-stroke. Therefore it is important to pay close attention to patients' perceptions of their everyday life situation during rehabilitation and at discharge.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Heid, Iris M, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
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| 23. |
- Hellman, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting rehabilitation and everyday life - the lived experiences among women with stress-related ill health
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 35:21, s. 1790-1797
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim was to describe and understand how connecting rehabilitation experiences and everyday life was characterised in the lived experiences during the rehabilitation in women with stress-related ill health. Method: Five women were interviewed on three occasions during a rehabilitation programme and once 3 months later. Data were analysed using the Empirical, Phenomenological and Psychological method. Results: The participants experienced connections between their rehabilitation and their previous, present and future everyday life influencing both rehabilitation and everyday life in a back-and-forth process. These connections were experienced in mind or in doing, mostly targeting the private arena in everyday life. Connecting rehabilitation experiences to their working situations was more challenging and feelings of frustration and being left alone were experienced. Conclusions: Although the participants described constructive connections between rehabilitation experiences and the private arena in everyday life, they mostly failed to experience connections that facilitated a positive return to work. Recommended support in the return to work process in rehabilitation comprises the provision of practical work-related activities during rehabilitation; being supportive in a constructive dialogue between the participant and the workplace, and continuing this support in follow-ups after the actual rehabilitation period. Implications for Rehabilitation Rehabilitation for persons with stress-related ill health needs to focus on the private arena as well as the work situation in everyday life. Creative activities may enable experiences that inspire connections in mind and connections targeting the private arena in everyday life. The work situation needs to be thoroughly discussed during rehabilitation for enabling the participants to experience a support in the return to work process. Rehabilitation including practical work-related activities, support in a constructive dialogue between the participant and the manager at the workplace, and continued support in follow-ups targeting the workplace might be beneficial for successfully return to work.
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| 24. |
- Hoggart, Clive, et al.
(författare)
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A Risk Model for Lung Cancer Incidence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Prevention Research. - Philadelphia : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1940-6207 .- 1940-6215. ; 5:6, s. 834-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk models for lung cancer incidence would be useful for prioritising individuals for screening and participation in clinical trials of chemoprevention. We present a risk model for lung cancer built using prospective cohort data from a general population which predicts individual incidence in a given time period.We build separate risk models for current and former smokers utilising 169,035 ever smokers from the multicentre European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and considered a model for never smokers. The data set was split into independent training and test sets. Lung cancer incidence was modelled using survival analysis, stratifying by age started smoking, and for former smokers, also smoking duration. Other risk factors considered were smoking intensity, ten occupational/environmental exposures previously implicated with lung cancer, and SNPs at two loci identified by genome-wide association studies of lung cancer. Individual risk in the test set was measured by the predicted probability of lung cancer incidence in the year preceding last follow-up time, predictive accuracy was measured by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).Utilising smoking information alone gave good predictive accuracy: the AUC and 95% confidence interval in ever smokers was 0.843 (0.810, 0.875), the Bach model applied to the same data gave an AUC of 0.775 (0.737, 0.813). Other risk factors had negligible effect on the AUC, including never smokers for whom prediction was poor.Our model is generalisable and straightforward to implement. Its accuracy can be attributed to its modelling of lifetime exposure to smoking.
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| 25. |
- Hällgren Graneheim, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Family caregivers' experiences of relinquishing the care of a person with dementia to a nursing home : insights from a meta-ethnographic study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 28:2, s. 215-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people with dementia are cared for in their homes by family caregivers. As the dementia progresses, admission of the family member to a nursing home becomes inevitable. The aim of this meta-ethnographic study was to describe caregivers' experiences of relinquishing the care of a family member with dementia to a nursing home. A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cinahl and PsychInfo, between the years 1992 and 2012, was performed, and 10 qualitative articles, based on 180 family caregivers' experiences, were included. The family caregivers' described their experiences as a process that went from being responsible for the decision, through living with the decision, adjusting to a new caring role and having changed relationships. They felt unprepared and lonely with these changes. They experienced loss, guilt and shame, but also feelings of relief. Their roles in the nursing home environment were to make sure that the individual needs of the person with dementia were respected and to monitor the quality of care. They wished to maintain their relationship with the person with dementia and to establish meaningful relationships with caring staff. The process of relinquishing care is similar to a crisis process, which starts with a turning point, followed by a coping face and finally the outcome of the process. The adaption to the new situation can be facilitated if the family caregivers are recognised as partners in the care of the person with dementia. The family caregivers' unique knowledge of their relatives' previous life story should be acknowledged in both care planning and daily care. Welcoming family caregivers to regular meetings with staff can contribute to increase the feeling of partnership. Offering staff clinical supervision could be one way of preparing them to deal with the emotional strain reported by family caregivers.
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| 26. |
- Jahnke, Marcus, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Design och innovation – ett möte med många möjligheter
- 2012
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Ingår i: A. Richtnér & J. Frishammar (Red.) Innovationsledning och kreativitet i svenska företag. - Stockholm : VINNOVA & Stiftelsen IMIT.. ; , s. 42-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of an individualised programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity in patients with coronary artery disease - a randomised intervention study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 23:19-20, s. 2822-2834
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an individualised programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Background: Recent scientific findings have shown that low physical exercise and stress interfere with coronary artery disease patients' sleep quality and sleep efficiency independent of gender, age and co-morbidity. Design: A randomised pretest-post-test control design. Methods: Forty-seven patients who had undergone a coronary revascularisation procedure and/or pharmacological treatment three to seven weeks earlier at a general hospital were randomised to either an intervention group or a control group. Data collection was carried out by questionnaires, a study-specific sleep diary and actigraphy registration for 10 consecutive 24-hour periods, with a follow-up after three to four months. The intervention group underwent a nurse-led individualised education programme to promote self-care of sleep-activity. Sleep habits and sleep-related lifestyle together formed the basis for setting up individual goals together with the nurse. Individual advice on physical training, relaxation exercise and a CD-based relaxation programme was provided by a physiotherapist. Both groups received a brochure about sleep and stress. Results: At a three- to four-month follow-up, the main improvements were seen in the intervention group regarding sleep quality, sleep duration and sleep efficiency in the sleep diary and sleep efficiency in actigraphy. Statistical improvements in health-related quality of life were revealed. This was not so obvious in the control group. Conclusions: An individualised intervention programme to promote self-care of sleep-activity including relaxation in patients with coronary artery disease led by a nurse may improve sleep quality. However, a longitudinal study to promote self-care in sleep-activity should be performed using a larger sample and multiple sites with continuous follow-ups to determine whether any positive effects remain stable over time. Relevance to clinical practice: Implementation of a multiprofessional individualised programme to promote self-care of sleep-activity including relaxation based on patients' needs, supported by a healthcare team and led by nurses, is important in clinical practice. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Remaining connected despite separation : former family caregivers’ experiences of aspects that facilitate and hinder the process of relinquishing the care of a person with dementia to a nursing home
- 2014
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 18:8, s. 1029-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This qualitative study aimed to illuminate former family caregivers’ experiences of aspects that facilitate and hinder the process of relinquishing the care of a person with dementia to a nursing home. METHOD: Ten narrative interviews with former family caregivers were performed and subjected to qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: An overall theme showed that family caregivers were remaining connected to the person with dementia despite separation. They experienced being ‘caught by surprise’ when the placement occurred. Negative expectations of dementia care made the separation more difficult. Lacking adequate information increased feelings of insecurity. Despite these hurdles, family caregivers found meaning in the new situation as they felt that they could remain connected to their loved one. Being recognized as partners in care of the person with dementia after placement was a facilitating aspect. Family caregivers regarded a well-functioning interaction with staff and a supportive social network as reassuring since they facilitated staying in touch. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the relinquishing process and adequate information about dementia and its progression may help family caregivers better prepare for and adapt to the situation. Family caregivers need to be recognized as partners in care and a welcoming nursing home environment is of utmost importance.
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Self-care strategies to facilitate sleep in patients with heart disease : A qualitative study
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 18:1, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Johansson A, Karlsson J, Brödje K, Edell-Gustafsson U. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2012; 18: 44-51 Self-care strategies to facilitate sleep in patients with heart disease-A qualitative study This study aimed at exploring and describing the self-care management strategies used by patients with coronary artery disease to facilitate sleep. Qualitative interviews in a dialogue manner, in a phenomenographic reference frame analyzed according to manifest and latent principles of qualitative content analysis, were performed. A purposeful sampling technique was used including 11 patients with coronary heart disease in a Heart Medical Unit in a general hospital setting. Two main themes were identified: sleep-rhythm and sleep-hygiene including four descriptive categories. The categories reveal five basic responses including emotions, cognition, physical symptoms (reactions), behaviours and/or the sleep environment, which were related to perceived or actual presence of sleep-wake problems and health that were the underlying reason for the self-care management strategies. Basically, intervention studies that address these five responses for choice of non-pharmacological methods based on cognitive behavioural therapy provided by nurses are needed.
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| 31. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep, arousal and health-related quality of life in men and women with coronary artery disease.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 20:19-20, s. 2787-2801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To evaluate whether there are gender differences in insomnia, sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%), general arousal, disease-specific and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease, compared with an age- and gender-matched randomly selected group from the general population. Background. There are gender difference effects of sleep disturbances in the general population, but this perspective among patients with coronary artery disease has been poorly analysed. Design. In this prospective study, comparative, descriptive and model testing designs were used. Method. The patients with coronary artery disease, 556 men and 324 women aged 25–86, were compared with a matched population-based group. Data were collected by validated and reliability-tested questionnaires. Results. The prevalence of severe insomnia varied between 17–44% in all four groups. The severe insomniac coronary artery disease patients displayed a two- or threefold higher presleep arousal, had two hours shorter nocturnal sleep duration/night and were more limited in their physical exercise level than the population-based group. Gender differences in sleep quality, sleep efficiency (%) and general arousal disappeared with increased insomnia severity. Conclusions. Independent of gender, age and comorbidity, physical exercise, general arousal behaviour and delayed poststress recovery after mental stress were found to have a negative impact on the coronary artery disease patients’ sleep quality and sleep efficiency (%), interfering with their health-related quality of life. The variables significantly explained 41% of the sleep quality outcome and 29% of the sleep efficiency (%). Relevance to clinical practice. Insomnia because of hyperarousal behaviour can be an important factor in the development of an individual self-care management programme supported by a healthcare team.
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| 32. |
- Johansson, Anna, 1965-
(författare)
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Sleep-Wake-Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and evaluation of an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sleep is a basic need, important to physical and psychological recovery. Insomnia implies sleep-related complaints, such as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early awakening, or non-restorative sleep (NRS) in an individual who has adequate circumstances and opportunity to sleep. Insomnia is also related to impairment of daytime functions. The prevalence of reported sleep disturbances varies between 15% and 60% in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) up to five years after intervention. Disturbed sleep may have a negative impact on self-care capacity and behaviours. Little attention has been given to evaluation of sleep promotion through individualized non-pharmacological interventions among CAD patients.The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the impact of sleep quality and disrupted sleep on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with stable CAD, in comparison to a population-based group. The objective was also to evaluate an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep.Four studies were conducted during seven years, starting in 2001. Patients from six hospitals in the south of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, an age and gender matched population-based group was randomly selected during the same period as the patients and was used for comparison with the CAD patients in two of the studies. Data was collected through interviews, self-reported questionnaires, a study specific sleep diary and actigraphy registrations. A pretest-posttest control design was used to evaluate whether an individualized non-pharmacological intervention programme could promote self-care in sleep-activity in CAD patients.The results showed a high prevalence of insomniac CAD patients out of whom a large proportion were non-rested insomniacs. This showed that NRS is one of the core symptoms of insomnia. On the other hand there were weak or non-significant gender differences with increasing insomnia severity. Severe insomniac CAD patients displayed a two or threefold higher presleep arousal or anxiety score and were more limited in taking physical exercise than the general population. Generally low sleep efficiency (SE%) was revealed in the studies, particularly among severe non-rested insomniac CAD patients.Among CAD patients, the individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity indicated improvements in sleep and HRQoL.This thesis elucidates the importance of focusing on the individual’s perception of their sleep-activity and health in their local context and supporting self-care management. Furthermore, it is of importance that nurses set individual goals together with the patient in order to increase self-efficacy to promote HRQoL.
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep-wake activity rhythm and health-related quality of life among patients with coronary artery disease and in a population-based sampleAn actigraphy and questionnaire study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 19:4, s. 390-401
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore whether there are gender differences in sleep and health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and a matched population-based sample and to see how subjectively rated sleep is associated with actigraphy. Secondly, to explore whether factors that predict patients sleep quality could be identified. Fifty-seven patients with stable CAD and 47 participants from a population-based sample were included. All participants completed the Uppsala Sleep Inventory (USI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the SF-36. Actigraphy recordings and a sleep diary were performed for seven 24-h periods. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sleep duration, sleep onset latency, nocturnal awakenings, vitality (SF-36) and body mass index explained 60% of the sleep quality outcome (USI). Sleep duration, sleep efficiency and fragmentation index assessed with actigraphy and sleep diary accounted for 36% of the sleep quality outcome (diary). The result can form the basis for a non-pharmacological, self-care programme supported and led by nurses.
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| 34. |
- Johansson, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in Swedish Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinus) eggs
- 2011
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Ingår i: ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 37:4, s. 678-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A temporal trend study of brominated flame retardants in eggs from peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinus), a terrestrial bird of prey, is presented. Eggs collected between 1974 and 2007 were analyzed for the major constituents of the Penta-, Octa- and Decabromodiphenyl ether technical products (BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -183 and -209), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Concentrations of BDE-99, -100, -153, -183, -209 and HBCD increased from 1974 to 2000. After the early 2000s, BDE-99, -100, -153 and -183 concentrations decreased, whereas BDE-209 and HBCD concentrations continued to increase. No temporal trend was detected for BDE-47. Rates of increase also differed, with BDE-99 and -100 increasing 3-fold between the 1980s and mid-1990s, and BDE-153 and -183 increasing approximately 10-fold during the same period. The average yearly increase was 15% and 11% for BDE-209 and HBCD, respectively, based on log-linear regression trends. There is a change in BDE congener patterns over time, with a shift from the predominance of BDE-99 and -47 until the late 1980s, to BDE-153 becoming the predominant congener later on. BFR temporal trends in Swedish peregrine falcon eggs reflect European BFR usage patterns.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Johansson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Planering och utformning för ett ökat gående : Litteraturstudie, expertseminarium och trafik- och stadsplanerares syn på utemiljöns förutsättningar för gångtrafik
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration) provides funding for the project"Traffic Planning to Support Increased Walking – Systematic Improvement of Conditions forTravelling by Foot ". The project studies how pedestrians choose their route, why somephenomena become obstacles/are perceived as risky or, on the contrary, encourage walking.This report, the first in the project, includes a literature review, interviews with traffic andurban planners in local government, and an expert seminar. The findings of the three studieswill then serve as a basis for further work.Interviews of local government contacts and the expert seminar are considered to be verysuccessful working methods to find out about the opinions and experience of those currentlyworking with walking-related issues. All participants have been willing to assist and to sharetheir work and experience and were aware of the role of walking in the overall transportsystem, and its part in a sustainable transport system.The study has led to the conclusion that the concepts choice of means of transport – choice ofroute –built environment (for pedestrians) have been shown to be key in the sphere ofplanning for pedestrians and walking as a mode of transport. It is also of key importance topromote walking as a mode of transport where there are positive effects on health.Society needs to give greater scope to walking-related issues and to establish the idea ofpedestrian traffic as a norm, thereby raising its status. This work also includes defining therelevant actors relating to walking-related issues.It is also of interest to make an assessment of the groups which it is easiest to encourage towalk, and to investigate and describe the difference between everyday travel for a specificpurpose, to work and school, and walking for recreation and exercise in order to be better ableto improve planning for walking as a mode of transport.There is insufficient data to describe and quantify walking and there is a lack of methods tomeasure walking. The knowledge of town planning, which is still at a general level regardingthe network and the density of the pedestrian network, should also be highlighted.The overall conclusion is that it is important to demonstrate the importance of walking, andthat walking as a mode of transport should be a normative component of planning.
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Inger, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Lower incidence of CMV infection and acute rejections with valganciclovir
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic infection following lung transplantation. CMV replication in the lung allograft is described as accelerating the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).Finding a strategy to prevent CMV infection is an important issue. Methods We performed a retrospective, single-centre study of 114 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) who underwent lung transplantation from January 2001 to December 2006. In a smaller cohort of 88 CMV seropositive (R+) LTRs, three months of valganciclovir prophylaxis (2004-2006) was compared to three months of oral ganciclovir (2001-2003) with respect to the incidence of CMV infection/disease, the severity of CMV disease, acute rejection, BOS-free 4 year survival and 4 year survival. In the whole group of 114 LTRs the impact of CMV infection on long-term survival (BOS free 4 year survival and 6 year survival) was assessed. Results For the cohort of 88 CMV seropositive LTRs, the incidence of CMV infection/disease at one year was lower in the valganciclovir group compared to the ganciclovir group (24% vs. 54%, p = 0.003). There was a tendency towards reduced CMV disease, from 33% to 20% and a significant lower incidence of asymptomatic CMV infection (22% vs. 4%, p = 0.005). A lower incidence of acute rejection was observed in the valganciclovir group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in BOS free 4 year survival and 4 year survival. For the entire group of 114 LTRs, BOS-free 4 year survival for recipients with CMV disease was (32%, p = 0.005) and among those with asymptomatic CMV infection (36%, p = 0.061) as compared with patients without CMV infection (69%). Six year survival was lower among patients with CMV disease, (64%, p = 0.042) and asymptomatic CMV infection (55%, p = 0.018) than patients without CMV infection (84%). Conclusions A lower incidence of CMV infection/disease and acute rejections was observed with valganciclovir (3 months) when compared to oral ganciclovir (3 months). The long-term impact of CMV infection/disease was significant for BOS-free survival and survival.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Johansson, Pegah, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The p38 signaling pathway upregulates expression of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 oncogene.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of virology. - 1098-5514. ; 84:6, s. 2787-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded LMP1 oncogene has a role in transformation, proliferation, and metastasis of several EBV-associated tumors. Furthermore, LMP1 is critically involved in transformation and growth of EBV-immortalized B cells in vitro. The oncogenic properties of LMP1 are attributed to its ability to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins and growth signals. The transcriptional regulation of LMP1 is dependent on the context of cellular and viral proteins present in the cell. Here, we investigated the effect of several signaling pathways on the regulation of LMP1 expression. Inhibition of p38 signaling, using p38-specific inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190, downregulated LMP1 in estrogen-induced EREB2.5 cells. Similarly, p38 inhibition decreased trichostatin A-induced LMP1 expression in P3HR1 cells. Exogenous expression of p38 in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) led to an increase in LMP1 promoter activity in reporter assays, and this activation was mediated by the previously identified CRE site in the promoter. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 and p38-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) also led to a modest decrease in endogenous LMP1 expression in LCLs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated decreased binding of CREB-ATF1 to the CRE site in the LMP1 promoter after inhibition of the p38 pathway in EREB2.5 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that an increase in p38 activation upregulates LMP1 expression. Since p38 is activated in response to stimuli such as stress or possibly primary infection, a transient upregulation of LMP1 in response to p38 may allow the cells to escape apoptosis. Since the p38 pathway itself is activated by LMP1, our results also suggest the presence of an autoregulatory loop in LMP1 upregulation.
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| 40. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Arguing for design thinking interventions as artistic interventions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Design Research Journal. - 2000-3080. ; 2009:2, s. 40-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on data from projects where artists used their artistic competence as organizational change facilitators, this paper argues for a theoretical coupling of the discourse(s) of design thinking to research streams within art-and-management. The artistic dimension of design, the practice perspective and the artistic process should be considered if we are to understand the full potential of design thinking for companies.
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| 41. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Curatorial practice in artistic interventions in organizations: Insights from Swedish practitioners
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Art of Management and Organization Conference: Copenhagen Denmark August 24 - 26 , 2014..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we discuss the role of the facilitator of artistic and design interventions in companies. We regard design interventions and artistic interventions as similar activities; they are both related to the companies’ innovation work and they both rely upon an artistic framework in their work process. Our focus is on the “facilitator role” and how it is performed in three different organizations that produce/mediate artistic interventions. The facilitator tries to bridge the gap between differences in what is taken-for-granted by companies and artists, respectively. However, the role of the facilitator is vague, and differs considerably between organizations. For a fresh perspective on the facilitator role we contrast it with the role of the curator. This role is far from homogeneous, but is well developed both practically and theoretically. We propose that such a comparison would be beneficial for the artist, the facilitator, and the organizations involved.
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| 42. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Design Thinking: Past, Present and Possible Futures
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Creativity and Innovation Management. - : Wiley. - 0963-1690. ; 22:2, s. 121-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes a critical look at the design thinking discourse, one that has different meanings depending on its context. Within the managerial realm, design thinking has been described as the best way to be creative and innovate, while within the design realm, design thinking may be partly ignored and taken for granted, despite a long history of academic development and debate. In the design area, we find five different discourses of ‘designerly thinking’, or ways to describe what designers do in practice, that have distinctly different epistemological roots. These different discourses do not stand in competition with each other but could be developed in parallel. We also observe that the management discourse has three distinct origins, but in general has a more superficial and popular character and is less academically anchored than the designerly one. Also, the management design thinking discourse seldom refers to designerly thinking and thereby hinders cumulative knowledge construction. We suggest further research to link the discourses.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Mind the gap! Strategies for artistic interventions in organizations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: E. Bohemia, A. Rieple, J. Liedtka, & R. Cooper (Eds.), 19th DMI: Academic Design Management Conference Design Management in an Era of Disruption London. ; , s. 538-561
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of efforts to increase innovation, artistic interventions with similarities to design thinking interventions have become increasingly popular. An important aspect of an artistic intervention is the facilitation or bridging process that links the organization, the artist or designer, and the target group. This process is at the core of the relationship, essential for avoiding frustrations and frictions that easily emerge in the communication processes between the different worlds or logics of the artist (artistic logic) and the target group (economic logic), and for ensuring that the “tools gained” continue to be used in the organization after the artist has left. We present a study of three Swedish facilitating organizations with different processes, SVID (www.svid.se). TILLT (www.tillt.se), and SKISS (www.konstfrämjandet.se/projekt/skiss). Our research included interviews with representatives of the different organizations. We discovered that while the processes are similar in their intentions and ways of dealing with issues that arose within the target group, they differ foremost in the time and conditions offered to the artists/designers. We discuss the resources required for the different approaches and reflect on implications for new producers of artistic innovations.
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| 45. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Mind the Gap! Strategies for bridging artists and organizations in artistic interventions
- 2014
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Ingår i: 19th DMI: Academic Design Management Conference: Design Management in an Era of Disruption. London (UK) September 2-4, 2014..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of efforts to increase innovation, artistic interventions with similarities to design thinking interventions have become increasingly popular. An important aspect of an artistic intervention is the facilitation or bridging process that links the organization, the artist or designer, and the target group. This process is at the core of the relationship, essential for avoiding frustrations and frictions that easily emerge in the communication processes between the different worlds or logics of the artist (artistic logic) and the target group (economic logic), and for ensuring that the “tools gained” continue to be used in the organization after the artist has left. We present a study of three Swedish facilitating organizations with different processes, SVID (www.svid.se). TILLT (www.tillt.se), and SKISS (www.konstfrämjandet.se/projekt/skiss). Our research included interviews with representatives of the different organizations. We discovered that while the processes are similar in their intentions and ways of dealing with issues that arose within the target group, they differ foremost in the time and conditions offered to the artists/designers. We discuss the resources required for the different approaches and reflect on implications for new producers of artistic innovations
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| 46. |
- Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Relating the artistic practice of design to the artistic thinking discourse.
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2nd Cambridge Academic Design Management Conference Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces an approach to design thinking that integrates rather than separates the discourse from the artistic roots of design. We present a theoretical framework for the artistic foundation of design thinking. We relate design thinking, as a subarea of design management, to the concept of artistic interventions, theorized within the area of art and management. Our comparison of the two discourses, those of design thinking and artistic interventions, shows both similarities and differences. We suggest that the design thinking discourse can develop further by attending to several practices that are apparent in artistic interventions and thereby designers can reclaim the artistic roots and emotional core of their profession and a practice approach to design thinking.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Johansson, Ulla, 1948
(författare)
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Artists as organizational development facilitators – evaluation of six projects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cumulus conference proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an evaluation of six projects where artists (graphic designer, dancer, actor, director, jewelry artist, photographer) worked with organizations (three public authorities and three companies) to help with their development. The aim of the projects was that the organizations should develop in some given direction (for example increase competence of salespeople, help a local authority deal with diversity etc.), and that the artists should use their own artistic competence to facilitate the process. The evaluation uses a combination of methods: participant observations in meetings at some of the companies, interviews with representations from the organizations and with the artists, and a survey to a broader group of participants within the six organizations. From organizational point of view the results were positive in all six companies, and extremely positive in some of them. From an artistic point of view, the results were more complex and need further investigation.
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